TY - CONF PY - 2011 BT - Researching the Third Sector through Time: Methods, Ethics and Insights CY - University of Leeds N1 - 9th March 2011 KW - third sector method: longitudinal analysis method: qualitative Method: life histories methodology ethics policy the future planning social Change history causality timescape Relevance: 2 N2 - There is a growing interest in the use of qualitative longitudinal and life history methods in third sector research. Engaging qualitatively with time enables a more finely grained understanding of the dynamics of third sector organisations – their histories, their strategies for the future, and their journeys through a complex and rapidly changing policy landscape. This seminar will bring together a number of funded projects that are using such methods to produce distinctive forms of knowledge on the third sector. Some are using Qualitative longitudinal methods to chart and shed light on long term processes of support and transformation within the sector in times of increasing austerity and changes in public funding. These prospective tracking projects chart change in the making. They will be complemented with life history projects that look backwards in time, tracing changes historically and illustrating causality through the intersection of past and present. The broad aims of the event are to enable a detailed sharing of methodological and ethical issues arising from a qualitative engagement with time in third sector research, to reflect and share insights that are emerging from these varied studies and to consider the possibilities for data sharing and comparative analysis across these and similar projects. Speakers include Victoria Bell (Teeside), Sue Bond (Edinburgh Napier), Irene Hardill (Northumberland), David Lewis (LSE), and Rob Macmillan (Birmingham) and Zoe Munby (Home Start). The event is being hosted by the Timescapes Qualitative Longitudinal Initiative, in collaboration with the Third Sector Research Centre, with funding from the Economic and Social Research Council. UR - http://www.timescapes.leeds.ac.uk/events-dissemination/events/researching-the-voluntary-sector.php ID - 139 ER - TY - CONF PY - 2012 BT - Solidarity, Memory and Identity: Interdisciplinary Conference CY - Gdańsk, Poland N1 - 20-21 September 2012 N1 - University of Gdańsk, Poland: www.ug.edu.pl ED - Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil: www.ufpr.br KW - Memory solidarity identity Forgetting Postcommunism Poland Relevance: 3 History philosophy sociology N2 - What is the phenomenon of solidarity in the current world? What is the sense to talk about it with the increase of violence around the globe? What is its role in shaping identities – of cultures, nations, individuals? Is it born from memory or from oblivion? Questions such as these gave rise to the idea of our interdisciplinary conference. It is going to be devoted to solidarity in all its multiple aspects, in the broadest contexts possible – historical, cultural, artistic, psychological, philosophical. In the age of rapid socio-political changes, with deepening ethic and religious conflicts on one hand, and, on the other hand, a diminishing feeling of identification with the community, there seems to exist a strong necessity for a reflection on the idea of solidarity. It would be difficult to think of a more inspiring place for such a reflection than the city of Gdańsk. It was here that in the 1980 “Solidarity” was born: a social movement which, in less than a decade, brought about the fall of the communist regime in Poland and played an important part in the historic changes in Middle-Eastern Europe. Yet we do not want to make Polish “Solidarity” the dominating theme of the conference or privilege it in any way. On the contrary, we intend to present as fully as possible the broad spectrum of solidarity-related themes. Thus, we heartily invite academics from all sides of the world, representing various research fields: anthropology, sociology, philosophy, history, psychology, cultural studies, literary studies, film studies, theater studies, memory studies, postcolonial studies, gender studies. Both experienced scholars and young academics at the start of their careers are most welcome. We also invite all persons interested in participating in the conference as listeners, without presenting their papers. We are sure that we will have important reflections and fruitful discussions about Solidarity, Memory and Identity. UR - http://solidaritymemory.ug.edu.pl/ ID - 784 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Abbott, Andrew PY - 2001 BT - Time Matters: On Theory and Method CY - Chicago PB - University of Chicago Press SP - 209-239 N1 - Time Matters: On Theory and Method N1 - Course outline A Mische KW - Sociology History methodology Unpredictibility events causality temporality of academic work Relevance: 2 Turning points assumptions about time obscuring x Meaning critique of discipline N2 - What do variables really tell us? When exactly do inventions occur? Why do we always miss turning points as they transpire? When does what doesn't happen mean as much, if not more, than what does? Andrew Abbott considers these fascinating questions in Time Matters, a diverse series of essays that constitutes the most extensive analysis of temporality in social science today. Ranging from abstract theoretical reflection to pointed methodological critique, Abbott demonstrates the inevitably theoretical character of any methodology. Time Matters focuses particularly on questions of time, events, and causality. Abbott grounds each essay in straightforward examinations of actual social scientific analyses. Throughout, he demonstrates the crucial assumptions we make about causes and events, about actors and interaction and about time and meaning every time we employ methods of social analysis, whether in academic disciplines, market research, public opinion polling, or even evaluation research. Turning current assumptions on their heads, Abbott not only outlines the theoretical orthodoxies of empirical social science, he sketches new alternatives, laying down foundations for a new body of social theory. see particularly see Chapter 7 Temporality and Process in Social Life UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=lVmkHsEo3CsC ID - 554 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Abrahams, R. G. PY - 1977 TI - Time and Village Structure in Northern Unyamwezi: An Examination of Social and Ecological Factors Affecting the Development and Decline of Local Communities SP - 372-385 JF - Africa: Journal of the International African Institute VL - 47 IS - 4 SN - 00019720 N1 - Time and Village Structure in Northern Unyamwezi: An Examination of Social and Ecological Factors Affecting the Development and Decline of Local Communities N1 - JSTOR KW - Tanzania Africa Rural communities Development Method: dynamic rather than static Anthropology change over time Relevance: 3 community development Social structure N2 - IN October 1974 I returned to the Kahama District of Tanzania for a further period of research in northern Unyamwezi where I had previously worked between late 1957 and early 1960. The present paper arises from a consideration of the implications of two facts which impressed me strongly on this second visit. The first of these was that a substantial number of the homestead heads who had been my neighbours in the village of Butumwa for the larger part of my first fieldwork were still alive though some of them had moved to other parts of the District and beyond. The second was that those who had remained, along with many others from surrounding villages, had been moved as part of the Tanzanian Government's national resettlement programme into a new large nucleated village shortly before my return there.2 These two facts have led me to pay further attention to the nature and functions of pre- I 974 settlement patterns and to examine the relation between these and the form of the new scheme. One of the main points which will emerge from my discussion is the need, in trying to understand these settlement patterns, to take careful account of how villages change and develop over time as part of a complex combination of social and ecological processes. This processual aspect of village organization in the area has, I may add, not previously received sufficient attention in my own and other accounts of the situation there. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1158343 ID - 82 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aching, Gerard PY - 2010 TI - Carnival time versus modern social life: a false distinction SP - 415-425 JF - Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture VL - 16 IS - 4 SN - 1350-4630 N1 - Carnival time versus modern social life: a false distinction KW - social time events break in time modernity temporal conflict suspensions of everyday time Dance gender Relevance: 2 temporal boundaries carribean mediation Social coordination Trinidad Carribean N2 - Closely examining the dance form of winin' ubiquitous in Trinidad and Tobago's carnival, this essay argues for the inextricability of carnival time and contemporary social life. In contrast to the notion that carnival constitutes interruptions or postponements of projects of modernity and, especially, that it invokes a temporality and social space where ideologies may be blissfully suspended, this study illustrates how this dance form articulates the status of and quest for personal freedoms in public spaces and contests a specific gender ideology. The essay describes and interrogates how winin', mediates the relationship between competing pleasures – those of the state and of the carnival reveller respectively – and illustrates the extent to which the dance form's exaggerated and hypervisible practices constitute a demand for social engagement. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13504630.2010.497699 ID - 660 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adam, Barbara PY - 1989 TI - Feminist social theory needs time: Reflections on the relation between feminist thought, social theory and time as an important parameter in social analysis SP - 458-473 JF - Sociological Review VL - 37 IS - 3 N1 - Feminist social theory needs time: Reflections on the relation between feminist thought, social theory and time as an important parameter in social analysis KW - methodology feminist theory social time sociology Adam gender critical temporalities relevance: 2 Multiple temporalities women's time philosophy N2 - This paper explores the relation between feminist concerns, social theory and the multiple time aspects of social life. It is suggested that while feminist approaches have been located in classical political philosophy, the same imposed classification has not occurred with respect to social theory perspectives. Rather than seeing this as an academic gap that needs filling, it was taken as an opportunity to take note of the wide variety of feminist approaches to methodological and theoretical issues and to relate these to concerns arising from a focus on the time, temporality, and timing of social life. It is argued that a feminist social theory, as an understanding of the social world through the eyes of women, is not only complemented by such a focus on time but dependent on it for an opportunity to transcend the pervasive vision of the ‘founding fathers’. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1989.tb00039.x/abstract ID - 328 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Adam, Barbara PY - 1994 BT - Time and Social Theory CY - Cambridge PB - Polity N1 - Time and Social Theory KW - Adam Social theory Sociology social time methodology Critical temporalities Standardisation technology Relevance: 2 Assumptions about time obscuring x time as missing element Newton critique of discipline philosophy N2 - Time is at the forefront of contemporary scholarly inquiry across the natural sciences and the humanities. Yet the social sciences have remained substantially isolated from time-related concerns. This book argues that time should be a key part of social theory and focuses concern upon issues which have emerged as central to an understanding of today's social world.Through her analysis of time Barbara Adam shows that our contemporary social theories are firmly embedded in Newtonian science and classical dualistic philosophy. She exposes these classical frameworks of thought as inadequate to the task of conceptualizing our contemporary world of standardized time, computers, nuclear power and global telecommunications. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=vk-IQgAACAAJ ID - 329 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Adam, Barbara PY - 1995 BT - Timewatch: The Social Analysis of Time CY - Cambridge PB - Polity Press N1 - Timewatch: The Social Analysis of Time KW - Social time feminist theory Adam Social theory sociology methodology embodiment environment experiential time health education globalisation Multiple temporalities Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 time as missing element environment Asynchrony time as symbolic resource time reckoning N2 - Time forms such an important part of our lives that it is rarely thought about. In this book the author moves beyond the time of clocks and calendars in order to study time as embedded in social interactions, structures, practices and knowledge, in artefacts, in the body, and in the environment. The author looks at the many different ways in which time is experienced, in relation to the various contexts and institutions of social life. Among the topics discussed are time in the areas of health, education, work, globalization and environmental change. Through focusing on the complexities of social time she explores ways of keeping together what social science traditions have taken apart, namely, time with reference to the personal-public, local-global and natural-cultural dimensions of social life. Barbara Adam's time-based approach engages with, yet differs from postmodernist writings. It suggests ways not merely to deconstruct but to reconstruct both common-sense and social science understanding.This book will be of interest to undergraduates, graduates and academics in the areas of sociology, social theory environmental/green issues, feminist theory, cultural studies, philosophy, peace studies, education, social policy and anthropology. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=NSmKQgAACAAJ ID - 330 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adam, Barbara PY - 1996 TI - Beyond the Present: Nature, Technology and the Democratic Ideal SP - 319-338 JF - Time & Society VL - 5 IS - 3 N1 - Beyond the Present: Nature, Technology and the Democratic Ideal N1 - 10.1177/0961463X96005003003 KW - Technology Nature Democracy Politics Political time Globalisation environment Multiple temporalities temporal conflict time scarcity conceptions of time critical temporalities Economics Responsibility temporally extended responsibilities Science Relevance: 2 temporal complexity political time time as symbolic resource industrialisation coordinating between different times changing perceptions of time Adam N2 - It is widely recognized that globalization, contemporary technologies and environmental hazards pose problems for the political ideal of democracy. An explicit focus on time gives us a new point of access to these debates. No longer understood in the singular as the implicit context within political processes take place, time in its complex, multiple expressions can serve as a tool for reconceptualization. In its single and conglomerate forms it is lived and negotiated in conflict. This is nowhere more apparent than in globalized socio-political processes with their varied ties to contemporary technology, most specifically when these are concerned with environmental hazards. In such situations the conflict is not merely between different scarcities of and needs for time, but between temporalities that operate to different principles: the variable. rhythmic temporality of nature and the cosmos, on the one hand, and the industrial times of the machine, the laboratory and economic considerations, on the other hand. It is between new configurations of actors past, present and future where concerns, rights and duties extend beyond the present to peoples long dead and those whose future present is constructed by our contemporary political and scientific actions. Together, these temporal features and complexities present crucial conceptual and political challenges for the next century. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/5/3/319.abstract ID - 886 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adam, Barbara PY - 2010 TI - History of the future: Paradoxes and challenges SP - 361 - 378 JF - Rethinking History: The Journal of Theory and Practice VL - 14 IS - 3 N1 - History of the future: Paradoxes and challenges N1 - relevant author search KW - Future Action method: dynamic rather than static History Futurity social theory Relevance: 2 open future open past future orientation imagined futures Agency time as missing element Methodology critique of discipline Adam what is not yet N2 - Social action is performed in the temporal domain of open and fluid pasts and futures. It is both mindful of the recoverable and lived past and projectively oriented towards an intangible future. It sets processes in motion that ripple through the entire system, across space and time, to eventually emerge as facts. This futurity of action tends to get lost in analyses that concentrate primarily on empirically accessible, factual outcomes of plans, decisions, hopes and fears. To encompass this ‘not yet’ as the central component in the production of social facts requires historical knowledge of the future. The paper presents a broad-brush analysis of changing approaches to the future and ends with reflections on necessary changes to the logic of social inquiry in order that social futurity may be accorded its appropriate place in the study of social life. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13642529.2010.482790 ID - 189 ER - TY - ELEC AU - Adam, Barbara AU - Groves, Chris AU - Soyinka, Bambo PY - 2006 TI - In Pursuit of the Future N1 - Cardiff PB - Cardiff University Y2 - 28th August 2011, 2011 N1 - In Pursuit of the Future Y2 - 28th August 2011 KW - futurity Adam future imagined futures Technology long-term perspectives Unpredictibility temporally extended responsibilities knowledge ethics Responsibility future generations generations social time philosophy social theory future orientation environment Relevance: 2 policy N2 - The Project ::Creating Futures Societies are developing and investing in technological and scientific innovations that have ever longer-term consequences for human and non-human life. Current future-producing practices include biotechnologies, nanotechnologies, and nuclear technologies. Such developments unleash futures that we cannot predict, and set in motion processes that will affect untold generations to come. :: Knowing Futures So there is a disjunction between what we do, and what we can know; while we design and implement new technologies, we cannot know their future consequences. Predictions and foresight methods used in formulating policy rely on scientific prediction, which builds up models of the future based on knowledge of the past. Where innovative technologies operating in contexts of complexity are concerned, this approach cannot help us. ::Minding Futures This disjunction between knowing and doing creates a context for irresponsibility, in which all responsibility for that which cannot be seen, traced or detected in the present becomes displaced, and externalised for future generations to bear. This project aims to address this contemporary disjunction between technological capacity and human understanding, together with the ethical problems it creates. The research brings together isolated fields of enquiry in theory, practice, and ethics, and works towards a comprehensive, socially relevant theory of the future. In its first, main phase, the project is primarily focused on theoretical matters, such as how the future is known, theorized, conceptualized and minded across diverse academic fields and sectors. Accordingly, the main sources are philosophy and social theory. The first series of questions guiding our research are as follows: How is the future theorised across diverse fields of knowledge? What are present and past means to ‘know’ the future? How is the future implicated in social science practice? What ethical approaches to long-term responsibility for the outcomes of current actions are available? In the project’s second phase, the focus shifts to more practical areas of inquiry. The second series of questions are as follows: How is daily life oriented towards the future: economically, environmentally, scientifically, religiously and politically? How are aspirations actualised? How is the future produced in daily practice? More specifically, the research focuses on socio-environmental matters and the increasing gulf between the capacity to create damaging long-term futures and the inability to predict long-term impacts. In this part of the research programme, we are concerned directly with practical matters of accountability and responsibility in contexts of uncertainty. Some overarching questions related to ethical responses to futures in the making are as follows: How are unintended consequences handled economically, politically and scientifically? How are participants in the various domains of social practice held accountable and responsible for future outcomes of their actions? What conditions and circumstances exempt persons from being held accountable and responsible for future outcomes of their actions? UR - www.cardiff.ac.uk/socsi/futures/index.html ID - 624 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Adesanmi, Pius PY - 2004 TI - Of Postcolonial Entanglement and Durée: Reflections on the Francophone African Novel SP - 227-242 JF - Comparative Literature VL - 56 IS - 3 SN - 00104124 N1 - Of Postcolonial Entanglement and Durée: Reflections on the Francophone African Novel N1 - ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: Summer, 2004 / Copyright © 2004 University of Oregon KW - literary theory postcolonialism Bergson Africa hope open future imagined futures absence of future perception of time Development time as symbolic time as tool for political legitimation continuity over time Method: dynamic rather than static invention of tradition What might have been Relevance: 2 Literature Postcolonialism Past in the present history heritage shared past Shared future inclusion/exclusion homogenising present agency N2 - Abstract not available - Introduction: Afropessimism and temporality One fundamental consequence of the tragic failure of the postcolonial nationstate in Africa has been the elaboration of discursive positions underpinned by sentiments of despair and hopelessness. With one developmentalist thesis after another crumbling under the weight of civil wars, famine, poverty, social inertia, and political stasis, it has become the norm in various Africanist disciplines to homogenize the continent's postcolonial space as one uniform site of dysfunctionality.' Underpinning the reasons often proffered for this pervasive Afropessimism is the belief that "the African condition"2 can only be understood from the perspective of what Simon Gikandi calls "the schemata of difference" (455), difference, that is, from the teleological ethos of the Occident. Thus, an entire discursive symbology has evolved to place the temporal frame of the African postcolony within a largely unproblematized sign of negativity. This is the difficulty of speaking "rationally" about Africa that Achille Mbembe evokes in the introduction to On the Postcolony. In an effort to transcend both Afropessimist representations of the African condition and the Eurocentric paradigms that underlie some of them, Patrick Chabal and Jean-Pascal Daloz propose in Africa Works an analytical grid designed to reveal the "continuities in their historicity." Although their study focuses on articulations of agency in the informal infra-State contexts of African postcolonies,Chabal and Daloz are able to show that Afropessimism devolves from scholarly practices and discursive formations that are too often fixated on the tragedy of Africa's colonial past and the imperfect modernity of the nation-state it engendered. The trouble with such positions is that they often underestimate the dynamism of the present, subsuming its independent vitality within the causal instrumentality of a colonial past that is made to function as an exegetical grid for every aspect of the postcolonial condition. Chabal and Daloz, on the other hand, while acknowledging the significance of the past, do not downplay the vitality of a present marked by the interweaving of Africa's colonial and postcolonial realities. If the need to overcome the passe inclinations of Afropessimism also bespeaks a certain anxiety regarding temporality, as one clearly sees in Africa Works, it is because every attempt to privilege what Fredric Jameson calls "the ontology of the present" (215) carries the risk of unsettling altogether the authority of the African past. That is, if, asJameson suggests, "ontologies of the present demand archeologies of the future, not forecasts of the past"-the reference to Edouard Glissant's well-known notion of vision prophitique du passe ("the prophetic vision of the past") (227) is obvious-what then happens to the past of subject peoples, a past that requires precisely the sort of creative engagement that Jameson dismisses? How does one proceed to valorize this past without making the present its prisoner? This dilemma was largely responsible for the initially lukewarm attitude of African (ist) scholarship to postcolonial theory, a body of knowledge that has never quite been able to overcome the semantic import of its problematic prefix.3 UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4125385 ID - 1027 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Agamben, Giorgio PY - 1993 BT - The Coming Community CY - Minneapolis PB - University of Minnesota N1 - Hardt, Michael N1 - The Coming Community KW - Philosophy Continental Philosophy non-homogeneous community identity futurity ethics Relevance: 2 Agamben belonging cinema theology Religion Heidegger Jean-Luc Nancy christianity N2 - Unquestionably an influential thinker in Italy today, Giorgio Agamben has contributed to some of the most vital philosophical debates of our time. "The Coming Community" is an indispensable addition to the body of his work. How can we conceive a human community that lays no claim to identity - being American, being Muslim, being communist? How can a community be formed of singularities that refuse any criteria of belonging? Agamben draws on an eclectic and exciting set of sources to explore the status of human subjectivities outside of general identity. From St Thomas' analysis of halos to a stocking commercial shown in French cinemas, and from the Talmud's warning about entering paradise to the power of the multitude in Tiananmen Square, Agamben tracks down the singular subjectivity that is coming in the contemporary world and shaping the world to come. Agamben develops the concept of community and the social implications of his philosophical thought. "The Coming Community" offers both a philosophical mediation and the beginnings of a new foundation for ethics, one grounded beyond subjectivity, ideology, and the concepts of good and evil. Agamben's exploration is, in part, a contemporary and creative response to the work of Heidegger, Wittgenstein, Blanchot, Jean-Luc Nancy, and, more historically, Plato, Spinoza, and medieval scholars and theorists of Judeo-Christian scriptures. This volume is the first in a new series that encourages transdisciplinary exploration and destabilizes traditional boundaries between disciplines, nations, genders, races, humans, and machines. Giorgio Agamben currently teaches philosophy at the College International de Philosophie in Paris and at the University of Macerata (Italy). He is the author of "Language and Death" (Minnesota, 1991) and "Stanzas" (Minnesota, 1992). This book is intended for those in the fields of cultural theory, literary theory, philosophy. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=6ekx1dg4nSgC ID - 331 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Agamben, Giorgio PY - 1993 BT - Infancy and History: The Destruction of Experience ED - Agamben, Giorgio CT - Time and History: Critique of the Instant and the Continuum CY - London PB - Verso SP - 91-105 N1 - Heron, Liz N1 - Time and History: Critique of the Instant and the Continuum KW - Knowledge History Critical temporalities Benjamin Philosophy Continental Philosophy Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 social change changing perceptions of time modernity communities in crisis Adorno Agamben Anthropology Husserl Kant Hegel Marxism N2 - Book description: How and why did experience and knowledge become separated? Is it possible to talk of an infancy of experience, a "dumb" experience? For Walter Benjamin, the "poverty of experience" was a characteristic of modernity, originating in the catastrophe of the First World War. For Giorgio Agamben, the Italian editor of Benjamin's complete works, the destruction of experience no longer needs catastrophes: daily life in any modern city will suffice. Agamben's profound and radical exploration of language, infancy, and everyday life traces concepts of experience through Kant, Hegel, Husserl and Benveniste. In doing so he elaborates a theory of infancy that throws new light on a number of major themes in contemporary thought: the anthropological opposition between nature and culture; the linguistic opposition between speech and language; the birth of the subject and the appearance of the unconscious. Agamben goes on to consider time and history; the Marxist notion of base and superstructure (via a careful reading of the famous Adorno-Benjamin correspondence on Baudelaire's Paris); and the difference between rituals and games. Beautifully written, erudite and provocative, these essays will be of great interest to students of philosophy, linguistics, anthropology and politics. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=lBMXZh-w_0YC ID - 332 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Agnew, John PY - 1996 TI - Time into Space: The Myth of 'Backward' Italy in Modern Europe SP - 27-45 JF - Time & Society VL - 5 IS - 1 N1 - Time into Space: The Myth of 'Backward' Italy in Modern Europe N1 - 10.1177/0961463X96005001002 KW - Italy Europe temporal distancing social time Method: dynamic rather than static time and space history Anthropology Coevalness Relevance: 2 time as missing element community development time as symbolic resource N2 - The understanding of the social character of time and space has suffered from the tendency to express one in terms of the other. Time has thus lost its dynamism when reduced to such two-fold categorizations of space as `backward' and `modern'. As a result, space is oversimplified into homogeneous blocks that have ideal-type temporal characteristics. This paper offers one view of how this has happened historically. The pervasiveness of the expression of time into space is then illustrated through an examination of some representations of Italy in contemporary historical and anthropological scholarship. A particular metaphor - that of backward Italy in modern Europe - has acquired mythic status in explaining the `nature' of Italy. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/5/1/27.abstract ID - 875 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ahmed, Amr AU - Xing, Eric PY - 2009 TI - Recovering time-varying networks of dependencies in social and biological studies SP - 11878-11883 JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences VL - 106 IS - 29 SN - 1091-6490 N1 - Recovering time-varying networks of dependencies in social and biological studies KW - method: dynamic rather than static method: social network analysis methodology method: longitudinal analysis Relevance: 3 networks N2 - A plausible representation of the relational information among entities in dynamic systems such as a living cell or a social community is a stochastic network that is topologically rewiring and semantically evolving over time. Although there is a rich literature in modeling static or temporally invariant networks, little has been done toward recovering the network structure when the networks are not observable in a dynamic context. In this article, we present a machine learning method called TESLA, which builds on a temporally smoothed l1-regularized logistic regression formalism that can be cast as a standard convex-optimization problem and solved efficiently by using generic solvers scalable to large networks. We report promising results on recovering simulated time-varying networks and on reverse engineering the latent sequence of temporally rewiring political and academic social networks from longitudinal data, and the evolving gene networks over >4,000 genes during the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster from a microarray time course at a resolution limited only by sample frequency. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0901910106 ID - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Airaksinen, Timo PY - 1985 TI - Social Time and Place SP - 99-105 JF - Man and World VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0025-1534 N1 - Social Time and Place KW - Philosophy social time in/commensurability between times Phenomenology Continental Philosophy ethics Method: dynamic rather than static social change Relevance: 3 normativity cultural variants of time values asynchrony epistemology N2 - The degree of inherent relativism in normative ideas ranges from that of the ideas of ethics to that of the ideas of epistemology and science. Ideas like competence, justification, validity, acceptability and value are employed in the evaluation and in the prescription of conduct and of epistemic decisions. However, no such idea is persistent through changes of its cultural background. This is what we call cultural relativism. Questions about cultural relativism should be distinguished from questions about whether some normative arguments are valid in such an ultimate truth-resembling sense that they are immune to change. That might be the case; nevertheless, the phenomenology of normative belief does not show any constancy but, on the contrary, a complicated pattern of flux around some ever recurring fuzzy pivot points. My purpose is to study moral relativism, in the broad sense of the term "moral," emphasizing the relation of moral judgments to time and place, and especially to social time and place. I shall try to argue that without considering time and changes in time there is no relevant apparent change. My thesis is as follows: Moral ideas are seen as changing constantly and as displaying a noticeable variety between different cultures and periods of history. This phenomenology is not self-evident. Its emergence implies two necessary conditions: (1)The observer's point of view must be taken, by him, to be the present time, between the past and the future, and (2) it must also be taken, by him to be one of several actually existing simultaneous places. The first condition allows one to understand cultural and moral change, and the second to see the existence of change and diversity in these matters. UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/p185022424117377/ ID - 801 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Akyol, Zehra AU - Garrison, D. Randy PY - 2008 TI - The Development of a Community of Inquiry over Time in an Online Course: Understanding the Progression and Integration of Social, Cognitive and Teaching Presence SP - 3-22 JF - Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks VL - 12 IS - 3-4 N1 - The Development of a Community of Inquiry over Time in an Online Course: Understanding the Progression and Integration of Social, Cognitive and Teaching Presence N1 - google scholar KW - education Asynchrony synchronicity method: textual analysis method: surveys communities of practice online communities Relevance: 3 change over time presence The internet N2 - The purpose of this study was to explore the dynamics of an online educational experience through the lens of the Community of Inquiry framework. Transcript analysis of online discussion postings and the Community of Inquiry survey were applied to understand the progression and integration of each of the Community of Inquiry presences. The results indicated significant change in teaching and social presence categories over time. Moreover, survey results yielded significant relationships among teaching presence, cognitive presence and social presence, and students' perceived learning and satisfaction in the course. The findings have important implications theoretically in terms of confirming the framework and practically by identifying the dynamics of each of the presences and their association with perceived learning and satisfaction. UR - http://sloanconsortium.org/sites/default/files/v12n3_akyol_0.pdf http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ837483 ID - 111 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Alexander, H.G. PY - 1998 TI - The Leibniz-Clarke correspondence: together with extracts from Newton's Principia and Optics CY - Manchester and New York PB - Manchester University Press N1 - The Leibniz-Clarke correspondence: together with extracts from Newton's Principia and Optics KW - Philosophy Newton Leibniz science technology Relevance: 3 conceptions of time changing perceptions of time Relativity Theory physical time physics N2 - In 1715 Leibniz wrote to his friend the Princess of Wales to warn her of the dangers Newton's philosophy posed for natural religion. Seizing this chance of initiating an exchange between two of the greatest minds in Europe, the princess showed his letter to the eminent Newtonian scientist and natural theologian, Samuel Clarke. From his reply developed an exchange of papers which was published in 1717. The correspondence was immediately seen as a crucial discussion of the significance of the new science, and it became one of the most widely read philosophical works of its time. Kant developed his theory of space and time from the problems at issue, and the post-Newtonian physics of the twentieth century has brought a revival of interest in Leibniz's objections: some of the problems are still not finally resolved. In this edition an introduction outlines the historical background, and there is a valuable survey of the subsequent discussions of the problem of space and time in the philosophy of science. Significant references to the controversy in Leibniz's other correspondence have also been collected, and the relevant passages from Newton's Principiaand Opticksare appended UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=MXq7AAAAIAAJ ID - 463 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Alexander, J. Neil PY - 1990 TI - Time and Community. Studies in Liturgical History and Theology. In Honor of Thomas Julian Talley T3 - NPM Studies in Church Music and Liturgy CY - Washington, DC PB - The Pastoral Press N1 - Time and Community. Studies in Liturgical History and Theology. In Honor of Thomas Julian Talley SN - 0022-5185 AN - WOS:A1991GL49800099 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Relevance: 3 Religion Commemorative events social time Theology history ritual music N2 - Not available - from book review This Festschrift has been produced to mark the retirement of Thomas Talley from the post of Professor of Liturgies at General Theological Seminary, New York. Talley is probably best known in Britain for his history of the Church Year, but has also contributed many other scholarly studies on the early history of the liturgy that have put liturgical scholars everywhere in his debt. The articles in this volume are divided into three sections; on Liturgical Time, Liturgical History, and Liturgical Theology. UR - http://jts.oxfordjournals.org/content/42/2/821.full.pdf+html - book review ID - 997 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Alexander, M. Jacqui PY - 2005 BT - Pedagogies of Crossing: Meditations on Feminism, Sexual Politics, Memory and the Sacred CY - Durham, NC PB - Duke University Press N1 - Pedagogies of Crossing: Meditations on Feminism, Sexual Politics, Memory and the Sacred KW - feminism; Sexuality; Memory; Religion; Queer theory; Colonialism; economics; race; modernity; spirituality; history; USA; Mexico; Canada; liberalism; Generations; non-homogeneous community; Critical temporalities; Relevance: 2; Transnational; feminist theory; Western imperialism; invention of tradition; Generations; imagined futures; carribean; liberalism; political economy; Social justice; politics N2 - M. Jacqui Alexander is one of the most important theorists of transnational feminism working today. Pedagogies of Crossing brings together essays she has written over the past decade, uniting her incisive critiques, which have had such a profound impact on feminist, queer, and critical race theories, with some of her more recent work. In this landmark interdisciplinary volume, Alexander points to a number of critical imperatives made all the more urgent by contemporary manifestations of neoimperialism and neocolonialism. Among these are the need for North American feminism and queer studies to take up transnational frameworks that foreground questions of colonialism, political economy, and racial formation; for a thorough re-conceptualization of modernity to account for the heteronormative regulatory practices of modern state formations; and for feminists to wrestle with the spiritual dimensions of experience and the meaning of sacred subjectivity. In these meditations, Alexander deftly unites large, often contradictory, historical processes across time and space. She focuses on the criminalization of queer communities in both the United States and the Caribbean in ways that prompt us to rethink how modernity invents its own traditions; she juxtaposes the political organizing and consciousness of women workers in global factories in Mexico, the Caribbean, and Canada with the pressing need for those in the academic factory to teach for social justice; she reflects on the limits and failures of liberal pluralism; and she presents original and compelling arguments that show how and why transgenerational memory is an indispensable spiritual practice within differently constituted women-of-color communities as it operates as a powerful antidote to oppression. In this multifaceted, visionary book, Alexander maps the terrain of alternative histories and offers new forms of knowledge with which to mold alternative futures. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=CPOsdSkUGZcC ID - 947 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allan, Barbara PY - 2007 TI - Time to learn? E-learners' experiences of time in virtual learning communities SP - 557-572 N1 - Nov JF - Management Learning VL - 38 IS - 5 SN - 1350-5076 N1 - Time to learn? E-learners' experiences of time in virtual learning communities AN - ISI:000251453900005 M3 - 10.1177/1350507607083207 KW - education online communities communities of practice Management Asynchrony temporal conflict Perception of time time management Relevance: 2 orientation within time The internet N2 - This article argues that professional development mediated by a virtual learning community produces new temporal challenges for learners. The study explores the experiences of e-learners using a multi-method approach that includes time vision and metaphor analysis. The results suggest that e-learners develop and use different approaches to time, and this is linked to aspects of different time visions. Further, some e-learners reconstruct their approaches to time management at an early stage in their virtual experiences. They engage in reflective commentaries in their virtual learning communities and this helps them to adjust to the time demands of e-learning. This process of adaptation and change is reflected in the metaphors used by e-learners. It is proposed that if the issues of time are explored with newcomers to e-learning, as part of the explicit curriculum, then this will help e-learners benefit from the flexibility inherent in virtual learning communities. UR - http://www.voced.edu.au/content/ngv34056 ID - 829 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allen, Catherine J. PY - 1984 TI - Patterned Time, The Mythic History of a Peruvian Community SP - 151-173 JF - Journal of Latin American Lore VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0360-1927 N1 - Patterned Time, The Mythic History of a Peruvian Community AN - WOS:A1984AMX9800002 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Peru Latin America Method: ethnography anthropology history myth Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 42 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allen, Catherine J. PY - 1993-1994 TI - Time, Place and Narrative in an Andean Community SP - 89-95 JF - SOCIÉTÉ SUISSE DES AMÉRICANISTES Bulletin VL - 57-58 N1 - Time, Place and Narrative in an Andean Community N1 - Google Scholar KW - Peru Latin America narrative environment Perception of time time and space social time Relevance: 2 time as symbolic resource meaning indigenous peoples N2 - None available - from the text: "In this paper I will explore the inter-relationship between place, time and narrative in an Andean community in order to better understand how contemporary Quechua-speaking peasants interpret their rugged environment. When people talk about the way things happen, they reveal an experience of time. Understanding a narrative tradition requires sensitivity to the experience of time that narrators themselves takes for granted. In teh pages that follow I will explore the expression of temporality implicit in the narrative tradition of a small Quechua-speaking community in the highlands of southern Peru. Specifically, I will concentrate on the indigenous classification of these narratives into 'genres', and show that it is based on a concept of 'time, which is also localised and inseparable from 'place'. UR - http://www.ssa-sag.ch/bssa/pdf/bssa57-58_08.pdf ID - 125 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allen, Nathaniel PY - 2000 TI - The Times They Are A-Changing: The Influence of Railroad Technology on the Adoption of Standard Time Zones in 1883 SP - 241-256 JF - The History Teacher VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 00182745 N1 - The Times They Are A-Changing: The Influence of Railroad Technology on the Adoption of Standard Time Zones in 1883 KW - History education technology transport technologies Standardisation Changing perceptions of time industrialisation Relevance: 2 history of changing perceptions of time time zones N2 - Presents the story of the role railroad technology had in the adoption of Standard Time Zones in 1883 and also considers the influence of astronomers at the time. Includes the map of the standard railway time used by W. F. Allen and an annotated bibliography with primary and secondary sources. THE STORY OF THE ADOPTION of Standard Time in 1883 is an excellent example of what Henry Adams was describing in 1907 when he spoke of the impact of railroad technology after the Civil War. This story is not well known, but it illustrates how technology created new problems, caused people to view their world differently, and led to changes in everyday life that were unexpected then, and are taken for granted today. The growth of the railroads created a new time keeping problem, and it was the railroad companies that played the biggest part in solving this problem UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/494972 ID - 595 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allen, Thomas PY - 2005 TI - Clockwork Nation: Modern Time, Moral Perfectionism and American Identity in Catharine Beecher and Henry Thoreau SP - 65-86 JF - Journal of American Studies VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 00218758 N1 - Clockwork Nation: Modern Time, Moral Perfectionism and American Identity in Catharine Beecher and Henry Thoreau KW - modernity ethics USA Thoreau Technology Changing perceptions of time Market time Multiple temporalities clock time Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 coordinating between different times time as resource Asynchrony temporal complexity past in the present Morality counter modernity capitalism N2 - Abstract not available - from the article's intro: The present essay seeks to rethink this assumption about the relationship between technology and human actors in the creation of modern social and political worlds by uncovering some of the dissonant, heterogeneous ways individuals employed and remade time in the United States in the mid nineteenth century. Charles Sellers points to the changing significance of time for Americans in this period when he describes a ‘‘new calculus ’’ taking hold in which ‘‘countable time-units of alienated labor’’ could be exchanged for ‘‘countable money-units of capital...However, as the two quotations serving as epigraphs to this essay suggest, many of America’s social and political thinkers in this protean period embraced market-oriented temporality only by imbricating it upon other forms of temporal experience, refusing to relegate those other forms to ‘‘premodern’’ oblivion, and in the process infusing the time of the market with values extrinsic to the demands of capitalist money-making. While clock time was central to the way Americans experienced the market revolution, it was also subject to trenchant contestation and creative appropriation by individuals who sought to play active roles in shaping the norms and values of the social world emerging along with the market.... Catharine Beecher and Henry Thoreau are important exemplars of this phenomenon not because they represent all of the thinking about time, capitalism, and modernity in the period, but because they illustrate one important strand of such thinking: the effort to envision a modern world committed not to economic or technological rationalism but instead to moral perfectionism. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/27557597 ID - 585 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Allen, Thomas M. PY - 2008 BT - A Republic in Time: Temporality and Social Imagination in Nineteenth-Century America CY - Chapel Hill, NC PB - University of North Carolina Press N1 - A Republic in Time: Temporality and Social Imagination in Nineteenth-Century America KW - USA national time history Temporal vs spatial communities imagined futures perception of time experiential time democracy nationalism historical time deep time Chronology clock time technology Relevance: 2 time as missing element imagined futures Shared future changing perceptions of time time reckoning N2 - The development of the American nation has typically been interpreted in terms of its expansion through space, specifically its growth westward. In this innovative study, Thomas Allen posits time, not space, as the most significant territory of the young nation. He argues that beginning in the nineteenth century, the actual geography of the nation became less important, as Americans imagined the future as their true national territory. Allen explores how transformations in the perception of time shaped American conceptions of democratic society and modern nationhood. He focuses on three ways of imagining time: the romantic historical time that prevailed at the outset of the nineteenth century, the geological "deep time" that arose as widely read scientific works displaced biblical chronology with a new scale of millions of years of natural history, and the technology-driven "clock time" that became central to American culture by century's end. Allen analyzes cultural artifacts ranging from clocks and scientific treatises to paintings and literary narratives to show how Americans made use of these diverse ideas about time to create competing visions of American nationhood. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=H-yWQXezUVgC ID - 574 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Allenmand, Edward PY - 1975 TI - Quelques Aspects De La Theorie De La Conscience Selon Royce En Relation Avec Sa Philosophie Sociale SP - 34-55 JF - Revue Philosophique de Louvain VL - 73 N1 - Quelques Aspects De La Theorie De La Conscience Selon Royce En Relation Avec Sa Philosophie Sociale N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Josiah Royce Religion Relevance: 2 Philosophy phenomenology Pragmatism christianity perception of time N2 - Josiah Royce admitted that he had been preoccupied with the problem of the community during his entire philosophical career. the question, therefore, of the development of the social consciousness is central to royce's thought. the present article is an attempt at a kind of phenomenology of the growth of the social consciousness in the works where he explicitly treats of the subject. these consist in a number of significant articles of his early career, in his last work "the problem of christianity" and in an article written for the "encyclopedia of religion and ethics". the early articles develop the emergence of the social consciousness in dialectical relationship with individual consciousness. "the problem of christianity" completes the treatment by an analysis of time consciousness and the notion of interpretation, as foundations of the community. UR - http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/phlou_0035-3841_1975_num_73_17_5826 ID - 163 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alonso, Ana María PY - 1988 TI - The Effects of Truth: Representations of the Past and the Imagining of Community SP - 33-57 JF - Journal of the History of Society VL - 1 IS - 1 N1 - The Effects of Truth: Representations of the Past and the Imagining of Community KW - history memory imagined pasts Collective memory time as symbolic resource time as tool for political legitimation Mexico nationalism Relevance: 1 meaning past in the present N2 - Social memory is integral to the creation of social meaning; representations of the past are central to the symbolic constitution of social groups and social identities. This paper examines the production of effects of truth and power in both official and popular historical discourses in Mexico and demonstrates how representations of the past configure the imagining of community (social memory; official/popular historical discourses; nationalism: revolution; hegemony; Mexico). UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-6443.1988.tb00003.x/abstract ID - 1013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alonso, Ana María PY - 1994 TI - The Politics of Space, Time and Substance: State Formation, Nationalism and Ethnicity SP - 379-405 JF - Annual Review of Anthropology VL - 23 SN - 00846570 N1 - The Politics of Space, Time and Substance: State Formation, Nationalism and Ethnicity KW - nationalism politics Anthropology ethnicity political time Relevance: 2 conceptions of time time as symbolic resource Assumptions about time obscuring x N2 - Not available - from intro: What is the relationship between common sense categories of experience and the analytical concepts developed in order to understand the processes that produce such categories and effect their take-for-grantedness? This question is crucial for those working on nationalism, ethnicity, and state formation. Much of the misplaced concreteness that bedevils this scholarship results from an uncritical reproduction of common sesnse that poses intellectual as well as political problems UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2156019 ID - 270 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Al-Saji, Alia PY - 2001 TI - Merleau-Ponty and Bergson: Bodies of expression and temporalities in the flesh SP - 110 JF - Philosophy Today VL - 45 IS - 5 N1 - Merleau-Ponty and Bergson: Bodies of expression and temporalities in the flesh KW - Bergson Merleau-Ponty Continental Philosophy Phenomenology Philosophy Embodiment intersubjectivity Difference relevance: 3 N2 - Al-Saji explores how the question of difference, within and between bodies, becomes central to Maurice Merleau-Ponty's later work. In his later work, Merleau-Ponty draws on Bergson's ideas of duration and intuition to address the question of difference, as he criticizes the philosophy of essences of eidetic phenomenology. According to AI-Saji, Bergsonian intuition, understood as active and attentive attunement, provides the later Merleau-Ponty with the basis for a philosophy of intersubjectivity and difference. UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=156628051&Fmt=7&clientId=25620&RQT=309&VName=PQD ID - 333 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Altmann, Stuart A. PY - 1974 TI - Baboons, Space, Time, and Energy SP - 221-248 JF - American Zoologist VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 00031569 N1 - Baboons, Space, Time, and Energy KW - Animals Africa Sequence time use method: time-use data Relevance: 3 ecological communities N2 - How are social organization and ecology related to each other? Yellow baboons, hamadryas baboons, and gelada monkeys are all large, terrestrial African primates, but they have three different patterns of social organization, and they live in three, markedly different habitats: savannah, steppe-desert, and alpine heather-meadowland, respectively. An attempt is made to provide testable hypotheses and heuristic principles that can relate these two classes of phenomena. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3881985 ID - 701 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Alwin, Duane F. PY - 1995 BT - Examining lives in context: Perspectives on the ecology of human development ED - Moen, Phyllis ED - Elder, Glen H., Jr. ED - Lüscher, Kurt CT - Taking time seriously: Studying social change, social structure, and human lives. CY - Washington, DC PB - American Psychological Association N1 - Taking time seriously: Studying social change, social structure, and human lives. KW - Psychology Method: dynamic rather than static social Change methodology historical time life course Relevance: 2 social structure time as missing element Sociology N2 - in the spirit of C. Mills's [1959] "dynamic" perspective on the link between individual personalities and social structure [the author discusses] several issues that come up in the consideration of the study of human lives, which are also relevant to the study of the relation between society and the individual, or what sociologists refer to as social structure and personality / [discusses] the problems with the way in which the relationship between personality and social structure is often conceptualized / [considers] some advantages of conceptualizing this relationship in dynamic rather than static terms, and in doing so, [the author argues] that changes in both biographical and historical time must be specified in our conceptualization of factors that influence human development, if the link between the person and society is to be understood propose an approach to studying 1 aspect of the link between person and society through the specification of trajectories of molar stability across the life span / although the application of this framework to preadult development is of crucial importance, [the author's] eventual focus in this chapter is on issues of continuity and stability of individual differences in adult development UR - http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1995-98394-000/ ID - 1034 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Amanor, Kojo S. AU - Pabi, Opoku PY - 2007 TI - Space, Time, Rhetoric and Agricultural Change in the Transition Zone of Ghana SP - 51-67 JF - Human Ecology VL - 35 IS - 1 SN - 03007839 N1 - Space, Time, Rhetoric and Agricultural Change in the Transition Zone of Ghana KW - agriculture food Anthropology history change over time Multiple temporalities economics globalisation development Relevance: 3 Assumptions about time obscuring x time and space Africa industrialisation social change Modernization rhetoric N2 - This paper examines change within farming systems in the Brong Ahafo Region in Ghana, and the impact of agricultural modernization and mechanization on the regional economy and local farming systems. It combines anthropological, historical, and remote sensing techniques to document changes in farming practice and land use and land cover. It argues that change is not the product of simple evolutionary sequences of responses to population pressures or adoption of modern technologies, but arises out of a complex set of factors interacting within wider regional economies, which are increasingly commodified and commercialized and subject to global market pressures. These include technical, institutional, market, movements of labor, and transport infrastructure development dimensions, which often create new opportunities for local farmers other than those envisaged in agricultural development policies. Tracing the opening up of the transition zone over the last 40—50 years through the development of state farms and mechanized synthetic agriculture, the paper examines the changing fortunes of farming systems within a radius of 30—40 km from agricultural technology hubs and the implications for models of agricultural development. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/27654169 ID - 308 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Aminzade, Ronald PY - 1992 TI - Historical Sociology and Time SP - 456-480 N1 - May 1, 1992 JF - Sociological Methods & Research VL - 20 IS - 4 N1 - Historical Sociology and Time M3 - 10.1177/0049124192020004003 KW - sociology Method: dynamic rather than static methodology narrative History Chronology Events Multiple temporalities action Relevance: 2 critique of discipline time as missing element Duration pace trajectories cyclical time N2 - Historical sociologists have criticized their discipline for a tendency to ignore the temporal dimensions of social life, either by studying the correlates of outcomes rather than the character of temporally connected events or by treating events as surface manifestations of large-scale and long-term processes of change. These critiques have led to a reassessment of the value of narratives and to new methods for mapping historical sequences of events. Yet there has been relatively little discussion of the concepts needed to create a more event-centered historical sociology. This article explores the way in which four different concepts of time-duration, pace, trajectory, and cycle-have been used in recent historical social science. These concepts allow one to analyze the temporal characteristics of connected events that constitute long-term historical processes as well as the way in which actors understand and experience the temporal flow of events. They are most useful, the author argues when employed in a manner that is attentive to the understandings of social actors and the problematic reconstruction of the past. These concepts constitute building blocks for the construction of a more event-centered historical sociology. UR - http://smr.sagepub.com/content/20/4/456.abstract ID - 334 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Anderson, Benedict PY - 1991 BT - Imagined communities : reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism CY - London PB - Verso VL - Revised N1 - Imagined communities : reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism KW - nationalism Synchronicity Shared present Relevance: 1 capitalism Colonialism national time belonging homogenising present Territory technology Benjamin western imperialism Anderson changing perceptions of time N2 - What makes people love and die for nations, as well as hate and kill in their name? While many studies have been written on nationalist political movements, the sense of nationality - the personal and cultural feeling of belonging to the nation - has not received proportionate attention. In this widely acclaimed work, Benedict Anderson examines the creation and global spread of the 'imagined communities' of nationality. Anderson explores the processes that created these communities: the territorialisation of religious faiths, the decline of antique kingship, the interaction between capitalism and print, the development of vernacular languages-of-state, and changing conceptions of time. He shows how an originary nationalism born in the Americas was modularly adopted by popular movements in Europe, by the imperialist powers, and by the anti-imperialist resistances in Asia and Africa. This revised edition includes two new chapters, one of which discusses the complex role of the colonialist state's mindset in the development of Third World nationalism, while the other analyses the processes by which all over the world, nations came to imagine themselves as old. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=nQ9jXXJV-vgC ID - 335 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Anderson, Walter Truett PY - 1999 TI - Communities in a world of open systems SP - 457-463 JF - Futures VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0016-3287 N1 - Communities in a world of open systems M3 - Doi: 10.1016/s0016-3287(99)00005-1 KW - temporal vs spatial communities online communities Relevance: 3 Mobility across communities community stability Technology media Synchronicity Shared present communication globalisation changing perceptions of time future studies the internet N2 - In the past, communities tended to be closed systems with relatively clear boundaries, stable memberships, and few linkages to other communities. We are now entering into an [`]age of open systems.' Mobility creates new communities and kinds of communities. The impacts of mobility are far less than those of information and communications technology. Cyberspace has become a new kind of social terrain, crowded with [`]virtual communities.' Television and radio create communities of people thinking and talking about the same things. Both mobility and the growth of communications networks reduce the predominance of geography as a force in shaping community. Many communities are much more fluid, and some are placeless. There are many different kinds of social groups and networks that people describe with the word [`]community.' Most people are multi-community individuals, with many memberships, and many kinds of memberships. Although the world's major religions still have some historic identification with specific regions, those geographic attachments are no longer as clear as they once were, and these religions are tending to become open systems. Some people prefer relatively closed social systems, while others flourish in freer environments. Choice is one of the most powerful forces in the lives of people being exposed to the forces of globalization. Community will continue to be a profound human need but will be redefined, perhaps many times over. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V65-3W7XBBH-4/2/d46252acc1226775f2406fa7bf48d5f4 ID - 969 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Andresen, Kim PY - 2002 TI - Installation art: a community through time SP - 18-21 JF - Artichoke VL - 14 IS - 3 N1 - Installation art: a community through time N1 - Illumina KW - art Canada Continuity over time Relevance: 4 N2 - Discusses art installation works created by Calgary-based artists. The author notes the international prominence of artists such as Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller, examines why artists such as Shelley Ouellet and Laura Vickerson are interested in the installation medium, and focuses on the installation 'Billy's Vision' (2001; illus.) at the Walter Phillips Gallery (13 Oct.-25 Nov. 2001) by the Canadian artist Andrew Hunter. UR - not available ID - 104 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ang, Ien PY - 2001 TI - Intertwining Histories: Heritage and Diversity SP - not paginated JF - Australian Humanities Review VL - 24 N1 - Intertwining Histories: Heritage and Diversity KW - history Australia the Netherlands Europe Indonesia Asia europe Multiple heritages Heritage Difference Relevance: 2 cultural studies Heritage sites Shared future cultural diversity archives Method: archives N2 - Not available - from the article: Heritage is more than simply the things we preserve from the past, whether these be old buildings, historic sites or the stories about the past which we wish to document and conserve for posterity. While this is the most common empirical definition of heritage, the significance of what we consider our heritage is much more profound than what we can find in local history museums, through oral histories and the like, as important and valuable as these are. It is also much more than the business of the so-called heritage industry, which generally thrives on a rather superficial and sentimental exploitation of nostalgia. The meaning of heritage is profoundly symbolic: how and what we value in the past says something about how we see ourselves as a community today and how we project ourselves into the future. Here, I wish to hold on to this broader, more ethical and visionary conception of heritage – one that can help us to come to terms with the complex legacies of this nation's brief but increasingly contested history. UR - http://www.australianhumanitiesreview.org/archive/Issue-December-2001/ang.html ID - 336 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ansell, N. AU - van Blerk, L. AU - Hajdu, F. AU - Robson, E. PY - 2011 TI - Spaces, times, and critical moments: a relational time - space analysis of the impacts of AIDS on rural youth in Malawi and Lesotho SP - 525-544 JF - Environment and Planning A VL - 43 IS - 3 N1 - Spaces, times, and critical moments: a relational time - space analysis of the impacts of AIDS on rural youth in Malawi and Lesotho KW - time and space Malawi Africa health care Human Geography Turning points Rural communities Method: qualitative death & dying life course expectation Relevance: 2 Geography children/youth families N2 - Southern Africa's AIDS epidemic is profoundly spatially and temporally structured; so too are the lives of the young people whose families it blights. In this paper we draw on qualitative research with AIDS-affected young people in Malawi and Lesotho, and recent work theorising time-space in human geography, to examine how time - spaces of AIDS-related sickness and death intersect with the time-spaces of young people and, importantly, those of their relations with others to produce differentiated outcomes for young people. We also explore the time-spaces of those outcomes and of young people's responses to them. We conclude that a relational time-space analysis of the impacts of AIDS on young people helps explain the diversity of those young people's experiences and allows AIDS to be contextualised more adequately in relation to everyday life and young people's wider lifecourses and their relationships with others. Moreover, the research points to the significance of the time-space structuring of society in shaping the outcomes of familial sickness and death for young people. UR - http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a4363 ID - 818 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Appadurai, Arjun PY - 1981 TI - The Past as a Scarce Resource SP - 201-219 N1 - New Series JF - Man VL - 16 IS - 2 N1 - The Past as a Scarce Resource KW - Anthropology Myth methodology India Asia social change Past in the present Relevance: 2 time as symbolic resource Agency cultural variants of time normativity Unpredictibility Western imperialism Malinowski Durkheim N2 - The assumption that the past is an infinite and plastic symbolic resource, wholly susceptible to contemporary purposes, is widespread in contemporary anthropology. It is partly rooted in Malinowski's conception of myth as social charter and partly in Durkheim's formulation concerning the cross-cultural relativity of fundamental categories of human thought. This article is a critique of this assumption, and suggests the existence of culturally variable sets of norms whose function is to regulate the inherent debatability of the past. Such norms, which vary substantively from culture to culture, are nevertheless from a formal point of view subject to certain universal constraints. An example from south India is the basis for this argument, which also has implications for the theoretical analysis of social change. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2801395 ID - 337 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Appiah, Kwame Anthony PY - 1991 TI - Is the Post- in Postmodernism the Post- in Postcolonial? SP - 336-357 JF - Critical Inquiry SN - 0093-1896 N1 - Is the Post- in Postmodernism the Post- in Postcolonial? KW - Aesthetics Art Colonialism Postmodernism philosophy Method: case study postcolonialism Relevance: 3 literature asynchrony Africa N2 - I start by discussing an exhibition of African art; I then propose that in each domain where the notion "postmodern" has been applied there is "an antecedent practice that laid claim to a certain exclusivity of insight and...postmodernism is a name for the rejection of that claim to exclusivity." I suggest this rejection reflects the increasing commodification of the arts, and then argue that postcoloniality does not always involve the same sort of opposition to an antecedent practice. Finally, I explore through Yambo Ouologuem's novel, Le Devoir de Violence, the very "unpostmodern" ethical humanism of the postcolonial African novel UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1343840 ID - 320 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Athanasiou, Athena PY - 2006 TI - Bloodlines: Performing the Body of the “Demos,” Reckoning the Time of the “Ethnos” SP - 229–256 JF - Journal of Modern Greek Studies VL - 24 N1 - Bloodlines: Performing the Body of the “Demos,” Reckoning the Time of the “Ethnos” KW - nationalism Greece Europe embodiment generations Biopolitics nostalgia futurity normativity Reproductive time life course Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 politics time as symbolic resource families time as tool for managing percieved threats rhetoric political community N2 - Organized around fantasies of endangered national sovereignty, discourses of population decline bespeak a highly politicized cultural anxiety that has come to haunt individual and collective imaginaries in the public life of Greece in the 1990s. The rhetoric of biopolitics about the precarious future presents the nation as a bleeding body and an object of mournful nostalgia and affective idealization. Prompted through normative renderings of time and life, anxiety over population decrease emerges as an idiom of gendered subjectivity, a technology of governmentality, and symbolic capital of national narratives. Despite its volatility, this “truth regime,” in a Foucauldian sense, is crucially implicated in the constitution of intimate subjectivities according to the cultural intelligibility of reproductive heterosexuality, familial generationality, and national continuity; it represents, however, a code of intelligibility that is not invariably shared and is widely contested. Since the national-cultural preoccupation with the future has taken on a marked salience as a politics of the present, “time” has emerged as a flexible signifying practice, a strategic force that social actors work as much with as against, while dealing with the spectral limits of the lived temporality of the nation and their own. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_modern_greek_studies/summary/v024/24.2athanasiou.html ID - 338 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Atkinson, R. AU - Flint, J. PY - 2004 TI - Fortress UK? Gated communities, the spatial revolt of the elites and time-space trajectories of segregation SP - 875-892 JF - Housing Studies VL - 19 IS - 6 SN - 0267-3037 N1 - Fortress UK? Gated communities, the spatial revolt of the elites and time-space trajectories of segregation M3 - 10.1080/0267303042000293982 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Urban communities Multiple temporalities temporal distancing Method: case study Method: Interviews U.K. time and space policy inclusion/exclusion trajectories Relevance: 1 sociology social cohesion Method: dynamic rather than static time as tool for managing percieved threats N2 - Anecdotal evidence suggests that 'gated communities' are growing in popularity. This paper uses empirical evidence to profile the location and characteristics of gated development in England and details the relative integration of residents. The paper also attempts to think through the wider theoretical and urban policy impacts of gating. In contrast to the view that gated communities provide an extreme example of residential segregation we go further and argue that the time-space trajectories of residents suggest a dynamic pattern of separation that goes beyond the place of residence. Gated communities appear to provide an extreme example of more common attempts by other social groups to insulate against perceived risk and unwanted encounters. Patterns of what we term time-space trajectories of segregation can thereby be seen as closed linkages between key fields, such as work and home, which enable social distance to be maintained and perceived risks to be managed by elite social groups. We conclude that gated communities further extend contemporary segregatory tendencies in the city and that policy responses are required which curtail the creation of such havens of social withdrawal. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a713606146 ID - 58 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Attwood, Bain PY - 1996 TI - The Past as Future: Aborigines, Australia and the (dis)course of History SP - not paginated JF - Australian Humanities Review VL - 1 IS - April N1 - The Past as Future: Aborigines, Australia and the (dis)course of History KW - coevalness indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Australia Anthropology temporal distancing history methodology inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 past in the future N2 - not available UR - http://www.australianhumanitiesreview.org/archive/Issue-April-1996/Attwood.html ID - 339 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Auyero, Javier AU - Swistun, Débora PY - 2009 TI - Tiresias in Flammable Shantytown: Toward a Tempography of Domination SP - 1-21 JF - Sociological Forum VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 1573-7861 N1 - Tiresias in Flammable Shantytown: Toward a Tempography of Domination M3 - 10.1111/j.1573-7861.2008.01084.x KW - Argentina environment method: ethnography power anthropology poverty relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion time as symbolic resource perception of time the past The future time as missing element sociology N2 - Based on 30 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Flammable shantytown, a highly contaminated poor barrio in Argentina, this article examines the links between environmental suffering, social domination, and collective perceptions of time. We show that the ways residents think and feel about (and cope with) pollution are deeply entangled with their perceptions of the past and of the future. We thus argue that an ethnographic account of the lived experiences of contamination should also be a tempography, that is, a thick description of the vernacular sociotemporal order. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2008.01084.x ID - 2033 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Avital, Michel PY - 2000 TI - Dealing with Time in Social Inquiry: A Tension between Method and Lived Experience SP - 665-673 JF - Organization Science VL - 11 IS - 6 SN - 10477039 N1 - Dealing with Time in Social Inquiry: A Tension between Method and Lived Experience KW - social theory organisational temporalities methodology Method: Interviews Temporality of academic work Relevance: 2 time as missing element epistemology N2 - In a series of interviews, organizational researchers acknowledged the key role of time in social inquiry, and their tendency to exclude it in practice. The discrepancy between what researchers think about the incorporation of temporal factors in their research and what they actually do was explained by various pragmatic, methodological, and normative grounds, but they were not aware of other epistemological and ontological barriers related to their choice. The interviews also drew attention to a paradox that stemmed from an experience of ongoing tension between the methodologically prescribed sense of time and the experientially lived impression of time. Further analysis suggests that incorporation of time factors may significantly improve social process research. The study demonstrates that temporal elements do not merely change one's perception of a situation, but also provide a space for a richer and more meaningful interpretation by enabling an improved association of a particular event with one's personal frame of reference and lived experience. In addition, the study suggests that an awareness of the various approaches to time and the application of a consistent ontological framework to the analysis of social phenomena are likely to increase the coherence and congruity of the analysis. No particular perception of time is prescribed here. The emphasis is on self-awareness of the implications of temporalities on social phenomena and on ontological consistency in our research. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2640376 ID - 686 ER - TY - THES AU - Azzahir, Ahmad A. PY - 2001 TI - Time Dimensions and Community Development CY - Minneapolis, MN PB - International Khepran Institute., M1 - Master of Arts in the Division of Community Development N1 - Time Dimensions and Community Development KW - Development Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 138 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baert, Patrick PY - 1992 TI - Time, Reflectivity and Social Action SP - 317-327 JF - International Sociology VL - 7 IS - 3 N1 - Time, Reflectivity and Social Action N1 - 10.1177/026858092007003004 KW - action sociology unpredictibility methodology Method: dynamic rather than static functionalism Structuralism Method: ethnography G.H. Mead Relevance: 2 time as missing element Short-term perspectives long-term perspectives critique of discipline N2 - The object of this article is to present the outline of a temporalised sociology, emphasising novelty and diachrony, and linking the shorter and longer temporal spans. This temporalised sociology draws upon a critical reassessment of four theoretical traditions: positivism, functionalism, structuralism and ethnomethodology. These four traditions fail to take temporality into account, but more fruitful ideas are borrowed from them. A more important source is G.H. Mead's work. UR - http://iss.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/3/317 ID - 768 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bailey, Geoff N. PY - 2007 TI - Time perspectives, palimpsests and the archaeology of time SP - 198-223 JF - Journal of Anthropological Archaeology VL - 26 IS - 2 N1 - Time perspectives, palimpsests and the archaeology of time M3 - 10.1016/j.jaa.2006.08.002 KW - Archaeology Anthropology methodology Materiality Multiple temporalities time perspective Perception of time action Critical temporalities relevance: 2 experiential time critique of discipline N2 - This paper explores the meaning of time perspectivism, its relationship to other theories of time used in archaeological interpretation, and the ways in which it can be implemented through an analysis of the palimpsest nature of the material world we inhabit. Palimpsests are shown to be a universal phenomenon of the material world, and to form a series of overlapping categories, which vary according to their geographical scale, temporal resolution and completeness of preservation. Archaeological examples are used to show how different types of palimpsest can be analyzed to address different sorts of questions about the time dimension of human experience, and the relationship between different types of processes and different scales of phenomena. Objections to the apparently deterministic and asocial character of time perspectivism, and its apparent neglect of subjective experience and individual action and perception, are dealt with. The line of thinking developed here is used, in its turn, to critique other approaches to the archaeology of time, and conventional understandings of the relationship between past, present and future. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278416506000481 ID - 1046 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Baker, Patrick L. PY - 1993 TI - Space, Time, Space-Time and Society SP - 406-424 JF - Sociological Inquiry VL - 63 IS - 4 SN - 1475-682X N1 - Space, Time, Space-Time and Society M3 - 10.1111/j.1475-682X.1993.tb00321.x KW - sociology Anthropology non-linear time methodology Relevance: 2 Multiple temporalities Carribean time and space Relativity Theory time as symbolic resource History N2 - This paper discusses the concept spacetime in the context of some traditional notions of space and time in sociological and anthropological literature. The paper argues that the concept of spacetime, together with other post-Newtonian insights, can provide a useful metaphor with which to interpret societal phenomena. The paper concludes by illustrating the argument with a brief review of the ethnohistory of a Caribbean territory. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1993.tb00321.x ID - 340 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Bakhtin, Mikhail Mikhaĭlovich PY - 1981 BT - The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays ED - Holquist, Michael CT - Forms of time and of the chronotope in the novel CY - Austin and London PB - University of Texas Press SP - 84-258 N1 - Forms of time and of the chronotope in the novel KW - chronotopes literary theory literature social time Bakhtin social time Relevance: 2 Aesthetics history N2 - From the back of the book: These essays reveal Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975)—known in the West largely through his studies of Rabelais and Dostoevsky—as a philosopher of language, a cultural historian, and a major theoretician of the novel. The Dialogic Imagination presents, in superb English translation, four selections from Voprosy literatury i estetiki (Problems of literature and aesthetics), published in Moscow in 1975. The volume also contains a lengthy introduction to Bakhtin and his thought and a glossary of terminology. Bakhtin uses the category "novel" in a highly idiosyncratic way, claiming for it vastly larger territory than has been traditionally accepted. For him, the novel is not so much a genre as it is a force, "novelness," which he discusses in "From the Prehistory of Novelistic Discourse." Two essays, "Epic and Novel" and "Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel," deal with literary history in Bakhtin's own unorthodox way. In the final essay, he discusses literature and language in general, which he sees as stratified, constantly changing systems of subgenres, dialects, and fragmented "languages" in battle with one another. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=JKZztxqdIpgC ID - 2045 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Balanza, T. V. PY - 2001 TI - Historiographical absences and social presences. Bibliographical notes on use of time and gender SP - 83-106 JF - Arenal VL - 8 IS - 1 SN - 1134-6396 N1 - Historiographical absences and social presences. Bibliographical notes on use of time and gender KW - historiography gender methodology Relevance: 3 women's time N2 - The article that follows presents the principal theorical, practical and methodologic lines that have gone following in the investigation of the use of the time. We approximate to the concept time use linking to the concept of gender in a space where the variables woman, family and labour crisscross. We are initiating the study by the international investigation; later, we are presenting the national panorama; follows, we are observing important lacks in the historical analysis and are enumerating the most recent proposed theories and regulations over the theme that occupies us. We complete the article with a succinct bibliographic repertoire where we gather the most interesting contributions over the use of the time and other related thematic. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a715030022 ID - 664 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ballard, Dawna I. AU - Seibold, David R. PY - 2004 TI - Organizational Members’ Communication and Temporal Experience SP - 135-172 JF - Communication Research VL - 31 IS - 2 N1 - Organizational Members’ Communication and Temporal Experience M3 - 10.1177/0093650203261504 N1 - SAGE KW - Communication organisational temporalities communities of practice multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 method: questionnaires pace punctuality Scheduling Break in time temporal boundaries future orientation time scarcity Asynchrony labour time N2 - This article reports the findings of scale development and validation efforts centered on 10 dimensions of organizational members’ temporal experience identified in previous research. Consistent with a community-of-practice perspective, 395 members of five organizational units indicated their agreement with a series of statements regarding the day-to-day words and phrases they use to describe their activities, work-related events, and general timing needs. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the hypothesized enactments of time and construals of time. Organizational members’ enactments of time included dimensions relating to flexibility, linearity, pace, precision, scheduling, and separation, and their construals of time included dimensions concerning scarcity, urgency, present time perspective, and future time perspective. A new dimension, delay, was found. Implications for pluritemporalism in organizations and the study of time in communication are discussed. UR - http://crx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/31/2/135 ID - 211 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barber, Karin PY - 1997 TI - Time, Space, and Writing in Three Colonial Yoruba Novels SP - 108-129 JF - The Yearbook of English Studies VL - 27 SN - 03062473 N1 - Time, Space, and Writing in Three Colonial Yoruba Novels KW - Literary theory literature nationalism Simultaneity Postcolonialism critical temporalities Relevance: 3 Africa calendars clock time N2 - Not available - from intro: Since postcolonial literature is by this definition oppositional, and since it was through nationstates that the former colonies opposed and freed themselves of the colonizer, such readings present themselves insistently. However, because the creators of national culture are inevitably highly-educated elites, for only they have sufficient command of the 'national', that is to say colonial, language, there is no mass national audience for their writing. Instead, to secure an audience, they address other Europhone elites in other colonies, as well as the metropolitan centres themselves to which they are held to be 'writing back', thus creating a cosmopolitan6 or global7 imaginary, a transcultural postcolonial dimension which co-exists with, but also transcends, the local affirmation of nationhood....Obviously, however, much writing was produced in both colonial and independent Africa which could not have been directed at the metropolitan centres. There were vast and longstanding written literary traditions in African languages which the colonizers, despite government incentive schemes, were not able to read... The three Yoruba texts that I shall look at, in addressing and thus helping to constitute their telescoping, indeterminately-boundaried publics, stage a kind of simulacrum of realism, ostentatiously marking out clock and calendar time in the phantasmagorical wastes of the forest of spirits (Ogboju Ode);naming well-known suburbs of Lagos and Ibadan only to let them melt tracelessly in the protagonist's wake (Olowolaiyemofo); regrounding print itself as a guarantee of veracity, only to reveal that it is a hollow carapace camouflaging the endless postponement of an impossible disclosure (Segilola). UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3509136 ID - 291 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barnett, Clive PY - 2005 TI - Ways of relating: hospitality and the acknowledgement of otherness SP - 5-21 JF - Progress in Human Geography VL - 29 IS - 1 N1 - Ways of relating: hospitality and the acknowledgement of otherness KW - Geography Human Geography Levinas Philosophy normativity Relevance: 3 time and space Difference inclusion/exclusion hospitality Derrida Continental Philosophy Relationality Geography responsibility N2 - This paper considers the relevance of the work of Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida to geography's engagements with both mainstream moral philosophy and poststructuralist theory. This relevance lies in the way in which their work unsettles the ascription of normative value to relations of proximity and distance. Distance is usually understood to be a medium of moral harm or indifference. In contrast, Levinas presents distance as the very condition of responsibility. Grasping the significance of this argument requires an appreciation of the temporality of responsibility and responsiveness that both Levinas and Derrida emphasize. They present an alternative way of understanding the relationality of subjectivity and social processes. Through a schematic exposition of key themes in Levinas' work, prevalent understandings of the spatiality of relations are shown to harbour their own forms of indifference and moral harm. The full effect of Levinas' reconsideration of the value of relations between proximity and distance is brought out in Derrida's recent writings on hospitality. For both thinkers, there is no natural geographical scene for the cultivation of responsibility. Rather, their shared focus upon temporality emphasizes the degree to which responsibility is motivated in response to the activities of others. The implication of this argument is that critical analysis should be reorientated towards practices that shape individual and collective dispositions to acknowledge the claims of others. UR - http://phg.sagepub.com/content/29/1/5.short ID - 341 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Bar-On, A. Zvie PY - 1990 BT - The Moral Sense and Its Foundational Significance: Self, Person, Historicity, Community (Analecta Husserliana, XXXI) ED - Tymieniecka, Anna-Teresa CT - The Reality and Structure of Time PB - Springer N1 - The Reality and Structure of Time N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Husserl Philosophy Continental Philosophy Relevance: unknown Social structure Phenomenology N2 - not available UR - http://www.springer.com/philosophy/philosophical+traditions/book/978-0-7923-0678-8 ID - 152 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barreau, Hervé PY - 2000 TI - The Natural and Cultural Invariants of the Representation of Time in Face of Globalization SP - 303-317 JF - Time & Society VL - 9 IS - 2-3 N1 - The Natural and Cultural Invariants of the Representation of Time in Face of Globalization N1 - 10.1177/0961463X00009002010 KW - Globalisation Anthropology in/commensurability between times sociology changing perceptions of time cultural variants of time Chronobiology biorhythms biology life course Clocks Simultaneity narrative Scheduling Relevance: 2 Methodology calendars time reckoning N2 - Current attempts to globalize the economy and politics of our inhabited world should not be considered as an aggressive challenge to any particular cultural tradition. Anthropologists and sociologists of the 20th century have been inclined to exaggerate a supposed incompatibility between the representations and perceptions of time which are characteristic of traditional cultures and the present globalization of human society, globalization that is indeed a by-product of the scientific rationality which has spread throughout the West. For, despite undeniable differences, the contents of all human cultures, with regard to the representation of time, are characterized by elements which are derived from three natural invariants (biorhythms, ages of life and learning) and seven cultural invariants (simultaneity, temporal language, conduct of narrative, myth of time, calendars, natural clocks, artificial clocks). UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/9/2-3/303.abstract ID - 896 ER - TY - THES AU - Bastian, Michelle PY - 2009 TI - Communities out of joint: An examination of the role of temporality in rethinking community CY - Sydney PB - University of New South Wales, School of History and Philosophy M1 - Ph.D. N1 - Diprose, Rosalyn ED - Mills, Catherine N1 - Communities out of joint: An examination of the role of temporality in rethinking community KW - Feminist theory Anthropology Philosophy Continental Philosophy Multiple temporalities Critical temporalities inclusion/exclusion Derrida futurity Relevance: 1 non-homogeneous community non-linear time Multiple temporalities time as tool for political legitimation time as tool for managing percieved threats Aristotle N2 - This thesis brings together two important aspects of Feminist Theory, the problem of reconceptualising community in terms of difference, and the role of temporality and futurity within feminist visions of the political. I argue that rethinking community directly entails a rethinking of temporality. This is initially suggested in my examination of the work of anthropologists Carol Greenhouse and Johannes Fabian, who argue that conceptions of time play an important role in social methods of ‘managing’ difference. I then turn to an analysis of a number of different feminist accounts of community in order to show that, in each case, the attempt to rethink community in terms of an openness to diversity is invariably accompanied by a contestation of dominant linear temporal concepts. I suggest that these accounts represent a shift to an understanding of time as fractured, dislocated or out of joint. While this shift is explicit in some of the work I examine, specifically in Linnell Secomb and Rosalyn Diprose's work, for the most part, the problem of temporality is not explicitly thematised. I therefore seek to uncover an emerging critique of linear temporality within feminist accounts of community, while also arguing for a greater recognition of the way time systems shape the way we understand and relate to difference. In order to extend the contestation of linear temporality developed in the first section, I turn to the work of Jacques Derrida. I extend the gesture towards a dislocated time by examining Derrida's deconstruction of Aristotle's account of time and his quasi-concept, différance. Both of these accounts challenge the self-presence of the now. What proves to be particularly important for the problem of community is the way this fundamental dislocation suggests a reworking of social understandings of the heritage, transformation and political action. This suggestion is developed through an analysis of two of Derrida's later essays “The Other Heading” and “Psyche: Inventions of the other”, where I draw out his claim that an openness to the coming of the other involves both the active disruption of convention and tradition as well as a passive relation to an open and incalculable future. I conclude this thesis by arguing that Derrias account of time, as a disruptive exposure to alterity, is a provocative candidate for a model of temporality congenial to feminist projects of reconceptualising community. Accordingly, this thesis makes a unique contribution to feminist theory by connecting two significant but often separate concerns, in the process providing new avenues for feminist theorisations of community UR - http://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/unsworks:4364 ID - 342 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bastian, Michelle PY - 2009 TI - Inventing Nature: Re-writing Time and Agency in a More-than-Human World SP - 99-116 JF - Australian Humanities Review VL - 47 N1 - Inventing Nature: Re-writing Time and Agency in a More-than-Human World KW - environment Agency action Critical temporalities Anthropology Philosophy Continental Philosophy Relevance: 3 More-than-human communities critical temporalities time as tool for managing percieved threats Derrida Assumptions about time obscuring x N2 - This paper is a response to Val Plumwoods call for writers to engage in ‘the struggle to think differently’. Specifically, she calls writers to engage in the task of opening up an experience of nature as powerful and as possessing agency. I argue that a critical component of opening up who or what can be understood as possessing agency involves challenging the conception of time as linear, externalised and absolute, particularly in as much as it has guided Western conceptions of process, change and invention. I explore this through anthropologist Carol Greenhouse's claim that social conceptions of time can be read as theories of agency. Thus, in seeking to respond to Plumwood’s call to think differently, the question becomes: what kind of writing would enable a fundamental re-thinking of agency without, however, ignoring the way Western notions of agency have been shaped by linear accounts of time? I look to Jacques Derrida's work as one example. I first locate the possibility of re-writing time and agency in the experiential aspects of his writing, which I argue interrupt both the reader’s sense of agency and linear models of reading. But further, I connect Derrida’s work directly with Plumwood’s by examining how his deconstruction of the Western concept of invention may enable another account of creative change that could reshape what counts as ‘agency’ within the Anthropocene. UR - http://epress.anu.edu.au/ahr/047/pdf/09.pdf ID - 343 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bastian, Michelle PY - 2011 TI - The contradictory simultaneity of being with others: Exploring concepts of time and community in the work of Gloria Anzaldúa SP - 151-167 JF - Feminist Review VL - 97 IS - 1 N1 - The contradictory simultaneity of being with others: Exploring concepts of time and community in the work of Gloria Anzaldúa KW - feminist theory feminism time and space inclusion/exclusion identity non-homogeneous community non-linear time Critical temporalities Relevance: 1 time as tool for managing percieved threats philosophy Simultaneity contradictory present N2 - While social geographers have convincingly made the case that space is not an external constant, but rather is produced through inter-relations, anthropologists and sociologists have done much to further an understanding of time, as itself, constituted through social interaction and interrelation. Their work suggests that time is not an apolitical background to social life, but shapes how we perceive and relate to others. For those interested in exploring issues such as identity, community and difference, this suggests that attending to how temporal discourses are utilised in relation to these issues is a key task. This article seeks to contribute to an expansion of the debate about time and sociality by contributing an analysis of a variety of ways in which Gloria Anzaldúa utilises temporal concepts as part of her work of rethinking social identity and community. In particular, I suggest that in contesting homogeneous identity, Anzaldúa also implicitly contests linear temporal frameworks. Further, in creating new frameworks for identity, I suggest the possibility of discerning in her work an alternative approach to time that places difference at the heart of simultaneity. I suggest that the interconnection between concepts of time and community within Anzaldúa’s work indicates more broadly that attempts to rework understandings of relationality must be accompanied by reworked accounts of temporality. UR - http://www.palgrave-journals.com/fr/journal/v97/n1/abs/fr201034a.html ID - 344 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Basu, Paul PY - 2007 BT - Highland Homecomings: Genealogy and Heritage-Tourism in the Scottish Diaspora CY - London PB - Routledge N1 - Highland Homecomings: Genealogy and Heritage-Tourism in the Scottish Diaspora KW - Method: ethnography Scotland europe Tourism place ancestry territory Anthropology Archaeology history Geography Human Geography migration heritage narrative Diaspora home identity Relevance: 3 U.K. invention of tradition narrative N2 - The first full-length ethnographic study of its kind, Highland Homecomings examines the role of place, ancestry and territorial attachment in the context of a modern age characterized by mobility and rootlessness. With an interdisciplinary approach, speaking to current themes in anthropology, archaeology, history, historical geography, cultural studies, migration studies, tourism studies, Scottish studies, Paul Basu explores the journeys made to the Scottish Highlands and Islands to undertake genealogical research and seek out ancestral sites. Using an innovative methodological approach, Basu tracks journeys between imagined homelands and physical landscapes and argues that through these genealogical journeys, individuals are able to construct meaningful self-narratives from the ambiguities of their diasporic migrant histories, and recover their sense of home and self-identity. This is a significant contribution to popular and academic Scottish studies literature, particularly appealing to popular and academic audiences in USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Scotland UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=CVj5BUi97Y8C ID - 944 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bauerkemper, Joseph PY - 2007 TI - Narrating Nationhood: Indian Time and Ideologies of Progress SP - 27-53 JF - Studies in American Indian Literatures VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 07303238 N1 - Narrating Nationhood: Indian Time and Ideologies of Progress KW - Native American indigenous peoples Literature literary theory non-linear time critical temporalities nationalism identity chronology Politics narrative history Relevance: 2 national time progress USA cultural variants of time time as missing element social time politics of time linear time inclusion/exclusion N2 - not available - from intro: During a recent visit to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library in New Haven, Connecticut, I spent considerable time sifting through the facility's substantial collection of Laguna Pueblo author Leslie Marmon Silko's personal papers. Amid the bounty of telling news clippings, drafts, and ephemera, I came across a pale blue scrap of paper with two notes scribbled on it. One is a reminder about the ferry schedule from Ketchikan, Alaska, and the other reads "last word of the novel—sunrise." It seems that as she was planning the mundane details of transportation, Silko was struck with the revelation that she must have the narrative structure of her novel Ceremony come full circle to end just as it begins, with the word "sunrise." The appearance of this simple-yet-evocative note returned my attention to considering the significance of Ceremony's pervasive penchant for nonlinearity. While I am certainly neither the first reader to notice this tendency nor the first scholar to write about it, the emphasis on nonlinearity in Ceremony—as well as in other native-authored texts—deserves further consideration. This essay, then, emerges out of a very basic question: what is the significance of the nonlinear histories and chronologies that frequently underlie American Indian literary texts? Many scholars have observed these nonlinear patterns, yet beyond underscoring their presence as markers of cultural-groundedness, the exploration of the social and political significance of nonlinear histories and chronologies in American Indian literatures remains neglected.1 My primary assertion is that nonlinear understandings of history are key elements of the narrations of indigenous nationhood found in American Indian literary texts. In accord with the many critics who in recent years have given particular attention to the ways in which native fiction narrates indigenous nationhood, this essay proceeds as an exploration of the narrative structures and detailed representations of history and time in Ceremony and in Creek/Cherokee writer Craig Womack's novel Drowning in Fire. I argue that the nonlinear characteristics of these novels are crucial to their narrations of indigenous nationhood. Through readings of Silko's Ceremony and Womack's Drowning in Fire, this essay illuminates how American Indian literatures articulate concepts of indigenous nationhood that fundamentally depart from modern state-nationalism and the underpinning ideologies of progressive, linear history. Through their narrations of nonsequential histories and chronologies, these novels narrate the nonlinear and place-based character of indigenous nationhood.2 As this essay begins to explore, it is this nonlinear disposition that distinguishes literary indigenous nationhood from many of the coercive, destructive, exclusionist, and violent tendencies mandated by the terminal investments in linearity made by modern nation-states. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/studies_in_american_indian_literatures/v019/19.4bauerkemper.html ID - 290 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Beardsworth, Richard PY - 1996 BT - Derrida and the Political CY - London and New York PB - Routledge N1 - Derrida and the Political KW - Derrida Continental Philosophy Philosophy Political philosophy Relevance: 3 political time N2 - Jacques Derrida, one of the most influential, controversial and complex thinkers of our time, has come to be at the center of many political debates. This is the first book to consider the political implications of Derrida's deconstruction. It is a timely response both to Derrida's own recent shift towards thinking about the political, and to the political focus of contemporary Continental philosophy. Richard Beardsworth's study,Derrida and the Political,locates a way of thinking about deconstruction using the tools of political philosophy. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=ZLp3MMELQjcC ID - 345 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bell, N. J. AU - Schoenrock, C. AU - Bensberg, G. PY - 1981 TI - Change over time in the community: findings of a longitudinal study SP - 195-206 JF - Monographs of the American Association on Mental Deficiency VL - 4 SN - 0098-7123 N1 - Change over time in the community: findings of a longitudinal study N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Method: longitudinal analysis health care mental health change over time sociology Relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion time spent with community re-entry into community N2 - The findings of this study indicated that: a) the aspects of community functioning included in this study were relatively stable over a two-year period; b) when change did occur, it tended to be toward the end of the two-year period; c) ability level (basic skills) was related to community functioning more consistently than age, gender, or the environmental variables included in these analyses; d) relationships with ability were more frequent following approximately 10 months in the community than prior to that time; and e) there is a possibility that the time period around 10 months after entry into the community is a particularly difficult time and warrants further investigation. UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7231416 ID - 47 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Belloni, M. C. PY - 1986 TI - Social Time Dimensions as Indicators of Class Distinction in Italy SP - 65-76 JF - International Social Science Journal VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 0020-8701 N1 - Social Time Dimensions as Indicators of Class Distinction in Italy AN - WOS:A1986C690900005 KW - Sociology social time class Italy Europe Relevance: unknown inclusion/exclusion N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 799 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bender, John AU - Wellbery, David E. PY - 1991 TI - Chronotypes: the construction of time CY - Stanford PB - Stanford University Press N1 - Chronotypes: the construction of time KW - time as symbolic resource conceptions of time social time time as all encompassing Methodology narrative physical time creativity time reckoning law critical temporalities politics of time Rhetoric temporal ordering cultural diversity coevalness Anthropology Philosophy Sociology linguistics Relevance: 2 N2 - Time belongs to a handful of categories (like form, symbol, cause) that are genuinely transdisciplinary. Time touches every dimension of our being, every object of our attention--including attention itself. It therefore can belong to no single field of study. Of course, this universalist view of time is not itself universal but rather is a product of the modern age, an age that conceived of itself as the "new" time. Time has thus gained new importance as a theme of general research with the "postmodern turn" now manifest in many areas of intellectual endeavor, especially in the humanities and social sciences. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=Yu3zTjAvlNEC ID - 2044 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bengtsson, Jan AU - Baillie, Stephen R. AU - Lawton, John PY - 1997 TI - Community Variability Increases with Time SP - 249-256 JF - Oikos VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 00301299 N1 - Community Variability Increases with Time N1 - JSTOR KW - Method: dynamic rather than static ecological communities ecology biology Animals change over time Relevance: 3 method: longitudinal analysis Migration N2 - We examine the variability of British woodland bird communities in terms of relative abundances, using data obtained in the Common Bird Census from 1971 to 1992. Eighteen woodland plots with long-term data were analysed. The analyses were made for the whole time period of 22 yr and for shorter subsets to examine the effects of temporal scale on community variability (measured as Kendall's coefficient of concordance, W). Community variability increased the longer the communities were observed, indicating that comparisons of variability between different communities or taxa have to take temporal scale into account. We suggest that the increased community variability with time is likely to be related to increased environmental and population variability with time, long-term trends in a number of species, and habitat succession. Community variability was not significantly related to geographical location, plot area, species richness in the community, the proportion of long-distance migrants in the community, two measures of body mass of the community, generation time, or the proportion of species with long-term national trends. The local bird communities in scrub forest plots changed more over time than those in deciduous forest, indicating that the degree of bird community variability is related to habitat stability. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3546291 ID - 80 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ben-Peretz, Miriam AU - Bromme, Rainer PY - 1990 TI - The Nature of Time in Schools: Theoretical Concepts, Practitioner Perceptions CY - New York PB - Teachers College, Columbia University N1 - The Nature of Time in Schools: Theoretical Concepts, Practitioner Perceptions KW - education organisational temporalities perception of time temporal complexity time management Review article cultural variants of time life course Relevance: 2 N2 - What are teachers' perceptions of time? How do they cope with the complex tasks of managing time? How is time experienced differently in various subject matters? These questions and others are addressed in this book. The editors bring an international perspective to the collection, as do the contributors, who include David C. Berliner, Sally Brown, F. Michael Connelly, John Olson, and Thomas A. Romberg. The 13 chapters, grouped into four parts, represent varied approaches and methods of study: theoretical contributions, case studies, and quantitative investigations. Part I provides a state-of-art review of research about time in schooling, followed by a discussion of recent conceptual developments. Part II presents studies of teacher's perceptions of time in different cultures. Part III deals with the concept of time in teaching various subject-matter areas. Part IV looks at time in transition contexts - from student teacher to teacher and from teacher to principal. Throughout the book, time is examined from the perspective of practitioners, yielding important insight into teaching-learning situations in classrooms. Of special interest to researchers in education, this edited collection will also be a useful resource for courses in teacher education, educational psychology, and educational administration, as well as for inservice workshops for teachers. UR - not available ID - 981 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ben-Rafael, Eliezer PY - 1997 BT - Crisis and transformation: the kibbutz at century's end CY - Albany PB - SUNY Press N1 - Crisis and transformation: the kibbutz at century's end KW - Communities in crisis Israel identity social change Utopia change over time Relevance: 3 intentional communities Judaism imagined futures communities in crisis Sociology Middle East N2 - This book examines kibbutz life following the Israeli economic crisis of 1985, focusing on the kibbutz's dramatic transformation from a well-defined social structure to a collective identified principally by its cultural preoccupations. It centers on the contradictions endemic to kibbutz identity. Ben-Rafael shows how the crisis brought together a general pro-change Zeitgeist with the interests of the kibbutz's stronger social segments and individuals to produce widespread changes and the fragmentation of kibbutz reality as a whole. The book's findings are based on a large-scale research investigation (1991-1994) headed up by Ben-Rafael that included twenty research studies and involved the participation of researchers from diverse social science disciplines. The book also provides a statistical abstract and a comprehensive kibbutz bibliography. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=PpaZD5xi67kC ID - 1030 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bergadaà, Michelle PY - 2007 TI - Temporal Frameworks and Individual Cultural Activities: Four typical profiles SP - 387-407 JF - Time & Society VL - 16 IS - 2-3 N1 - Temporal Frameworks and Individual Cultural Activities: Four typical profiles N1 - 10.1177/0961463X07080274 KW - Synchronicity The present Duration Multiple temporalities social time action Relevance: 2 methodology Sociology consumerism Museums permanence N2 - The following article presents temporal frameworks articulated around two axes: synchrony/diachrony and instant/ duration. A framework is elaborated based on an analysis of how cultural activities bearing social and historical meaning fit into temporal frameworks on the individual level of consumers, or cultural actors. The argument identifies four types of time frames supporting individual action: 'permanent present' frame, 'modern time' frame, `fragmented time' frame and `in rhythm time' frame. Two studies, conducted on the topic of cultural activities involving theatre and museums, have been used to illustrate the conceptual model. They exemplify the relationship between the individual's temporal framework, his or her attitude with regard to culture and the type of cultural action he or she develops. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/16/2-3/387.abstract ID - 919 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bergmann, Werner PY - 1992 TI - The Problem of Time in Sociology SP - 81-134 N1 - January 1, 1992 JF - Time & Society VL - 1 IS - 1 N1 - Review of the literature N1 - The Problem of Time in Sociology M3 - 10.1177/0961463x92001001007 KW - Sociology psychology Review article social time experiential time Scheduling time discipline organisational temporalities social change methodology Relevance: 2 Review article time perspective orientation within time temporal ordering Social structure scheduling time reckoning social change Methodology time as missing element Durkheim Schutz G.H. Mead history of changing perceptions of time Anthropology families N2 - This survey of sociological and psychological literature deals with the problem of time, covering major areas of sociology and related disciplines (economics, cultural anthropology, psychology and history). As a preface, contributions by the classical writers on the sociology of time are discussed briefly - Durkheim, Schutz, Sorokin and Merton, G.H. Mead. Six themes in the contemporary sociology of time (up to 1982) are examined: (1) time perspective and time orientation; (2) temporal ordering and social structure: time reckoning and the social construction of time schedules; (3) the time structure of specific social systems and professions: the economy, the legal system, the family, and formal organizations; (4) the evolution of social consciousness of time; (5) social change and time; and (6) the concern with time in social theory and methodology. It is shown that sociology has much to learn from its neighbouring disciplines, that no thorough sociological treatment of time has yet been done and, above all, that there is a lack of empirical studies that are adequately grounded in theory. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/1/1/81.abstract ID - 347 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bergson, Henri PY - 1998 BT - Creative Evolution CY - Mineola, NY PB - Dover Publications Inc. N1 - Creative Evolution Y2 - 1911 N1 - 1911 KW - Philosophy Bergson Continental Philosophy creativity evolution Knowledge Biology perception of time Memory art unpredictibility open future Relevance: 3 Darwin N2 - Henri Bergson (1859-1941) is one of the truly great philosophers of the modernist period, and there is currently a major renaissance of interest in his unduly neglected texts and ideas amongst philosophers, literary theorists, and social theorists."Creative Evolution" (1907) is the text that made Bergson world-famous in his own lifetime; in it Bergson responds to the challenge presented to our habits of thought by modern evolutionary theory, and attempts to show that the theory of knowledge must have its basis in a theory of life. While intelligence treats everything mechanically, instinct proceeds, so to speak, organically. If...we could ask and it could reply, it would give up to us the most intimate secrets of life. -from Chapter II Anticipating not only modern scientific theories of psychology but also those of cosmology, this astonishing book sets out a impressive goal for itself: to reconcile human biology with a theory of consciousness. First published in France in 1907, and translated into English in 1911, this work of wonder was esteemed at the time in scientific circles and in the popular culture alike for its profound explorations of perception and memory and its surprising conclusions about the nature and value of art. Contending that intuition is deeper than intellect and that the real consequence of evolution is a mental freedom to grow, to change, to seek and create novelty, Bergson reinvigorated the theory of evolution by refusing to see it as merely mechanistic. His expansion on Darwin remains one of the most original and important philosophical arguments for a scientific inquiry still under fire today. UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=YHgYhRCqTEsC ID - 950 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bernasconi, Robert PY - 1993 TI - On Deconstructing Nostalgia for Community within the West: The Debate between Nancy and Blanchot SP - 3–21. JF - Research in Phenomenology VL - 23 N1 - On Deconstructing Nostalgia for Community within the West: The Debate between Nancy and Blanchot M3 - 10.1163/156916493X00015 KW - Philosophy Continental Philosophy nostalgia non-homogeneous community inclusion/exclusion race Relevance: 2 political community politics homogenising present imagined futures imagined pasts Difference western imperialism Jean-Luc Nancy N2 - Not available - from the text: The basic thrust of Nancy's discussion of community could not be clearer nor, in terms of the philosophical framework within which he operates, more compelling. According to him, what dominates the concept of community, what constitutes its appeal, is nostalgia...Nancy describes the political form of this nostalgia as totalitarianism, although it should always be remembered that, on his analy sis, the label serves equally well for those societies that describe themselves as democratic as those that do not... Furthermore, the history of the political is found to harmonize with the history of metaphysics. The concept of community is dominated by what might be called in another context "the desire for presence" but is here captured by the phrase "an absolute immanence of man to man" (CD, 14; IC, 2). For Nancy, the fact that the retrospective consciousness of the lost community is constitutive of the West "from its very beginnings" is of itself sufficient grounds for suspicion of the concept of community: "at every moment in its history, the Occident has given itself over to the nostalgia for a more archaic community that has disappeared, and to deploring a loss of familiarity, fraternity and conviviality" (CD, 31; IC, 10). The deconstruction of community begins with the acknowledgment that community aims at an impossible immanence. Were, per impossible, this immanence ever attained, it would result not in the accomplishment of community, but its suppression (CD, 35-36; IC, 12). There never were com- munities of the kind whose loss is mourned by those who conceive of commu- nity as a work to be produced from out of the space of the loss of community. "Loss" is not an accident that has befallen community; "loss" is constitutive of community (CD, 35; IC, 12). Deconstruction points, therefore, to the formal concept of "a community without community" (CD, 177; IC, 71) in the sense of "a community without communion" (LD, 580; IC, 144). However, this is only a beginning. The attempt to give content to this phrase preoccupies Nancy throughout his subsequent essays on community. Nancy, therefore, is not content simply to criticize a certain concept of community. A deconstructed concept of community allegedly emerges from out of the metaphysical conception of community. In the second part of the paper I will chart the course of Nancy's discussion of community, paying particular attention to the sources on which he draws in order to flesh out the notion of a community without communion. Such a study will prove useful when it comes to clarifying the debate about community between Nancy and Blanchot, a task that will occupy the third and longest part of this essay. Their debate helps clarify an aspect of Nancy's thought that might not otherwise be so clear: his refusal of radical alterity, his refusal of the Other. In the fourth section of the essay I shall suggest that, given deconstruction's tendency to remain content with highly problematic concepts of the West and of Western philosophy, inherited without sufficient questioning from Heidegger, this refusal of the Other threatens in certain contexts to transform the idea of a community without communion into a community without remainder. The suspicion is fuelled by an occasional but highly revealing essay addressed to the Chicanos, as well as by the tenor of various scattered references to "the West." The fifth section suggests in conclusion that this is one of the points where deconstruction's questions recoil sharply on itself. UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/rip/1993/00000023/00000001/art00001 ID - 348 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bevernage, Berber AU - Aerts, Koen PY - 2009 TI - Haunting pasts: time and historicity as constructed by the Argentine Madres de Plaza de Mayo and radical Flemish nationalists SP - 391-408 JF - Social History VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 0307-1022 N1 - Haunting pasts: time and historicity as constructed by the Argentine Madres de Plaza de Mayo and radical Flemish nationalists KW - Argentina Latin America Europe historical time Past in the present nationalism Death & dying Counter traditions history Psychoanalysis critical temporalities Ritual Anthropology relevance: 2 the past Mourning imagined pasts time as missing element temporal distancing coevalness N2 - Not available - from intro: To obtain a clear insight into the construction of these conflicting regimes of historicity, with their irreversible or irrevocable notions of time, we will focus on rituals of mourning and commemorations of the dead, because more than any other lieux de me´moire, the dead are directly related to our experience, imagination and evaluation of past and present. For the Flemish movement which developed and radicalized during and after the two world wars, this focus is certainly not far-fetched. From its very beginning, Flemish nationalism developed on graveyards and commemoration sites, often guided by prominent figures with a great sense for the posthumous. Its history is permeated with desecrated, disturbed and opened graves. For the movement of the Madres, in contrast, this focus on the dead is far less self-evident, because it is an important characteristic of the ‘disappearance’ as a typical Latin American technique of terror that no bodies are found or handed over. The disappearances typically took place without any official arrests or trials, and the bodies were burned, dropped into the sea from planes, or secretly buried in anonymous mass graves. In the case of the Madres, it will consequently not be the dead themselves but, rather, their (incomplete) absence that grants us an insight into the alternative regime of historicity. The past’s stubborn refusal to close and the often lugubrious fondness for graves, human remains or ghostlike figures can, from a Freudian perspective, seem to be the result of a failed process of mourning. But this ritual staging of the dead from our (meta-historical) perspective – and this is our second core thesis – should be seen as politically highly instrumental and efficacious instead of being a psychopathology. With this article, we desire to contribute to the study of alternative conceptions of the past that have all too often been neglected or simply discarded as irrational. From our ‘anthropological’ perspective, we want to reveal ritual aspects in relation to the past that are often believed still to exist exclusively in so-called primitive cultures. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/03071020903256986 ID - 634 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bezold, Clement PY - 1999 TI - Alternative futures for communities SP - 465-473 JF - Futures VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0016-3287 N1 - Alternative futures for communities M3 - Doi: 10.1016/s0016-3287(99)00006-3 KW - imagined futures Method: scenario analysis community development USA future action identity Communities in crisis Relevance: 1 the future Turning points future studies N2 - Scenario building is an essential element for working on, and creating, alternative futures. This paper, based on the work at the Institute of Alternative Futures, discusses the use of scenarios in the context of community development and explores three basic types of scenarios--[`]the official future', [`]hard times' and paradigm shift or visionary scenarios. With examples from Washington and elsewhere, the paper tries to show how communities can reinvent themselves and meet the challenges of the future with the aid of scenarios. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V65-3W7XBBH-5/2/d54db47eae36f4b3ce1e30fe8d91004f ID - 970 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Bhabha, Homi PY - 1990 BT - Nation and Narration CT - DissemiNation: Time, Narrative, and the Margins of the Modern Nation PB - Routledge SP - 291-322 N1 - DissemiNation: Time, Narrative, and the Margins of the Modern Nation KW - nationalism narrative Diaspora migration non-homogeneous community Multiple heritages non-linear time literary theory relevance: 2 Borders origin stories Bhabha History N2 - not avilable - from the book cover: Bhabha, in his preface, writes 'Nations, like narratives, lose their origins in the myths of time and only fully encounter their horizons in the mind's eye'. From this seemingly impossibly metaphorical beginning, this volume confronts the realities of the concept of nationhood as it is lived and the profound ambivalence of language as it is written. From Gillian Beer's reading of Virginia Woolf, Rachel Bowlby's cultural history of Uncle Tom's Cabin and Francis Mulhern's study of Leaviste's 'English ethics'; to Doris Sommer's study of the 'magical realism' of Latin American fiction and Sneja Gunew's analysis of Australian writing, Nation and Narration is a celebration of the fact that English is no longer an English national consciousness, which is not nationalist, but is the only thing that will give us an international dimension. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=1TYOAAAAQAAJ ID - 240 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bhambra, Gurminder K. PY - 2009 BT - Rethinking Modernity: Postcolonialism and the sociological imagination CY - New York PB - Palgrave Macmillan N1 - Rethinking Modernity: Postcolonialism and the sociological imagination KW - modernity sociology postcolonialism social theory Colonialism inclusion/exclusion temporal distancing history Historical time narrative origin stories Multiple temporalities Relevance: 3 counter modernity western imperialism origin stories modernization N2 - Rethinking Modernity presents a fundamental reconstruction of the idea of modernity in contemporary sociology and social theory. It criticizes the abstraction of European modernity from its colonial context as well as the way in which the experiences of non-Western 'others' are regarded as having no contribution to make to such understandings. In challenging the dominant, Eurocentred accounts of the emergence and development of modernity, Gurminder Bhambra presents an argument for the recognition of 'connected histories' in the reconstruction of historical sociology at a global level. She addresses three supposedly 'founding moments' in the narrative of modernity - the Renaissance, the French and Industrial Revolutions - in order to identify myths of origin which remain embedded in dominant accounts of modernity whether that be modernization theory or multiple modernities UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=_Jh8PwAACAAJ ID - 935 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Bhandar, Brenna PY - 2007 BT - Law and the Politics of Reconciliation ED - Veitch, Scott CT - 'Spatialising History' and Opening Time: Resisting the Reproduction of the Proper Subject CY - Aldershot PB - Ashgate SP - 93-110 N1 - 'Spatialising History' and Opening Time: Resisting the Reproduction of the Proper Subject KW - history law non-linear time Critical temporalities Multiple temporalities Colonialism identity narrative time and space forgiveness Relevance: 2 N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=6Bl3Y5G1OjkC ID - 349 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Bhasin, Seema PY - 1997 TI - My Time, My Community, Myself (experiences of volunteering within the black community) CY - London PB - Volunteering England N1 - My Time, My Community, Myself (experiences of volunteering within the black community) N1 - google scholar KW - activism U.K. volunteering inclusion/exclusion ethnicity social Change organisational temporalities relevance: unknown N2 - The result of a year-long study of fifteen black and ethnic minority organizations. Looks at the context of black volunteering, motivation and successful recruitment strategies. Also sets out recommendations for both black and mainstream organizations. UR - not available ID - 110 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bhavnani, Kum-Kum AU - Foran, John PY - 2008 TI - Feminist futures: From dystopia to eutopia? SP - 319-328 JF - Futures VL - 40 IS - 4 SN - 0016-3287 N1 - Feminist futures: From dystopia to eutopia? M3 - DOI: 10.1016/j.futures.2007.08.009 KW - feminism Development community development globalisation poverty women gender imagined futures Utopia social justice future studies Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 social change activism feminist theory the future Mexico Brazil India Israel Middle East Latin America future studies Senegal Africa Asia Latin America N2 - This essay evaluates the present and future state of world development from the perspective of Third World women, finding that globalization, alongside US foreign policy, is leading to a future of increased poverty, environmental damage, and conditions where peace and human security are not served. Yet, powerful new ways of organizing for change have been created by the actions and visions of the Zapatista communities of Chiapas, the rubber-tappers in the Amazon rainforest, the Self-Employed Women's Association in India, the movement against female genital mutilation in Senegal, and the Israeli peace activists of Women in Black. Their emphasis on principles of social justice and the love of life they embody offer a vision of a possible future eutopia--a better, not a perfect, society--that is within reach if enough people take them up and shape them further. Using the new paradigm of "women, culture, and development", and the practices of future studies we analyze the ways in which women in a variety of settings are moving against the current of a dystopic future and are realizing visions of a more life-affirming form of development. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V65-4PGY4XT-9/2/e79f3a8fe6f5ee587aa4adfb290fde4c ID - 975 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bindé, Jérôme PY - 2000 TI - Toward an Ethics of the Future SP - 51-72 JF - Public Culture VL - 12 IS - 1 N1 - Toward an Ethics of the Future KW - ethics Short-term perspectives Communication present Absence of future time as horizon future generations generations Communities in crisis Climate change environment ecological citizenship Relevance: 2 communication Acceleration of time finance Democratic present social time temporally extended responsibilities N2 - Modern societies suffer from a distorted relationship to time. It is as if the short term were the impassable horizon, whether it be the activities of the stock exchange, the date of the next elections, or the influence of the media. From communication to finance, transactions are now conducted at the speed of light. Real time, the absolute zero of temporal distance, is both a sign and an element of an exclusive preoccupation with the present. From the short term to what is immediate, from a restricted horizon to the absence of any horizon, such is the time scale which has underlain the closing years of the twentieth century. Our relation to time has enormous economic, social, political, and ecological consequences. All over the world, the citizens of today are claiming rights over the citizens of tomorrow, threatening their well-being and at times their lives, and we are beginning to realize that we are jeopardizing the exercise by future generations of their human rights. Without proper attention, future generations are in danger of becoming the prisoners of unmanageable changes such as population growth, degradation of the global environment, growing inequalities between North and South and within societies, rampant social and urban apartheid, threats to democracy, and mafia control. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/public_culture/v012/12.1binde.html ID - 1019 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Birchall, Johnston PY - 1988 BT - The Rhythms of Society ED - Young, Michael Dunlop ED - Schuller, Tom CT - Time, Habit and the Fraternal Impulse CY - London PB - Routledge SP - 173-197 N1 - Time, Habit and the Fraternal Impulse KW - habits Sociology cultural variants of time Changing perceptions of time Relevance: unknown N2 - This collection reflects the time-obsessed age we live in. The contributors, drawn from a range of disciplines, develop a common sociological approach to examine time in a range of cultures, sub-cultures and historical periods. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=h4wOAAAAQAAJ ID - 852 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Birmingham, Peg PY - 1991 TI - The Time of the Political SP - 25-45 JF - Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal VL - 14/15 IS - 2/1 N1 - The Time of the Political KW - relevance: unknown philosophy Continental Philosophy Heidegger politics political time N2 - not available UR - http://secure.pdcnet.org/pdc/bvdb.nsf/toc?openform&journal=pdc_gfpj&yearrange=1989%20-%201999&category=14/15_40575_1991#14/15_40575_1991 ID - 350 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Birth, Kevin PY - 1999 BT - "Any Time is Trinidad Time": Social Meanings and Temporal Consciousness CY - Gainesville PB - University Press of Florida N1 - "Any Time is Trinidad Time": Social Meanings and Temporal Consciousness KW - perception of time Trinidad Carribean experiential time inclusion/exclusion Temporal conflict Synchronicity Anthropology Relevance: 2 coordinating between different times Social coordination Multiple temporalities Meaning N2 - In a description of how people use models of time in their daily lives, this text explores cultural ideas of time in rural Trinidad and the feelings of co-operation and conflict that result from using different models of time. UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=t31sLgAACAAJ ID - 699 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Birth, Kevin PY - 2007 TI - Time and the Biological Consequences of Globalization SP - 215 - 236 JF - Current Anthropology VL - 48 IS - 2 N1 - Time and the Biological Consequences of Globalization KW - biology chronobiology globalisation Time/space compression Capitalism temporal conflict social time Multiple temporalities Media Scheduling Biorhythms Relevance: 2 asynchrony Social coordination coordinating between different times embodiment Anthropology N2 - Discussions of globalization and time-space compression have not acknowledged the implications of the relationship of time and place on a rotating globe where each locale has its own cycles of day and night. When these cycles are recognized, several contradictions in contemporary capitalism emerge, most notably temporal conflicts between locations on the globe, desynchronization of biological cycles, and lack of correspondence between those cycles and social life. These contradictions are increasingly being addressed but not resolved through the power of the media to determine the timing of social activity and pharmacological interventions to ameliorate the bodily suffering caused by desynchronization. UR - http://qcpages.qc.edu/anthro/birth/kevin_birth.pdf http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/510472 ID - 2039 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Birth, Kevin PY - 2008 TI - The creation of coevalness and the danger of homochronism SP - 3-20 JF - Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.) VL - 14 IS - 1 N1 - The creation of coevalness and the danger of homochronism KW - Johannes Fabian Anthropology methodology Coevalness temporal distancing Multiple temporalities Homogenising present Relevance: 2 temporal conflict social time methodology temporality of academic work Becoming conceptions of time History N2 - Johannes Fabian’s Time and the Other criticized anthropology for creating representations that placed the Other outside the flow of time. Fabian offered the ethnographic portrayal of coevalness as a solution to this problem. This article explores four challenges to the representation of coevalness: the split temporalities of the ethnographer; the multiple temporalities of different histories; the culturally influenced phenomenological present; and the complicated relationship between culturally variable concepts of being and becoming and cultural concepts of time. Based on these challenges, this article argues that some attempts at ethnographic coevalness have fostered a temporal framework of homochronism which subsumes the Other into academic discourses of history. To achieve coevalness and to avoid homochronism and allochronism, it is necessary to represent the temporal frameworks that research subjects use to forge coevalness with ethnographers, and to place these frameworks in relationship to commonly used academic representations of time and history. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00475.x/abstract ID - 351 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bissell, David PY - 2009 TI - Visualising Everyday Geographies: Practices of Vision through Travel-Time SP - 42-60 JF - Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 00202754 N1 - Visualising Everyday Geographies: Practices of Vision through Travel-Time KW - geography human Geography experiential time Transport technologies Materiality visuality Mobility across communities Relevance: 3 embodiment U.K. Routines temporal ordering perception of time time and space passivity N2 - Responding to recent debates in human geography on the need to explore more complex renderings of everyday visuality, this paper explores some of the fluid relationships between everyday visuality, materiality and mobility through practices of contemporary railway travel in Britain. Based on extensive empirical research, this paper explores three different but related visual practices experienced during the course of a railway journey. First, it looks at how sublime forms of vision emerge to produce a variety of passive embodied effects. Second, it looks at how more attentive visual practices are implicated in the temporal organisation of the journey and have the capacity to activate changes to routine. Third, it looks at how the physical materiality of the carriage interior serves to mediate the visual field in particular ways and gives rise to a series of freedoms and constraints. Whilst the visual consumption of landscapes viewed through a window is often taken to be an axiomatic part of the travelling experience, this paper demonstrates the importance of apprehending how a multiplicity of visual practices affect how perceptions of time, space and location unfold over the course of a journey. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/30136813 ID - 269 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bissell, David AU - Fuller, Gillian PY - 2011 TI - Stillness in a mobile world CY - Abingdon PB - Routledge N1 - Stillness in a mobile world KW - Acceleration of time Philosophy timelessness human Geography Geography cultural studies media Deleuze Bergson static time political time ethics Relevance: 2 methodology continuity over time Asynchrony passivity Deceleration of time Sociology cultural studies epistemology N2 - This edited collection of essays on the conceptual, political and philosophical importance of stillness is positioned within a world that has increasingly come to be understood through the theoretical and conceptual lens of movement. With contributions from leading scholars in the field, the diversity of this collection illuminates the multiplicity of ontological and epistemological registers through which stillness moves: from human geography to media studies, cultural theory to fine arts. With the help of luminaries such as Deleuze, Bergson, Barthes and Beckett, this book interweaves cutting-edge theoretical insight with empirical illustrations which examine and traverse a multitude of practices, spaces and events. In an era where stasis, slowness and passivity are often held to be detrimental, this collection puts forward a new set of political and ethical concerns which help us to come to terms with, understand and account for (im)mobile life. Stillness in a Mobile World in an essential source of reference for both undergraduate and post-graduate students working within disciplines such as cultural studies, sociology, mobility studies and human geography. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=Jy3RQgAACAAJ ID - 954 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bloch, Maurice PY - 1977 TI - The Past and the Present in the Present SP - 278-292 JF - Man (N. S.) VL - 12 IS - 2 N1 - The Past and the Present in the Present KW - Anthropology Past in the present social change Critical temporalities ritual Durkheim Bloch Structuralism Relevance: 2 Social structure Agency conceptions of time hierarchy N2 - This lecture starts by considering the old problem of how to account for social change theoretically and criticises some of the models used because, either they see the social pro- cess in terms used by the actors and so are unable to explain how it is that actors can change those terms, or they see the mechanisms of change as occurring in terms totally alien to the actors and so are unable to explain how these mechanisms can be transformed into meaningful action. The source of this problem is traced to Durkheim's notion that cognition is socially determined. By contrast it is argued that those concepts which are moulded to social structure are not typical of knowledge but only found in ritual discourse, while the concepts using non-ritual discourse are constrained by such factors as the requirements of human action on nature. This means that there are terms available to actors by which the social order can be criticised since not all terms are moulded by it. Finally it is suggested that such notions as social structure only refer to ritualized folk statements about society, statements expressed in ritual discourse precisely with those concepts which are given as demonstrations of the theory of the cultural relativity of cognition. The Durk- heimian correlation between society and cognition is merely a correlation of only certain ethical statements and certain aspects of cognition. This type of discourse is present in dif- ferent types of society in varying amounts according to the degree of instituted hierarchy that these societies manifest. Anthropological theories about the conceptualisation of time are given as an example of the general argument. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2800799 ID - 939 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bluedorn, A. C. AU - Denhardt, R. B. PY - 1988 TI - Time and Organizations SP - 299-320 JF - Journal of Management VL - 14 IS - 2 N1 - Time and Organizations KW - Organisational temporalities Management Multiple temporalities methodology Relevance: 2 time as missing element planning Review article N2 - The concept of time is introduced as a major topic for organizational and management research. Including a discussion of differing times and temporalities, macro level research and theory are described that relate time to such substantive areas as organizational culture, strategic planning, and organizational contingency theory. At the micro level, theory and research on time and individual differences, decision making, motivation, and group behavior are reviewed critically. Organizational and management topics of particular salience for future temporal research and management practice are identified. UR - http://jom.sagepub.com/content/14/2/299.short ID - 2041 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boellstorff, Tom PY - 2007 TI - When Marriage Falls: Queer Coincidences in Straight Time SP - 227-248 N1 - January 1, 2007 JF - GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies VL - 13 IS - 2-3 N1 - When Marriage Falls: Queer Coincidences in Straight Time M3 - 10.1215/10642684-2006-032 KW - Queer temporalities Queer theory life course Critical temporalities social change Activism Multiple temporalities time as tool for political legitimation relevance: 2 families inclusion/exclusion Sexuality conceptions of time Subjectivity modernity asynchrony N2 - Not available - from the text: I proffer this essay to a specific audience — those, like myself, with a commitment to both “queer theory” in some sense of the term and a critique of marriage that draws on concerns with its politics of recognition (and disrecognition of the unmarried), the place of marriage in capitalist production, and the inequalities and violences so often found within marriage and so often linked to hierarchies of gender, race, and class. I pitch this essay in an exploratory register, resisting a framework that would equate “offering solutions” with the horizon of relevance and political efficacy. Proscription is not the same thing as critique. While I do suggest an alternative mode of conceptualizing time, this suggestion is an invitation to conversation and debate. I am interested in questions like the one posed by Geeta Patel: “How can we think subjectivity through other possible times, given that subjectivities in the ‘modern’ are inseparable from particular ways of narrating time?” UR - http://glq.dukejournals.org/content/vol13/issue2-3/ ID - 566 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bohlman, Philip V. AU - Currid, Brian PY - 2001 TI - Suturing History, Healing Europe: German National Temporality in Wolokolamsk Highway SP - 681-717 JF - The Musical Quarterly VL - 85 IS - 4 SN - 00274631 N1 - Suturing History, Healing Europe: German National Temporality in Wolokolamsk Highway KW - nationalism Music history Germany Counter traditions temporal conflict Multiple heritages Multiple temporalities Relevance: 3 europe narrative imagined pasts N2 - not available - from the text; The fact that Wolokolamsk Highway's intervention in Germany's national spaces and in the historical drama of Europe in the twentieth century is the product of a West German composer's setting of an East German playwright's text directs us affectively and cognitively toward a particular set of problems: How do we position the national narrative of Germany in the European scene? Where, how, and when does the German nation appear in the state forms that constitute German and European history? What kind of critique can engage productively with the resonant traces of German national fantasy?5 What we intend here is not to bring this rich play of meaning to some kind of analytical closure, but rather to chart out the terrain in which Wolokolamsk Highway continues to produce meaning. Using Miiller and Goebbels's own subversive hermeneutics as a guide, we hope to present a navigational tool that will allow the reader to map out new relationships between the original work, the setting, and the tensions and contradictions within our own collaborative intervention. We hope that this will in turn allow for the discovery of new sources of critical explosiveness in the context of the quickly sedimenting structures of the post-cold war "new world order"— that unraveling the complex fabric of Miiller and Goebbels's Woloko' lamsk Highway might allow for the production of new ways of thinking about the narrativity, iconicity, and acoustics not only of Germany, but of the New Europe as well. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3600965 ID - 575 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bongmba, Elias K. PY - 2001 TI - Fabian and Levinas on Time and the Other: Ethical Implications SP - 7-26 JF - Philosophia Africana VL - 4 IS - 1 N1 - Fabian and Levinas on Time and the Other: Ethical Implications KW - Johannes Fabian Levinas ethics Social Change Action Relevance: 2 philosophy inclusion/exclusion Anthropology Africa Methodology N2 - not available - from intro: In this essay I review the positions of Johannes Fabian and Emmanuel Levinas on "Time and the Other," and argue that both offer possibilities for ethics. Their perspectives demand a new hearing in light of recent concerns in anthropology and African studies with ethical standards in research and a growing discontent with socio-political praxis in Africa. Starting with Fabian, I discuss their views on time and the Other, and offer implications for ethics in Africanist scholarship and social praxis in Africa. UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com//content/depaul/pha/2001/00000004/00000001/art00002 ID - 352 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bonoli, Giuliano PY - 2007 TI - Time Matters SP - 495-520 JF - Comparative Political Studies VL - 40 IS - 5 N1 - Time Matters N1 - 10.1177/0010414005285755 KW - political science policy social change Sequence national time Method: comparative analysis relevance: 3 families labour time Europe timing Uneven development Asynchrony N2 - Western welfare states were built during the postwar years, with one key objective: to protect family (male) breadwinners against the consequences of losing their ability to extract an income from the labor market. Structures of social risk, however, have changed dramatically since then, so that current social risks include precarious employment, long-term unemployment, being a working poor, single parenthood, or inability to reconcile work and family life. Changes in structures of social risk have resulted in the adaptation of welfare states only in the Nordic countries but much less in continental and southern Europe. To account for this divergence in social policy trajectories, this article argues that the reorientation of the Nordic welfare state was possible because new social risks emerged before the maturation of the postwar welfare states. The argument is demonstrated through comparative statistical analysis relating the timing of key socioeconomic developments to current levels of spending in relevant policies. UR - http://cps.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/40/5/495 ID - 741 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Borić, Dušan PY - 2003 TI - ‘Deep time’ metaphor: Mnemonic and apotropaic practices at Lepenski Vir SP - 46-74 JF - Journal of Social Archaeology VL - 3 IS - 1 N1 - ‘Deep time’ metaphor: Mnemonic and apotropaic practices at Lepenski Vir N1 - 10.1177/1469605303003001098 KW - Archaeology memory materiality philosophy Relevance: 2 community archaeology Heritage sites Deep time narrative Monuments time as symbolic resource N2 - How does ‘material memory’ work? Should monumental sites be considered as places of social memory par excellence or perhaps citational practices? With these questions in mind the concepts of citation, trace and repetition are singled out as elements of ‘material memory’. This article addresses evidence from the prehistoric site of Lepenski Vir in south-east Europe, and suggests that the concept of ‘deep time’ constituted the main structuring trope of the sequence. Over the long term, people adhered to physical traces of ‘deep time’, through re-figuring, displacement and circulation of material fragments, which maintained a collective (material) memory. The significance of apotropaism is suggested as a constitutive part of cultural practices and understood as a ‘technology of protection’ with ontological and epistemological relevance, such that it empowers individual agents to cope with various vicissitudes of life by an effective mobilization of ‘deep time’ residues. Examples of narrative sequences at Lepenski Vir are explored, which relate to specific individuals and life cycles of houses. UR - http://jsa.sagepub.com/content/3/1/46.abstract ID - 233 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Borneman, John PY - 1993 TI - Time-Space Compression and the Continental Divide in German Subjectivity SP - 41-58 JF - The Oral History Review VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 00940798 N1 - Time-Space Compression and the Continental Divide in German Subjectivity KW - Time/space compression Germany History Method: oral history changing perceptions of time events perception of time identity national time Relevance: 2 Acceleration of time time and space Subjectivity Asynchrony cultural variants of time N2 - Concepts of time and space orient the way we perceive and understand the world around us and are fundamental to a sense of self. They also differ across cultures and over time.Thus a shift in either category is always experienced as alternately challenging and unnerving exhilarating and stressful disorienting and reorienting, in any case, as deeply troubling. The opening of the Wall in November 1989 precipitated a fundamental shift in the categories of time and space, for Berliners specifically for Germans more generally and even, one might say for the world. What follows is an analysis of the way in which the occasion of the opening as well as events in the year following it -primarily the currency reform and elections-affected a reordering of temporal and spatial categories in both East and West Berlin. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3675019 ID - 594 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boroditsky, L. AU - Gaby, A. PY - 2010 TI - Remembrances of Times East: Absolute Spatial Representations of Time in an Australian Aboriginal Community SP - 1635-1639 JF - Psychological Science VL - 21 IS - 11 SN - 0956-7976 N1 - Remembrances of Times East: Absolute Spatial Representations of Time in an Australian Aboriginal Community AN - WOS:000285456800015 M3 - 10.1177/0956797610386621 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - psychology Australia indigenous Australians indigenous peoples embodiment social time Relevance: 2 cultural variants of time in/commensurability between times N2 - How do people think about time? Here we describe representations of time in Pormpuraaw, a remote Australian Aboriginal community. Pormpuraawans' representations of time differ strikingly from all others documented to date. Previously, people have been shown to represent time spatially from left to right or right to left, or from front to back or back to front. All of these representations are with respect to the body. Pormpuraawans instead arrange time according to cardinal directions: east to west. That is, time flows from left to right when one is facing south, from right to left when one is facing north, toward the body when one is facing east, and away from the body when one is facing west. These findings reveal a qualitatively different set of representations of time, with time organized in a coordinate frame that is independent from others reported previously. The results demonstrate that conceptions of even such fundamental domains as time can differ dramatically across cultures. UR - http://pss.sagepub.com/content/21/11/1635.abstract ID - 9 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Borradori, Giovanna PY - 2001 TI - The temporalization of difference: Reflections on Deleuze's interpretation of Bergson SP - 1-20 JF - Continental Philosophy Review VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 1387-2842 N1 - The temporalization of difference: Reflections on Deleuze's interpretation of Bergson M3 - 10.1023/a:1011418818792 KW - Bergson Deleuze Philosophy experiential time difference Relevance: 3 Continental Philosophy Nietzsche N2 - This paper provides an in-depth analysis of Deleuze's interpretation of Bergson, based on his largely ignored 1956 essay, Bergson's Conception of Difference. In this essay, Deleuze first attacks the Hegelian tradition for misunderstanding the notion of difference by reducing it to negation and then uses Bergson's concept of duration – a flow of purely qualitative mental states – to formulate a notion of difference utterly internal to itself, that is, irreducible to negation. The paper argues that this temporalization of difference represents a permanent feature of Deleuze's philosophy – one particularly visible in his highly influential book on Nietzsche – and concludes that Deleuze's Nietzsche therefore appears molded by a Bergsonian imprint. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011418818792 ID - 354 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Bostyn, Anne-Marie AU - Wight, Daniel PY - 1997 BT - Unemployment: personal and social consequences ED - Finema, Stephen CT - Inside a community: Values associated with time and money CY - London PB - Routledge SP - 138-154 N1 - Inside a community: Values associated with time and money N1 - Google Scholar KW - economics labour time waiting Scotland U.K. europe method: Interviews Method: questionnaires change over time time use life course temporal ordering time as resource time as context temporal boundaries inclusion/exclusion experiential time Repetition Relevance: 2 N2 - not available from the text: This chapter concentrates on two themes arising from a study of an ex-coal-mining village in the central industrial belt of Scotland. We gathered the information over two years while living in a council flat in 'Cauldmoss', by participating in village life and conducting interviews and a questionnaire. UR - http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=ghcOAAAAQAAJ ID - 113 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Boswell, Terry PY - 1989 TI - Colonial Empires and the Capitalist World-Economy: A Time Series Analysis of Colonization, 1640-1960 SP - 180-196 JF - American Sociological Review VL - 54 IS - 2 SN - 00031224 N1 - Colonial Empires and the Capitalist World-Economy: A Time Series Analysis of Colonization, 1640-1960 KW - Sociology Colonialism Capitalism Method: time series analysis Method: quantitative Political theory politics international Relations Relevance: 3 Method: dynamic rather than static western imperialism longue durée international politics long-term perspectives Short-term perspectives method: longitudinal analysis Hierarchy N2 - For most of the history of the capitalist world-economy, imperial conquest was the principal factor in creating a periphery to the European imperial core. This study focuses on how the dynamics of the capitalist world-economy affected the pattern of colonization in the periphery. Colonization is considered a hierarchical alternative to market relations, increased when market relations perform poorly and slowed when the market expands. A time series regression analysis, covering the "longue duree" of the whole system, provides initial comprehensive quantitative support for two central propositions in world-system theory. The findings indicate that long waves of economic expansion and periods of unicentric hegemony negatively affected the rate of colonization. Major wars among core states had no immediate impact but had long-term positive effects. A shift in the international regime brought about by the rise of socialist states also contributed to the decline of formal colonization. The findings point to the utility of long waves, hegemony, and international regimes in long-term historical studies of the trade-off between market and hierarchical relations. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095789 ID - 282 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Botz-Bornstein, T. PY - 2007 TI - From community to time-space development: Comparing N. S. Trubetzkoy, Nishida Kitaro, and Watsuji Tetsuro SP - 263-282 JF - Asian Philosophy VL - 17 IS - 3 SN - 0955-2367 N1 - From community to time-space development: Comparing N. S. Trubetzkoy, Nishida Kitaro, and Watsuji Tetsuro AN - WOS:000253163900005 M3 - 10.1080/09552360701708720 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - philosophy Asian Philosphy Continental Philosophy evolution nostalgia Bergson Deleuze Russia Darwin Japan Method: comparative analysis nationalism imagined pasts Relevance: 2 time and space Modernization Development N2 - I introduce and compare Russian and Japanese notions of community and space. Some characteristic strains of thought that exist in both countries had similar points of departure, overcame similar problems and arrived at similar results. In general, in Japan and Russia, the nostalgia for the community has been strong because one felt that in society through modernization something of the particularity Of one's culture had been lost. As a consequence, both in Japan and in Russia allusions to the German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies' book Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft are frequent. In the end I associate the Japanese as well as the Russian ideas with neo-Darwinian versions of the theme of evolution as it has been developed by Henri Bergson, Gilles Deleuze, and Felix Guattari. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a788296541~frm=abslink ID - 17 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Bourdieu, Pierre PY - 1990 BT - The Sociology of Time ED - Hassard, John CT - Time Perspectives of the Kabyle CY - London PB - MacMillan SP - 219-237 N1 - Time Perspectives of the Kabyle N1 - 1963 KW - social time Anthropology task oriented time labour time Relevance: 2 Sociology changing perceptions of time Bourdieu N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=trRHAAAAYAAJ ID - 356 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Boyarin, Jonathan PY - 1994 TI - Remapping memory: The politics of timespace CY - Minneapolis, Min PB - University of Minnesota Press N1 - Remapping memory: The politics of timespace KW - memory politics Anthropology nationalism Relevance: 2 politics of time time and space time as tool for political legitimation Method: case study conceptions of time method: ethnography collective memory western imperialism history N2 - The essays in this book focus on contested memories in relation to time and space. Within the context of several profound cultural and political conflicts in the contemporary world, the contributors analyze historical self-configurations of human groups, and the construction by these groups of the spaces they shape and that shape them. What emerges is a view of the state as a highly contingent artifact of groups vying for legitimacy-whether through their own sense of "insiderhood," their control of positions within hierarchies, or their control of geographical territories. Boyarin's lead essay shows how the supposedly "objective" categories of space and time are, in fact, specific products of European modernity. Each case study, in turn, addresses the (re)constitution of space, time, and memory in relation to an event either of historical significance, like the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, or of cultural importance, like the Indian preoccupation with reincarnation. These ethnographic studies explore fundamental questions about the nature of memory, the limits of politics, and the complex links between them. By focusing on personal and collective identity as the site where constructions of memory and dimensionality are tested, shaped, and effected, the authors offer a new way of understanding how the politics of space, time and memory are negotiated to bring people to terms with their history. Contributors: Akhil Gupta, Stanford University; Charles R. Hale, University of California, Davis; Carina Perelli, PEITHO, Montevideo, Uruguay; Jennifer Schirmer, Center for European Studies, Harvard; Daniel A. Segal, Pitzer College, Claremont, California; Lisa Yoneyama, University of California, San Diego. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hfjhSCeIingC&lpg=PR5 ID - 357 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Boym, Svetlana PY - 2002 BT - The Future of Nostalgia CY - New York, NY PB - Basic Books N1 - The Future of Nostalgia KW - nostalgia Memory Philosophy history Collective memory narrative Migration shared past Russia Germany Europe Benjamin Art cinema Temporal conflict historiography Asynchrony What might have been Multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 communism postcommunism N2 - What happens to Old World memories in a New World order? Svetlana Boym opens up a new avenue of inquiry: the study of nostalgia.. Combining personal memoir, philosophical essay, and historical analysis, Svetlana Boym explores the spaces of collective nostalgia that connect national biography and personal self-fashioning in the twenty-first century. She guides us through the ruins and construction sites of post-communist cities-St. Petersburg, Moscow, Berlin, and Prague-and the imagined homelands of exiles-Benjamin, Nabokov, Mandelstahm, and Brodsky. From Jurassic Park to the Totalitarian Sculpture Garden, Boym unravels the threads of this global epidemic of longing and its antidotes. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=7BbTJ6qVPMcC ID - 714 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brace, Catherine AU - Geoghegan, Hilary PY - 2011 TI - Human geographies of climate change: Landscape, temporality, and lay knowledges SP - 284-302 JF - Progress in Human Geography VL - 35 IS - 3 N1 - Human geographies of climate change: Landscape, temporality, and lay knowledges KW - landscape Knowledge Critical temporalities climate change landscape methodology Multiple temporalities Affect Relevance: 2 environment Geography human Geography Relationality N2 - In this paper we bring together work on landscape, temporality and lay knowledges to propose new ways of understanding climate change. A focus on the familiar landscapes of everyday life offers an opportunity to examine how climate change could be researched as a relational phenomenon, understood on a local level, with distinctive spatialities and temporalities. Climate change can be observed in relation to landscape but also felt, sensed, apprehended emotionally as part of the fabric of everyday life in which acceptance, denial, resignation and action co-exist as personal and social responses to the local manifestations of a global problem. UR - http://phg.sagepub.com/content/35/3/284.abstract ID - 358 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Brady, Mary Pat PY - 2003 BT - Extinct Lands, Temporal Geographies: Chicana Literature and The Urgency of Space CY - Durham PB - Duke University Press N1 - Extinct Lands, Temporal Geographies: Chicana Literature and The Urgency of Space KW - geography Human Geography USA literary theory feminism Mexico Relevance: 3 time and space change over time news history N2 - A train station becomes a police station; lands held sacred by Apaches and Mexicanos are turned into commercial and residential zones; freeway construction hollows out a community; a rancho becomes a retirement community—these are the kinds of spatial transformations that concern Mary Pat Brady in Extinct Lands, Temporal Geographies, a book bringing together Chicana feminism, cultural geography, and literary theory to analyze an unusual mix of Chicana texts through the concept of space. Beginning with nineteenth-century short stories and essays and concluding with contemporary fiction, this book reveals how Chicana literature offers a valuable theoretics of space. The history of the American Southwest in large part entails the transformation of lived, embodied space into zones of police surveillance, warehouse districts, highway interchanges, and shopping malls—a movement that Chicana writers have contested from its inception. Brady examines this long-standing engagement with space, first in the work of early newspaper essayists and fiction writers who opposed Anglo characterizations of Northern Sonora that were highly detrimental to Mexican Americans, and then in the work of authors who explore border crossing. Through the writing of Sandra Cisneros, Cherríe Moraga, Terri de la Peña, Norma Cantú, Monserrat Fontes, Gloria Anzaldúa, and others, Brady shows how categories such as race, gender, and sexuality are spatially enacted and created—and made to appear natural and unyielding. In a spatial critique of the war on drugs, she reveals how scale—the process by which space is divided, organized, and categorized—has become a crucial tool in the management and policing of the narcotics economy. This book makes a significant contribution to an understanding of the literary history, social evolution, and spatial definition of the Southwest. review of book available at: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/mln/v119/119.2monasterios.html UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Extinct_lands_temporal_geographies.html?id=S4QqXh-NuUgC ID - 359 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brah, Avtar PY - 1994 TI - Time, Place, and Others: Discourses of Race, Nation, and Ethnicity SP - 805-813 JF - Sociology VL - 28 IS - 3 N1 - Time, Place, and Others: Discourses of Race, Nation, and Ethnicity N1 - 10.1177/0038038594028003010 KW - Relevance: 4 sociology N2 - Review of four related monographs UR - http://soc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/28/3/805 ID - 619 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Braidotti, Rosi PY - 2000 TI - Once upon a Time in Europe SP - 1061-1064 JF - Signs VL - 25 IS - 4 SN - 00979740 N1 - Once upon a Time in Europe KW - Feminism feminist theory identity Difference politics Relevance: 4 N2 - Not available... short statement of research agenda UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3175487 ID - 295 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Braun, Kathrin PY - 2007 TI - Biopolitics and Temporality in Arendt and Foucault SP - 5-23 JF - Time & Society VL - 16 IS - 1 N1 - Biopolitics and Temporality in Arendt and Foucault KW - biopolitics Arendt Foucault Philosophy politics natality Messianic time non-linear time Relevance: 2 political community critical temporalities time as tool for political legitimation processual Break in time N2 - The article demonstrates that Hannah Arendt’s examination of modern temporality strongly intersects with Michel Foucault’s diagnosis of modern biopolitics. Both observe three key features of biopolitical modernity: the political zoefication of life, a technocratic understanding of politics, and processual temporality which link the project of modernity to the project of 20th-century totalitarianism. Arendt, however, also offers an alternative, nonbiopolitical understanding of politics, life, and time captured in the concept of natality. Built into the concept of natality is the ‘weakly’ messianic temporal structure of the interval as opposed to processual temporality. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/16/1/5.abstract ID - 360 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brewer, Marilynn B. PY - 1991 TI - The Social Self: On Being the Same and Different at the Same Time SP - 475-482 JF - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin VL - 17 IS - 5 N1 - The Social Self: On Being the Same and Different at the Same Time N1 - 10.1177/0146167291175001 KW - Psychology identity hybrid identity belonging contradictory present Relevance: 3 social psychology Asynchrony Subjectivity inclusion/exclusion N2 - Most of social psychology's theories of the self fail to take into account the significance of social identification in the definition of self. Social identities are self-definitions that are more inclusive than the individuated self-concept of most American psychology. A model of optimal distinctiveness is proposed in which social identity is viewed as a reconciliation of opposing needs for assimilation and differentiation from others. According to this model, individuals avoid self-construals that are either too personalized or too inclusive and instead define themselves in terms of distinctive category memberships. Social identity and group loyalty are hypothesized to be strongest for those self-categorizations that simultaneously provide for a sense of belonging and a sense of distinctiveness. Results from an initial laboratory experiment support the prediction that depersonalization and group size interact as determinants of the strength of social identification. UR - http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/17/5/475 ID - 782 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brochu, Christopher A. AU - Sumrall, Colin D. AU - Theodor, Jessica M. PY - 2004 TI - When Clocks (And Communities) Collide: Estimating Divergence Time from Molecules and the Fossil Record SP - 1-6 JF - Journal of Paleontology VL - 78 IS - 1 SN - 00223360 N1 - When Clocks (And Communities) Collide: Estimating Divergence Time from Molecules and the Fossil Record N1 - JSTOR KW - knowledge production clocks communication methodology relevance: 3 evolution Biological time biology time reckoning N2 - discusses debates over accuracy of fossil records versus molecular clocks and need for more interaction between experts in both areas. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4094833 ID - 85 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brookes, Rod PY - 1998 TI - Time, National Identity and Television Schedules in the `Postbroadcast Age' SP - 369-381 JF - Time & Society VL - 7 IS - 2-3 N1 - Time, National Identity and Television Schedules in the `Postbroadcast Age' N1 - 10.1177/0961463X98007002011 KW - media nationalism Scheduling Changing perceptions of time Technology globalisation events temporal flow time and space Relevance: 2 identity Suspensions of everyday time U.K. N2 - This research note proposes that the analysis of changing time structures relating to new media technologies and institutions could contribute to an understanding of the transformation, rather than the demise, of national identities at a time of increased globalization. It examines the role of extraordinary media events as well as everyday media use in the construction of national identities, and assesses the effects of changing broadcast schedules in the UK with special attention given to the issue of temporal `flow'. In so doing, the author seeks to identify the conceptual issues around which the time-space implications of the new media context can be explored. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/2-3/369 ID - 609 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brose, Hanns-Georg PY - 2004 TI - An Introduction towards a Culture of Non-Simultaneity? SP - 5-26 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 1 N1 - An Introduction towards a Culture of Non-Simultaneity? N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04040740 KW - Simultaneity social time time as horizon duration social change globalisation Asynchrony Temporal ordering linear time Changing perceptions of time Complexity theory Contradictory present temporal conflict action Relevance: 2 industrialisation time as symbolic resource Schutz N2 - There are three different concepts and analytical aspects of social time in contemporary western societies that are referred to in this article: (1) the different tempos of social processes and (2) the varying time horizons of ‘socially expected durations’ (Merton, 1986). It is argued that due to spatial, technological and socio-economic changes a third, more fundamental evolution of temporality is emerging: (3) an increasing simultaneity of events in our ‘world at reach’ (Schutz and Luckmann, 1983). The different tempos and time-scopes being causes and effects of this phenomenal simultaneity. An increase in simultaneity necessarily provokes an increase in non-simultaneity.‘Classical’ mechanisms of temporal ordering of non-simultaneous events are sequencing and linear processing. It is claimed, that these mechanisms, typical of industrial modernity, are complemented by efforts and exigencies of coping with complexity in a simultaneous mode. It is assumed that the abilities of actors and social systems of parallel and simultaneous processing are enhanced but after all remain limited. Therefore, a growing realm of non-simultaneity remains open to meaningful interpretation. This is what significance an emerging culture of nonsimultaneity has. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/13/1/5.abstract ID - 898 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Brough, John B. PY - 1996 BT - Phenomenology, Interpretation, and Community ED - Langsdorf, Lenore ED - Watson, Stephen H. ED - Bower, E. Marya CT - Presence and Absence in Husserl's Phenomenology of Time-Consciousness CY - Albany PB - SUNY Press SP - 3-15 N1 - Presence and Absence in Husserl's Phenomenology of Time-Consciousness N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Husserl Relevance: 3 phenomenology Continental Philosophy philosophy presence experiential time N2 - Abstract for book: If none of this simply dissolves the evidence that the phenomenologist seeks to interrogate or the judgments that result from this interrogation--indeed, if it still must be claimed that there are instances in which it would be irrational to judge otherwise and that we are morally obligated at times to confront both the complexity of their limits, the summons of their responsibility, and the heterogeneous interface between interpretation and community. Indeed, in many ways, as has been seen, the problem of this interface has accompanied the itinerary of phenomenology itself--one that doubtless bears thinking and rethinking. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=cVYCcklydYMC http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=phil&AN=1639574 ID - 150 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Brough, John B PY - 2002 TI - Time and the one and the many JF - Philosophy Today VL - 5 IS - 142-153 N1 - Time and the one and the many KW - Husserl experiential time phenomenology Continental Philosophy Philosophy Relevance: 2 experiential time Relationality intersubjectivity N2 - This focus on the consciousness of time, embracing both the time of which we are conscious and the consciousness of it, uncovers a rich and layered array of one/many relationships. Indeed, it is reasonable to claim that Husserl's phenomenology of temporality is precisely the investigation of the interplay of the one and the many within levels and among levels of time and time-consciousness. The aim of this essay is to examine several of the ways in which such interplays appear in the Bernauer Manuscripts. UR - not available ID - 361 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Brown, Wendy PY - 2001 BT - Politics Out of History CY - Princeton and Oxford PB - Princeton University Press N1 - Politics Out of History KW - Philosophy politics Political philosophy modernity futurity history Critical temporalities Benjamin Past in the present political theory Postmodernism Relevance: 2 Continental Philosophy Derrida feminism progress Assumptions about time obscuring x time as tool for political legitimation historical time critical temporalities Marxism nietzsche N2 - What happens to left and liberal political orientations when faith in progress is broken, when both the sovereign individual and sovereign states seem tenuous, when desire seems as likely to seek punishment as freedom, when all political conviction is revealed as contingent and subjective? Politics Out of History is animated by the question of how we navigate the contemporary political landscape when the traditional compass points of modernity have all but disappeared. Wendy Brown diagnoses a range of contemporary political tendencies--from moralistic high-handedness to low-lying political despair in politics, from the difficulty of formulating political alternatives to reproaches against theory in intellectual life--as the consequence of this disorientation.Politics Out of History also presents a provocative argument for a new approach to thinking about history--one that forsakes the idea that history has a purpose and treats it instead as a way of illuminating openings in the present by, for example, identifying the haunting and constraining effects of past injustices unresolved. Brown also argues for a revitalized relationship between intellectual and political life, one that cultivates the autonomy of each while promoting their interlocutory potential. This book will be essential reading for all who find the trajectories of contemporary liberal democracies bewildering and are willing to engage readings of a range of thinkers--Freud, Marx, Nietzsche, Spinoza, Benjamin, Derrida--to rethink democratic possibility in our time. UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=1ruoMPMrw1oC ID - 362 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Bryson, Valerie PY - 2007 BT - Gender and the Politics of Time. Feminist theory and contemporary debates CY - Bristol PB - Policy Press N1 - Gender and the Politics of Time. Feminist theory and contemporary debates KW - gender politics feminist theory political theory Labour time time scarcity Temporal conflict Policy inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 women's time care work temporal inequality politics of time N2 - Issues around work-life balance are high on the political agenda, reflecting a general concern that 'time poverty' may be damaging to individuals, society, and the economy. Women's increased role in the labor market has combined with concerns about the damaging effects of long working hours to push time-related issues up the policy agenda in many Western nations. Wide-ranging and accessible, this book assesses policy alternatives in the light of feminist theory and factual evidence. Gender and the Politics of Time examines how political theory can improve our understanding of the society in which we live, and thereby contribute to policies aimed at reducing exploitation and enabling more people to realize their human potential. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=T1JxgmddQg4C ID - 956 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bryson, Valerie PY - 2008 TI - Time-Use Studies: a potentially feminist tool? SP - 135-153 JF - International Journal of Feminist Politics VL - 10 IS - 2 N1 - Time-Use Studies: a potentially feminist tool? KW - Method: time-use data feminism Method: quantitative gender Care work temporal inequality power Method: case study U.K. Activism relevance: 2 feminist theory women's time Assumptions about time obscuring x families Methodology critique of discipline children/youth N2 - Many feminists see inequalities in time use as a key aspect of male privilege and female disadvantage. Many also see quantitative time-use studies as an important resource, providing empirical evidence to support their claims. However, more theoretical work on the nature and meaning of time suggests that the studies are based on male experiences and assumptions. As such, they cannot capture the implications of caring responsibilities, and their use both obscures important aspects of temporal inequality and reinforces the hegemony of male perspectives. This article assesses these arguments, focusing on western democracies and using childcare in the UK as a case study. It finds that some time-use research has indeed misrepresented the extent and nature of continuing temporal inequalities. However, some more recent work is clearly informed by feminist concerns and has the potential to provide more sophisticated understanding. The article concludes that time-use studies can serve as a feminist tool, but only if their limitations are recognized. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616740801957513 ID - 2040 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bryson, Valerie AU - Deery, Ruth PY - 2010 TI - Public policy, 'men's time' and power: The work of community midwives in the British National Health Service SP - 91-98 JF - Womens Studies International Forum VL - 33 IS - 2 SN - 0277-5395 N1 - Public policy, 'men's time' and power: The work of community midwives in the British National Health Service AN - WOS:000276598400004 M3 - 10.1016/j.wsif.2009.11.004 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Policy gender power U.K. Health care Feminism Community health England women's time Cyclical time linear time labour time inclusion/exclusion reproductive time critical temporalities Relevance: 2 public and private time power temporal inequality care work N2 - This article links theoretical work on time and gender to a case study of community-based midwives in the British National Health Service in England. While it rejects universalism or essentialism, the article argues that continuing social differences make it meaningful to talk about 'women's time' (cyclical, qualitative, relational, and natural time, particularly associated with private life and care) and 'men's time' (linear, quantitative, commodified, and clock time, particularly associated with the capitalist workplace). It also argues that gendered time cultures are bound up with gender differences in power. The case study finds that midwives experience a damaging clash between hegemonic 'men's time' and the time needs of women. It also finds that, despite some recent women-friendly changes in maternity care at the level of rhetoric, market-driven reforms have consolidated an inappropriate 'time is money' rationality. The article concludes that we need to reassert the value of 'women's time' in the interests of us all. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277539509001381 ID - 2 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Buciek, Keld AU - Bærenholdt, Jørgen Ole AU - Juul, Kristine PY - 2006 TI - Whose Heritage? Immigration and Place Narratives in Denmark SP - 185-197 JF - Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography VL - 88 IS - 2 SN - 04353684 N1 - Whose Heritage? Immigration and Place Narratives in Denmark KW - heritage migration narrative Denmark human Geography Geography Anthropology identity Belonging heritage sites counter traditions Multiple heritages Method: dynamic rather than static Relevance: 2 policy Europe inclusion/exclusion Multiculturalism Asynchrony history N2 - Questions of heritage, of ownership of discourses of past and present are important elements in present-day struggles over identity and belonging, not least those related to immigration policy. None the less, the perspective of immmigrant groups is often overlooked when decisions are taken concerning preservation of heritage sites. Since the late 1960s the area around Frederiksværk, Northern Zealand has become the home of large numbers of immigrants, notably from ex-Yugoslavia, who were brought to Denmark to serve as rank and file in the then booming steel industry. In spite of their undeniable contribution to the development of the town, the cultural heritage of this relatively large immigrant population takes up very little space in the official branding of the town as a key site in the industrial history of Denmark. This article discusses the various place narratives in relation to immigrants in the case of Frederiksværk. We take as our point of departure the Danish notion of kulturmiljø (cultural milieu), which is more material than the notion of heritage. This discussion focuses on the ability ofkulturmiljø to capture and incorporate the multiple and often contradictory cultural practices of different groups of actors and not the least to transgress the often rather static and confined view on local history, which often results from the heritage perspective. We analyze how different actors, notably the Yugoslavs, are represented in the narratives of the town, and how Yugoslav immigrants themselves perceive their position in Frederiksværk. Furthermore, we attempt to register some of the imprints made by immigrants on the material and cultural fabric, possibly useful to include in a kulturmiljø of Frederiksværk. The conclusion assesses the potentials and limitations of the kulturmiljø approach with regard to making visible the place narratives of immigrants. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3878387 ID - 1031 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bull, C. N. PY - 1978 TI - Chronology - Field of Social Time SP - 288-297 JF - Journal of Leisure Research VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0022-2216 N1 - Chronology - Field of Social Time AN - WOS:A1978GQ46000004 KW - social time leisure time Chronology Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 807 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burkitt, Ian PY - 2004 TI - The time and space of everyday life SP - 211 - 227 JF - Cultural Studies VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0950-2386 N1 - The time and space of everyday life Y2 - November 05, 2010 KW - Cultural studies social time time discipline management temporal conflict time and space organisational temporalities methodology Relevance: 2 Capitalism homogenising present coordinating between different times critical temporalities normativity Bureaucracy love friendship activism N2 - This article argues that everyday life is related to all social relations and activities, including both the 'official' practices that are codified and normalized and the "unofficial" practices and articulations of experience. Indeed, everyday life is seen as the single plane of immanence in which these two forms of practice and articulation interrelate and affect one another. The lived experience of everyday life is multidimensional, composed of various social fields of practice that are articulated, codified and normalized to different degrees and in different ways (either officially or unofficially). Moving through these fields in daily life, we are aware of passing through different zones of time and space. There are aspects of everyday relations and practices more open to government, institutionalization, and official codification, while others are more resistant and provide the basis for opposition and social movements. Everyday life is a mixture of diverse and differentially produced and articulated forms, each combining time and space in a unique way. What we refer to as ‘institutions’ associated with the state or the economy are attempts to fix social practice in time and space – to contain it in specific geographical sites and codify it in official discourses. The relations and practices more often associated with everyday life – such as friendship, love, comradeship and relations of communication – are more fluid, open and dispersed across time and space. However, the two should not be uncoupled in social analysis, as they are necessarily interrelated in processes of social and political change. This is especially so in contemporary capitalism or, as Lefebvre called it, the ‘bureaucratic society of controlled consumption’. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/0950238042000201491 ID - 364 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burrowes, Robert PY - 1970 TI - Multiple Time-Series Analysis of Nation-Level Data SP - 465-480 JF - Comparative Political Studies VL - 2 IS - 4 N1 - Multiple Time-Series Analysis of Nation-Level Data M3 - 10.1177/001041407000200404 KW - Method: time series analysis political science politics Method: comparative analysis international politics international Relations Method: longitudinal analysis methodology Relevance: 2 time as missing element Transnational Method: quantitative N2 - not available - from intro: THIS NOTE URGES students of comparative and international politics to make greater use of longitudinal techniques in general and multiple time-series analysis in particular. It suggests that under certain circumstances, longitudinal analysis of one or a small common cross-sectional analysis of a very large number of nations. The case for longitudinal research turns in part on the intractability of some of the difficulties presently encountered in the cross-sectional analysis of nation-level aggregate data. More important, however, are the peculiar merits of longitudinal case studies. Sidney Verba (1967: 114) in a recent and rather sober assessment of both idiosyncratic single-nation studies and global comparative studies, has urged students of macropolitics to focus on the intermediate goal of a 'disciplined configurative approach'. Longitudinal case studies seem a particularly suitable means towards this end. My attention to this question of research strategy grows out of interests in multivariate analysis of both national political development and within- and between-nation conflict behavior. But I assume that the discussion which follows applies with equal force to many other substantive areas of interest for those using quantitative techniques to study comparative and international politics. UR - http://cps.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/2/4/465 ID - 620 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Burton, Stacy PY - 1996 TI - Bakhtin, Temporality, and Modern Narrative: Writing "the Whole Triumphant Murderous Unstoppable Chute" SP - 39-64 JF - Comparative Literature VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 00104124 N1 - Bakhtin, Temporality, and Modern Narrative: Writing "the Whole Triumphant Murderous Unstoppable Chute" KW - Bakhtin Narrative literary theory literature multiple temporalities Relevance: 3 chronotopes Method: comparative analysis modernity time as missing element linear time N2 - Not available - from intro: critical studies of point of view assess numerous different perspectives through which narratives take shape...Though these approaches have certainly provided useful methods for "naming the parts" of complicated narratives, each leaves key questions unasked and is more derivative than fundamental. All are strongly formal and presume that describing a text's structure or tracing it according to literary typologies generally suffices to explain its significance. They fall short when it comes to more complicated questions about what precisely it is that difficult modern narratives reveal about temporality. In much discussion of time and narrative, even the meaning of the word "time" remains vague, often relying on an unwritten premise that time is a unitary, explicable phenomenon...Critical theory stands in need of a theory of narrative temporality grounded in a contemporary understanding of time's complexity and multiplicity. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1771629 ID - 254 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Byrne, David PY - 1997 TI - Social exclusion and capitalism: The reserve army across time and space SP - 27-51 JF - Critical Social Policy VL - 17 IS - 50 N1 - Social exclusion and capitalism: The reserve army across time and space N1 - 10.1177/026101839701705002 N1 - SAGE KW - inclusion/exclusion Capitalism Development Policy Relevance: 3 time and space labour time contradictory present complexity theory change over time N2 - This article was stimulated by Levitas's (1996) reminder that we need to consider the fundamental nature of capitalism when dealing with the issues currently identified in European social politics under the rubric of 'social exclusion'. It draws on accounts of the simultaneous processes of development and underdevelopment as capitalist strategies in order to understand the apparent bifurcation of the contemporary social order. A critique of 'regulation theory' perspectives on these issues, and of the kind of social politics derived from them, is informed by a vocabulary drawn from 'complexity theory'. The article reviews available statistical descriptions of household and individual circumstances in the UK and of changes in these circumstances over time, and concludes that the reserve army has been effectively recreated en masse as a method of facilitating capitalist accumulation and that much of contemporary social policy has to be understood as facilitating this process. UR - http://csp.sagepub.com/content/17/50/27.abstractN2 ID - 224 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cackowski, Zdzislaw PY - 1994 TI - Social-Cultural Time and the Problem of Universalism SP - 5-8 JF - Dialogue and Humanism: The Universalist Journal VL - 4 IS - 1 N1 - Social-Cultural Time and the Problem of Universalism N1 - Philosopher's Index KW - Philosophy social time Globalisation standardisation Relevance: 1 N2 - The human development leading to the formation of global, universal community was accompanied and conditioned by the adequate development of the global (more and more abstract) forms of articulation of the human/ social time; the study of the processes of creating more and more global/ abstract forms of time's articulation is and should be a constitutive part of the process of the universalization/ globalization of the human community. UR - not available ID - 159 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cahn, Edgar S. PY - 1999 TI - Time dollars, work and community: from 'why?' to 'why not?' SP - 499-509 JF - Futures VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0016-3287 N1 - Time dollars, work and community: from 'why?' to 'why not?' N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Time banking labour time economics inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 policy Social capital future studies N2 - Conventional notions of work and economics are failing our communities. We need to rethink how we can provide a chance for every member of society to secure work and have a minimally decent standard of living. This essay describes an innovative strategy that generates social capital by using a system of bartering time. Time Dollars schemes transform jobless individuals in communities from a burden into assets. People earn Time Dollars by helping others and then use them to buy essential services, purchase goods, and thus play an invaluable part in building and strengthening community. By freeing communities to ask 'Why not?' Time Dollars mobilise human resources in a host of beneficial ways and open up a whole variety of hitherto unimagined possibilities. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016328799000099 ID - 27 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Calbi, Maurizio PY - 2006 TI - "The Ghost of Strangers": Hospitality, Identity and Temporality in Caryl Phillips's "The Nature of Blood" SP - 38-54 JF - Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 15310485 N1 - "The Ghost of Strangers": Hospitality, Identity and Temporality in Caryl Phillips's "The Nature of Blood" KW - Cultural Studies identity literature literary theory postcolonialism multiple temporalities inclusion/exclusion home history Past in the present memory Relevance: 3 Belonging Hospitality N2 - This article investigates how Caryl Phillips retells Othello's story as a creative reappropriation of Shakespeare's play. In The Nature of Blood, Phillips s previous ironic stance toward Othello as "a black European success" turns into a more complex response, which implicitly acknowledges that this Shakespearean "other" stands for multiple subject positions. The black general of Phillips's retelling subterraneously links with the other figures of "dis-location," which appear in the stories that make up the rest of the novel. These uncanny juxtapositions allow Phillips to explore the interimplication of various forms of marginalisation and displacement from early modernity to our postcolonial present. The solution to marginalisation and displacement is not to be found, however, in a rigid sense of identity and belonging, or in essentialist notions of "home." "Home" seems to reside in the imaginative gap between desire and its fulfillment. The fulfillment of the desire for home is equivalent to the marginalisation of a host of others. Inextricably bound with the question of home is the question of hospitality. Phillips not only indicts the hostility and brutalities of the Nazi regime through the story of Eva Stern; he is also sceptical of "liberal" concepts of hospitality. His novel, the article concludes, welcomes the "strangeness" of identity, and repeatedly brings to the fore the "ghosts of strangers." These are "ghosts" whose traumatic memories cannot be entirely dispelled or wholly assimilated, and do not fit in with the linear, homogeneous and empty time of historicism. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/40339572 ID - 255 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Calcagno, Antonio PY - 2004 TI - Jacques Derrida and Alain Badiou: Is there a relation between politics and time? SP - 799-815 N1 - November 1, 2004 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 30 IS - 7 N1 - Jacques Derrida and Alain Badiou: Is there a relation between politics and time? M3 - 10.1177/0191453704047009 KW - events political theory politics Continental Philosophy philosophy futurity Unpredictibility Derrida political time experiential time action Relevance: 2 politics of time Democracy Badiou N2 - This paper argues that though Derrida is correct to bring to the fore the undecidability that is contained in his political notion of the democracy to come, his account does not extend the aporia of undecidable politics far enough. Derrida himself makes evident this gap. Though politics may be structured with undecidability, there are times when direct, decisive and definitive political interventions are required. In his campaign against capital punishment, the blitzing campaigns in Bosnia and Iraq, and in his call for les villes-refuges, Derrida makes decisive appeals which somehow seem to contradict the undecidability he sees as arch-structuring. Alain Badiou's thinking about time as a subjective, decisive intervention executed within his ontological framework of undecidability and multiplicity can serve to extend the aporia of undecidability inherent in politics, ultimately giving an account for both the undecidability that structures politics and the decisive timely interventions that would seem to contradict Derridean undecidability. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/30/7/799 ID - 367 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Calcagno, Antonio PY - 2007 BT - Badiou and Derrida: Politics, Events and Their Time CY - London, New York PB - Continuum International N1 - Badiou and Derrida: Politics, Events and Their Time KW - Continental Philosophy Derrida Philosophy Political theory events political time politics Unpredictibility action Relevance: 2 politics of time Badiou N2 - This exciting new book makes a major contribution to Continental philosophy, bringing together for the first time the crucial work on politics by two giants of contemporary French philosophy, Jacques Derrida and Alain Badiou. Derrida has long been recognized as one of the most influential and indeed controversial thinkers in contemporary philosophy and Badiou is fast emerging as a central figure in French thought, as well as in Anglo-American philosophy - his magnum opus, Being and Event, and its long-awaited sequel, Logics of Worlds, have confirmed his position as one of the most significant thinkers working in philosophy today. Both philosophers have devoted a substantial amount of their oeuvre to politics and the question of the nature of the political. Here Antonio Calcagno shows how the political views of these two major thinkers diverge and converge, thus providing a comprehensive exposition of their respective political systems. Both Badiou and Derrida give the event a central role in structuring politics and political thinking and Calcagno advances a theory about the relationship between political events and time that can account for both political undecidability and decidability. This book navigates some very intriguing developments in Continental thought and offers a clear and fascinating account of the political theories of two major contemporary thinkers. PART ONE Introduction: Time and Politics 1 PART TWO Derrida and the Democracy to Come 19 PART THREE Badiou, Time and Politics 108 CONCLUSION Filling Out the Aporia that is Politics 175 UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=NagUAQAAIAAJ&q ID - 368 ER - TY - THES AU - Caldwell, Melissa L. PY - 1999 TI - Where there is no hunger : food, time, and community in Moscow CY - Harvard UniversityDept. of, Anthropology N1 - Where there is no hunger : food, time, and community in Moscow N1 - /z-wcorg/ N1 - http://worldcat.org N1 - English KW - food Russia Anthropology Relevance: unknown Agriculture N2 - not avilable UR - http://www.worldcat.org/title/where-there-is-no-hunger-food-time-and-community-in-moscow/oclc/77070436 ID - 130 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Callahan, William A. PY - 2006 TI - War, Shame, and Time: Pastoral Governance and National Identity in England and America SP - 395-419 JF - International Studies Quarterly VL - 50 IS - 2 SN - 00208833 N1 - War, Shame, and Time: Pastoral Governance and National Identity in England and America KW - International Relations War nationalism identity Affect England U.K. USA Commemorative events Sacred time religion Relevance: 2 critical temporalities national time changing perceptions of time continuity over time shame political community N2 - This essay examines the emergence of national identity in international society through the curious example of "National Humiliation Day," a special holiday proclaimed by the head of state in wartime and celebrated in local churches throughout the nation. It argues that the observation of humiliation days produces the nation as the sacred political community because it figures both problems and solutions in a "national" time that is radically different from the dynastic and ecclesiastical times that defined medieval Europe. Unlike those who suggest that the Peace of Westphalia instituted a dramatic shift to an international system of secular states, the essay argues that national humiliation days demonstrate an enduring overlap between the transcendental world order of religion and the temporal world order of territorial states. National humiliation days share not just an invocation of God in politics, but the continual invocation of the nation as the sacred political community. Thus, rather than being the result of a secularizing process, the nation is continually constructed through pastoral governance. The essay's second argument is more theoretical. It is common in constructivism and critical international relations theory to argue that nations are constructed through the production of foreign enemies in a clear division of a virtuous inside from a vicious outside. National humiliation day texts help us question this understanding of identity politics because they concentrate their critique on the national self rather than a foreign Other; the self here "Others" itself in a productive and contingent identity politics that allows more space for criticism and resistance. Yet the resistance generated in these humiliation holiday texts is not to nationalism as a category of identity per se, but to specific oppressive forms of the nation. Thus the essay concludes that the nation is generated not just through pastoral governance, but also through resistance to pastoral governance. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3693616 ID - 598 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Campbell, Karen E. AU - Lee, Barrett A. PY - 1992 TI - Sources of Personal Neighbor Networks: Social Integration, Need, or Time? SP - 1077-1100 JF - Social Forces VL - 70 IS - 4 SN - 00377732 N1 - Sources of Personal Neighbor Networks: Social Integration, Need, or Time? KW - urban communities Sociology Method: social network analysis USA inclusion/exclusion time scarcity Relevance: 2 time spent with community Method: surveys N2 - In response to Wirth's (1938) image of city dwellers as isolated individuals lacking strong ties to others, urban sociologists and network analysts have closely examined personal networks. Because neighbors are vital components of such networks, we examine three theoretical perspectives offered to explain the links between statuses and neighbor networks: social integration, need, and available time. Survey evidence from 690 adults in 81 Nashville, Tennessee neighborhoods best supports a social integration interpretation - those in statuses well integrated into society in general (female, middle-aged, married, and high-SES respondents) have larger networks within their neighborhoods. Need may be the inverse of integration, for low-SES persons, though maintaining smaller networks, have more frequent and intense contact with their neighbors. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2580202 ID - 677 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Candia, Julián AU - González, Marta C AU - Wang, Pu AU - Schoenharl, Timothy AU - Madey, Greg AU - Barabási, Albert-László PY - 2008 TI - Uncovering individual and collective human dynamics from mobile phone records SP - 224015 JF - Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical VL - 41 IS - 22 SN - 1751-8113 N1 - Uncovering individual and collective human dynamics from mobile phone records KW - Method: dynamic rather than static Method: time series analysis Method: social network analysis Physics Technology Relevance: 3 Media time and space N2 - Novel aspects of human dynamics and social interactions are investigated by means of mobile phone data. Using extensive phone records resolved in both time and space, we study the mean collective behavior at large scales and focus on the occurrence of anomalous events. We discuss how these spatiotemporal anomalies can be described using standard percolation theory tools. We also investigate patterns of calling activity at the individual level and show that the interevent time of consecutive calls is heavy-tailed. This finding, which has implications for dynamics of spreading phenomena in social networks, agrees with results previously reported on other human activities. UR - citeulike-article-id:3910403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/41/22/224015 ID - 1998 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Candlin, Christopher N. AU - Candlin, Sally PY - 2007 BT - The discourse of hospital communication: tracing complexities in contemporary health care organizations ED - Iedema, Rick CT - Nursing through time and space : some challenges to the construct of community of practice CY - London PB - Palgrave Macmillan SP - 244-267 N1 - Nursing through time and space : some challenges to the construct of community of practice KW - nursing communities of practice health care communication time as symbolic resource organisational temporalities Relevance: 2 professionalism N2 - This chapter addresses a number of issues which relate to the construction over time and space of professional discourses within the practice of nursing. Discussion of these issues draws on the now well-established construct of communities of practice, first developed by Jean Lave and Etienne Wenger (Lave and Wenger, 1991; Wenger, 1998) and now extensively adopted across a range of social, educational, human and management disciplines. One objective of the chapter is to draw on the discussion of nursing practice to offer a critical perspective on this contruct. UR - http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/23632 ID - 122 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Casarino, Cesare PY - 2003 TI - Time Matters: Marx, Negri, Agamben, and the Corporeal SP - 185-206 N1 - 2003/11/01 JF - Strategies: Journal of Theory, Culture & Politics VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 1040-2136 N1 - Time Matters: Marx, Negri, Agamben, and the Corporeal M3 - 10.1080/1040213032000151593 Y2 - 2011/08/07 KW - Philosophy politics Continental Philosophy Marxism Negri Agamben embodiment economics Time as missing element Political theory linear time Critical temporalities relevance: 2 time as missing element Assumptions about time obscuring x history N2 - Economy of time, to this all economy ultimately reduces itself. (Karl Marx) I On the first page of a 1978 essay entitled ?Time and History: Critique of the Instant and the Continuum,? Giorgio Agamben writes: The original task of a genuine revolution...is never merely to ?change the world,? but also?and first of all?to ?change time.? Modern political thought has concentrated its attention on history, and has not elaborated a corresponding conception of time. Even historical materialism has until now neglected to elaborate a concept of time that compares with its concept of history. Because of this omission it has been unwittingly compelled to have recourse to a concept of time dominant in Western culture for centuries, and so to harbor, side by side, a revolutionary concept of history and a traditional experience of time. The vulgar representation of time as a precise and homogeneous continuum has thus diluted the Marxist concept of history: it has become the hidden breach through which ideology has crept into the citadel of historical materialism. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1040213032000151593 ID - 2017 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Castree, Noel PY - 2009 TI - The Spatio-temporality of Capitalism SP - 26-61 JF - Time & Society VL - 18 IS - 1 N1 - The Spatio-temporality of Capitalism KW - Capitalism Harvey Capitalism materiality Marxism social time Massey Relevance: 2 time and space Review article N2 - This essay seeks to explain the constitutive role that space-time plays in the dynamics of capital accumulation. Through a close reading of David Harvey’s work, I show that time and space work together in ways particular to the capitalist mode of producing, distributing, selling, consuming and disposing of commodities. This does not, I argue, mean that space-time is reducible to capital accumulation - there are, to be sure, other forms of space-time that are relatively autonomous from the now dominant mode of production. My aim is not to provide a definitive account of space-time tout court but, instead, to show both the organic connection between space and time within capitalism specifically as well as the necessary - rather than simply contingent - role that space-time plays in the dynamics of accumulation. My argument is that capitalist space is inconceivable in abstraction from capitalism’s temporal compulsions, and that space-time functions as a concrete abstraction that internalizes the whole gamut of contradictions that Marx identified over a century ago. The essay makes its analytical contribution by surveying previous Marxist and non-Marxist contributions to understanding space and time in the social sciences, en route to a close reading of Harvey’s Limits to Capital. The political implications of paying careful attention to capitalist space-time are explored by counterposing Harvey’s work with Doreen Massey’s recent writings about spatio-temporality. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/18/1/26.short ID - 369 ER - TY - CONF AU - Centre for Modern Studies University of York PY - 2011 TI - The Here and Now: Thinking the Contemporary Across Disciplines N1 - Tuesday 26 April 2011, 1.30PM to 17:00 N1 - The Here and Now: Thinking the Contemporary Across Disciplines KW - Present Acceleration of time Multiple temporalities temporal conflict the present methodology modernity relevance: 3 history Sociology N2 - We are surrounded by institutions, markets, values, funding bodies, students, and devices that emphasise the urgency of the contemporary. But how do different disciplines, and larger interdisciplinary groupings, such as the humanities and social sciences, understand the 'contemporary', as a concept, experience, period, or problem? What is the relationship of the contemporary to the antique, historic, future, modern, Modernist, or post-modern? And to what extent are the political, economic and other agendas underpinning current emphases upon the contemporary helpful? With these questions in mind, the Centre for Modern Studies will host, on Tuesday April 26, between 1.30pm and 5pm, an open, interdisciplinary afternoon to think about the nature and status of the contemporary across the humanities and social sciences. The afternoon will comprise refreshments and a small number of short (15-20 minute) talks from across a number of disciplines to facilitate a more extended period of open discussion. All welcome. Confirmed speakers include: Dr Nick Chare (History of Art) Dr Jonathan Eato (Music) Dr. Jane Elliott (English) Dr Nick Gane (Sociology) UR - http://www.york.ac.uk/sociology/about/news-and-events/department/2011/here-and-now/ ID - 220 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chakrabarty, Dipesh PY - 1992 TI - Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History: Who Speaks for "Indian" Pasts? SP - 1-26 JF - Representations IS - 37 SN - 07346018 N1 - Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History: Who Speaks for "Indian" Pasts? KW - Colonialism Postcolonialism India history identity migration ethnicity Coevalness temporal distancing inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 historical time critique of discipline Western imperialism N2 - not available - from intro: IT HAS RECENTLY BEEN SAID in praise of the postcolonial project of Subaltern Studies that it demonstrates, "perhaps for the first time since coloniza- tion," that "Indians are showing sustained signs of reappropriating the capacity to represent themselves [within the discipline of history]."' As a historian who is a member of the Subaltern Studies collective, I find the congratulation contained in this remark gratifying but premature. The purpose of this article is to problematize the idea of "Indians" "representing themselves in history." Let us put aside for the moment the messy problems of identity inherent in a transnational enterprise such as Subaltern Studies, where passports and commitments blur the distinctions of ethnicity in a manner that some would regard as characteristically postmodern. I have a more perverse proposition to argue. It is that insofar as the academic discourse of history-that is, "history" as a discourse produced at the institutional site of the university-is concerned, "Europe" remains the sovereign, theoretical subject of all histories, including the ones we call "Indian," "Chinese," "Kenyan," and so on. There is a peculiar way in which all these other histories tend to become variations on a master narrative that could be called "the history of Europe." In this sense, "Indian" history itself is in a position of subalternity; one can only articulate subaltern subject positions in the name of this history. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2928652 ID - 265 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chakrabarty, Dipesh PY - 1998 TI - Minority Histories, Subaltern Pasts SP - 473-479 JF - Economic and Political Weekly VL - 33 IS - 9 SN - 00129976 N1 - Minority Histories, Subaltern Pasts KW - Counter modernity Counter traditions Multiple heritages historical time history historiography Critical temporalities inclusion/exclusion relevance: 2 Asynchrony N2 - The relation between 'subaltern pasts' and the practice of historicising is not one of mutual exclusion. Subaltern pasts act as a supplement to the historian's pasts and in fact aid our capacity to historicise. They enable history, the discipline, to be what it is and yet at the same time help to show forth what its limits are. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4406471 ID - 933 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Chakrabarty, Dipesh PY - 2008 BT - Provincializing Europe: postcolonial thought and historical difference CY - Princeton, NJ PB - Princeton University Press N1 - Provincializing Europe: postcolonial thought and historical difference Y2 - 2000 N1 - 2000 KW - postcolonialism history historical time inclusion/exclusion temporal distancing modernity Capitalism secularism Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 counter modernity western imperialism critique of discipline Asynchrony N2 - First published in 2000, Dipesh Chakrabarty's influential Provincializing Europe addresses the mythical figure of Europe that is often taken to be the original site of modernity in many histories of capitalist transition in non-Western countries. This imaginary Europe, Dipesh Chakrabarty argues, is built into the social sciences. The very idea of historicizing carries with it some peculiarly European assumptions about disenchanted space, secular time, and sovereignty. Measured against such mythical standards, capitalist transition in the third world has often seemed either incomplete or lacking. Provincializing Europe proposes that every case of transition to capitalism is a case of translation as well--a translation of existing worlds and their thought--categories into the categories and self-understandings of capitalist modernity. Now featuring a new preface in which Chakrabarty responds to his critics, this book globalizes European thought by exploring how it may be renewed both for and from the margins UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=QqDa4tGENvYC ID - 883 ER - TY - THES AU - Chambers, Robert David PY - 1998 TI - Permanence and Temporality: Better Urban Living Through Provision of Natural Light, Natural Ventilation, Green Space, and a Place for Community PB - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, College of Architecture and Urban Studies M1 - Master of Architecture N1 - Holt, Jaan ED - Frascari, Marco ED - Kagawa, Ron N1 - Permanence and Temporality: Better Urban Living Through Provision of Natural Light, Natural Ventilation, Green Space, and a Place for Community N1 - Google Scholar KW - Architecture static time environment continuity over time Urban communities change over time Past in the present materiality nature Relevance: 3 permanence N2 - This thesis is an exercise in ideas of two realms, theoretical and practical, and an effort to mix the two to create architecture. The theoretical thesis is exemplified in the pairings of photos seen on the bottom of each page, taken from Second View: The Rephotographic Survey Project. As the reader examines the pairs of photos changes over time can be seen in each. Typically the greatest changes are manifestations of man's existence. I have treated this as a point of departure for the technical thesis of Permanence and Temporality. Man's temporal existence creates permanent reminders in the permanent structure of the earth. This thesis explores the nature of permanence and temporality in materials and uses them to express the classic dichotomy of service and served. As a practical thesis the project focuses on providing better urban living through natural light, natural ventilation, and the provisions for community and interaction with nature. A modification of Le Corbusier's Unite d'Habitation was explored by narrowing the building to bring natural light further into the unit while widening the unit to get natural light and ventilation even to the service spaces. N1 - UR - http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12082004-132911/ ID - 127 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Chambers, Samuel A. PY - 2003 BT - Untimely Politics CY - Edinburgh PB - Edinburgh University Press N1 - Untimely Politics KW - political theory politics Continental Philosophy philosophy Derrida Heidegger foucault nietzsche psychoanalysis language Sexuality Policy Relevance: 2 Critical temporalities time as tool for political legitimation Untimely Unpredictibility political time families metaphysics timeliness N2 - Challenging the linear view of history which confines or predetermines the outcome of politics, this book argues for an 'untimely' politics, rendering the past problematic and the future unpredictable. Untimely Politics offers close readings of key texts in political theory and enters into debates involving metaphysics, philosophy of language, and psychoanalysis versus discursive analysis - all designed to demonstrate that untimeliness expands the scope of the political. The ideas are weaved together around the theme of the relevance of language analysis to political debate, answering those critics who insist discourse approaches to politics are irrelevant. Calling on key texts of Heidegger, Nietzsche, Foucault and Derrida the book challenges the political burden which is placed on language analysis to prove its value in the real world. To demonstrate his arguments, Samuel Chambers uses the case study of same-sex marriage in the US to interrogate family values politics. In seeking to explore the bearing of contemporary theory on practical political life, this book makes a timely plea for a more politically relevant form of intellectual work. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=niYmucADw-MC ID - 370 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chambers, Samuel A. PY - 2011 TI - Untimely Politics avant la lettre: The Temporality of Social Formations SP - 197-223 JF - Time & Society VL - 20 IS - 2 N1 - Untimely Politics avant la lettre: The Temporality of Social Formations KW - political theory politics social time philosophy Continental Philosophy Marxism Althusser Relevance: 2 political time Multiple temporalities experiential time Untimely timeliness N2 - A number of contemporary political theorists have recently called for a turn toward a more radical thinking of temporality that would prove more appropriate to, and more robust in thinking through, contemporary politics. This work marks an important turn in contemporary theory. However, in order to advance the very enterprise on radical temporality and politics to which these works are committed requires viewing them from a perspective that reveals a set of commonalities, commonalities which may also mark the limits of this project as currently formulated. In particular, contemporary theorists try to reconceptualize temporality in a manner more suitable to politics by starting with different experiences of temporality. Here I argue for a thinking of time that goes beyond experience. I start to make sense of this claim, first, by suggesting that the recent turn toward untimeliness might itself be considered untimely in the sense of arriving on the scene late, since contained within Louis Althusser’s project of rereading Marx we can find both a theory of untimeliness prior to the coining of the term and a thoroughgoing rejection of linear and everyday time. Althusser thinks time differently and more deeply precisely because he makes the crucial move of linking temporality to the social formation. Rather than conceive of temporal alternatives (duration vs clock time, for example) that human subjects might experience or invoke, we must grasp temporality as emanating from society, and a theory of time must therefore be linked to a theory of the social formation. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/20/2/197.abstract ID - 371 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Chanter, Tina PY - 2001 BT - Time, Death, and The Feminine: Levinas with Heidegger CY - Stanford, California PB - Stanford University Press N1 - Time, Death, and The Feminine: Levinas with Heidegger KW - Levinas Continental Philosophy Philosophy Heidegger gender ethics political theory Relevance: 3 linear time Assumptions about time obscuring x temporal conflict Death & dying N2 - Examining Levinas’s critique of the Heideggerian conception of temporality, this book shows how the notion of the feminine both enables and prohibits the most fertile territory of Levinas’s thought. According to Heidegger, the traditional notion of time, which stretches from Aristotle to Bergson, is incoherent because it rests on an inability to think together two assumptions: that the present is the most real aspect of time, and that the scientific model of time is infinite, continuous, and constituted by a series of more or less identical now-points. For Heidegger, this contradiction, which privileges the present and thinks of time as ongoing, derives from a confusion about Being. He suggests that it is not the present but the future that is the primordial ecstasis of temporality. For Heidegger, death provides an orientation for our authentic temporal understanding. Levinas agrees with Heidegger that mortality is much more significant than previous philosophers of time have acknowledged, but for Levinas, it is not my death, but the death of the other that determines our understanding of time. He is critical of Heidegger’s tendency to collapse the ecstases (past, present, and future) of temporality into one another, and seeks to move away from what he sees as a totalizing view of time. Levinas wants to rehabilitate the unique character of the instant, or present, without sacrificing its internal dynamic to the onward progression of the future, and without neglecting the burdens of the past that history visits upon us. The author suggests that though Levinas’s conception of subjectivity corrects some of the problems Heidegger’s philosophy introduces, such as his failure to deal adequately with ethics, Levinas creates new stumbling blocks, notably the confining role he accords to the feminine. For Levinas, the feminine functions as that which facilitates but is excluded from the ethical relation that he sees as the pinnacle of philosophy. Showing that the feminine is a strategic part of Levinas’s philosophy, but one that was not thought through by him, the author suggests that his failure to solidly place the feminine in his thinking is structurally consonant with his conceptual separation of politics from ethics. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=l7ZRmj0v2r0C ID - 372 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chatterjee, Partha PY - 2001 TI - The nation in heterogeneous time SP - 399-418 JF - Indian Economic & Social History Review VL - 38 IS - 4 N1 - The nation in heterogeneous time N1 - 10.1177/001946460103800403 KW - nationalism politics historical time homogenising present political time modernity Critical temporalities linear time Anderson Multiple temporalities foucault Relevance: 2 Agency Democratic present time as all encompassing capitalism Assumptions about time obscuring x Asynchrony labour time History N2 - not available - from the text: I believe Anderson, in the tradition of much progressive historicist thinking in the twentieth century, sees the politics of universalism as something that belongs to the very character of the time in which we now live. It is futile to participate in, or sympathise with, or even give credence to efforts to resist its sway. In his recent book, Dipesh Chakrabarty has drawn our attention to a remark made by E.P. Thompson, a Marxist historian who was justifiably celebrated for his antireductionist view of historical agency. In a famous essay on time and workdiscipline in the era of industrial capitalism, Thompson spoke of the inevitability of workers everywhere having to shed their pre-capitalist work habits: ’Without time-discipline we could not have the insistent energies of industrial man; and whether this discipline comes in the form of Methodism, or of Stalinism, or of nationalism, it will come to the developing world.’ Similarly, Benedict Anderson speaks of ’the remarkable planetary spread, not merely of nationalism, but of a profoundly standardized conception of politics, in part by reflecting on the everyday practices, rooted in industrial material civilization, that have displaced the cosmos to make way for the world’ .4 Such a conception of politics requires an understanding of the world as one, so that a common activity called politics can be seen to be going on everywhere. Politics, in this sense, inhabits the empty homogeneous time of modernity. I disagree. I believe this view of modernity, or indeed of capital, is mistaken because it is one-sided. It looks at only one dimension of the time-space of modem life. People can only imagine themselves in empty homogeneous time; they do not live in it. Empty homogeneous time is the utopian time of capital. It linearly connects past, present and future, creating the possibility for all of those historicist imaginings of identity, nationhood, progress, and so on that Anderson, along with others, have made familiar to us. But empty homogeneous time is not located anywhere in real space-it is utopian. The real space of modern life consists of heterotopia. (My debt to Michel Foucault should be obvious.)5 Time here is heterogeneous, unevenly dense. Here, even industrial workers do not all internalise the work-discipline of capitalism, and more curiously, even when they do, they do not do so in the same way. Politics here does not mean the same thing to all people. To ignore this is, I believe, to discard the real for the utopian. UR - http://ier.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/38/4/399 ID - 612 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chowers, Eyal PY - 1999 TI - The marriage of time and identity: Kant, Benjamin and the nation-state SP - 57-80 N1 - May 1, 1999 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 25 IS - 3 N1 - The marriage of time and identity: Kant, Benjamin and the nation-state M3 - 10.1177/019145379902500303 KW - Philosophy Continental Philosophy Kant Benjamin identity history time and space non-linear time political theory Relevance: 3 ethics Responsibility homogenising present progress teleology Break in time Memory N2 - The paper explores the role played by concepts of temporality in shaping the self's identity and its moral responsibility. This theme is examined in both Kant and Benjamin, two theorists who view the modern self as an essentially historical being. For Kant, teleological and uniform time shoulders the heightening of the self’s universal attributes and the constant expansion of a moral community. The desired end is the establishment of an integrated and homogeneous human space, a cosmopolitan stage wherein history is finally redeemed. This progressive notion of time is seen as dangerous by Benjamin, since it generates forgetfulness and inner impoverishment of the self. Instead, Benjamin advances a fragmented conception of time, one allowing conversation between distant moments and grounding identity in concrete images. While the poetic recovery of memory leads to the distinct and exclusive, Benjamin follows Kant in demanding universal moral responsibility of the self. However, Benjamin's strategy, so to speak, is the integration of our temporal - not spatial - experience. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/content/25/3/57.abstract ID - 373 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chowers, Eyal PY - 2002 TI - Gushing Time: Modernity and the multiplicity of temporal homes SP - 233-249 JF - Time & Society VL - 11 IS - 2-3 N1 - Gushing Time: Modernity and the multiplicity of temporal homes N1 - 10.1177/0961463X02011002004 KW - home asynchrony belonging cosmopolitanism global present globalisation homogenising present hybrid identity identity mobility across communities modernity multiple temporalities philosophy present relevance: 2 temporal vs spatial communities time and space N2 - According to some theorists (such as Agnes Heller) modern individuals no longer experience space as the anchor of their identity; they have become ‘geographically promiscuous’, changing their place of residency according to their personal circumstances and prospects for fulfillment. Instead, moderns have embraced the absolute present – the time of global culture – as the center of their identity. This article criticizes such claims. It suggests, first, that the absolute present is not the single temporal home available for late moderns, and that it coexists with singular conceptions of the past (semicyclicalism) and the profane (cosmopolitan) future as alternative homes; second, that in modernity spatial and temporal homelessness went hand in hand, rather than the former displacing the latter. Finally, it is suggested that the multiplicity of spatial and temporal homes available for late moderns calls for a flexible conception of selfhood, one that is able to incorporate this multiplicity and to welcome the ensuing homelessness within the self's own home(s). UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/11/2-3/233.abstract ID - 890 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chu, Julia Lui AU - Pan, Zhongdang PY - 1999 TI - The time race and time signification in the reform era SP - 33-57 N1 - April 1, 1999 JF - International Journal of Cultural Studies VL - 2 IS - 1 N1 - The time race and time signification in the reform era M3 - 10.1177/136787799900200103 KW - Cultural studies China Cinema Architecture Materiality modernization social change linear time modernity public and private time national time action agency Relevance: 2 changing perceptions of time time as symbolic resource N2 - This study reports a field study of movie theaters in a large Chinese city. Interpreting the evidence on the changing physical attributes of theater auditoriums and theater managers discursive practices in making these changes, we show that movie theaters express a society’s common-sense ideas of time. These ideas are the collective beliefs and hermeneutic readings of the historic moment of China’s modernization which movie-going activities in part constitute. Emerging from our analysis are three theses that constitute the cultural dynamics of China’s modernization process: the universal flow of time providing inspiration for change and routes to search for the criteria of modernity, shifting definitions of public and private time as an indication of the changing relationship between the state and society, and the sociogeographic specificity of time as a framework for social actors’ strategic reasoning. UR - http://ics.sagepub.com/content/2/1/33.abstract ID - 2010 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Church, Richard P. PY - 2006 TI - Answering the Dispersed Self and Nation: A Response to Jed Rubenfeld's Freedom and Time: A Theory of Constitutional Self Government SP - 349-383 JF - Journal of Law and Religion VL - 21 IS - 2 SN - 07480814 N1 - Answering the Dispersed Self and Nation: A Response to Jed Rubenfeld's Freedom and Time: A Theory of Constitutional Self Government KW - Law nationalism Democracy Political theory Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/30040589 ID - 591 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cicchelli, Vincenzo AU - Pugeault-Cicchelli, Catherine AU - Merico, Maurizio PY - 2006 TI - Individual and Social Temporalities in American Sociology (1940–2000) SP - 141-158 JF - Time & Society VL - 15 IS - 1 N1 - Individual and Social Temporalities in American Sociology (1940–2000) N1 - 10.1177/0961463X06061335 KW - Sociology social time USA method: textual analysis methodology generations life course Relevance: 3 review article Generations life course changing perceptions of time temporality of academic work N2 - This article is based on the analysis of 259 titles of articles selected from four American sociological journals (the American Journal of Sociology, Social Forces, the American Sociological Review and Social Problems), over a period of 60 years (1940–2000). These titles contain key words such as age(s), generation(s), life cycle and life course, as well as a group of words that identify the purpose of each specific article. The lexical analysis of the data gathered in this way allows us to observe how various orientations, themes and objects of research are encoded in the titles. Comparing how each of these terms is used shows the way in which sociological reasoning has integrated different perspectives on individual and social temporalities. We have established that each of the four different perspectives considered refers to an exclusive lexical repertoire, to themes of differentiated research that belong to a specific historical period. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/15/1/141.abstract ID - 912 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cinnirella, Marco PY - 1998 TI - Exploring Temporal Aspects of Social Identity: The Concept of Possible Social Identities SP - 227-248 JF - European Journal of Social Psychology VL - 28 IS - 2 N1 - Exploring Temporal Aspects of Social Identity: The Concept of Possible Social Identities M3 - 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0992(199803/04)28:2<227::AID-EJSP866>3.0.CO;2-X N1 - course outline - A Mische KW - Identity Psychology hybrid identity open future future Shared future shared past Relevance: 2 social psychology Mobility across communities time as missing element imagined futures imagined pasts N2 - In the social identity model of reactions to negative social identity (Tajfel & Turner, 1979, 1986), the concept of cognitive alternatives focuses on individual and group perceptions of the possibility of changing group memberships or improving existing ones. In the current paper, the under-researched concept of cognitive alternatives is expanded so as to better encompass issues relating to the temporal dimension of social identity maintenance. Markus and Nurius' (1986) possible selves perspective is used as a starting point for exploring the manner in which social identity maintenance is influenced by cognitions about, and social representations of, a group's past and possible future. It is proposed that the concept of cognitive alternatives be expanded to incorporate possible social identities, which represent individual and shared cognitions about possible past group memberships, possible future group memberships, and perceptions of the possible past and future for current group memberships. The consequences of perceiving positive and negative possible social identities are examined, and methodological issues which might facilitate their empirical study addressed. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-0992%28199803/04%2928:2%3C227::AID-EJSP866%3E3.0.CO;2-X/abstract?spnCategory=529&spnDomain=17&spnContent=23&spnContent=28&spnID=9794 ID - 556 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cladis, Mark S. PY - 2009 TI - The Discovery and Recovery of Time in History and Religion SP - 283-294 JF - History and Theory: Studies in the Philosophy of History VL - 48 IS - 3 SN - 0018-2656 N1 - The Discovery and Recovery of Time in History and Religion N1 - Philosopher's Index KW - Social time Philosophy history linear time multiple temporalities temporal conflict religion Relevance: 2 Book review critique of discipline time as missing element Methodology critical temporalities cultural variants of time non-linear time N2 - This review essay of William Gallois's Time, Religion, and History is a theoretical exploration of what can be called ecologies of time: those complex and diverse nexuses of human activity and notions of time that are fashioned in different cultures at different times. The essay both engages with and critiques Gailois's own view about how the academic discipline of history and its methodologies are based on an (allegedly) narrow, linear, "Newtonian" conception of time, and how very much the discipline stands to gain, methodologically speaking, from studying culturally diverse senses of time outside the modern West. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2303.2009.00510.x/abstract ID - 188 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clare, Stephanie PY - 2009 TI - Agency, Signification, and Temporality SP - 50-62 JF - Hypatia VL - 24 IS - 4 SN - 1527-2001 N1 - Agency, Signification, and Temporality N1 - 10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01057.x KW - agency Butler embodiment Deleuze Bergson action identity Method: dynamic rather than static Relevance: 3 becoming N2 - This paper examines the temporality of agency in Judith Butler's and Saba Mahmood's writing. I argue that Mahmood moves away from a performative understanding of agency, which focuses on relations of signification, to a corporeal understanding, which focuses on desire and sensation. Drawing on Gilles Deleuze's reading of Henri Bergson, I show how this move involves a changed model of becoming: whereas Butler imagines movement as a series of discontinuous beings, in Mahmood's case, we get an understanding of becoming. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01057.x ID - 374 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clark, Nigel PY - 2008 TI - Aboriginal Cosmopolitanism SP - 737-744 JF - International Journal of Urban and Regional Research VL - 32 IS - 3 N1 - Aboriginal Cosmopolitanism KW - Environment Climate Change Australia Urban communities Ethics Cosmopolitanism ecological citizenship collective memory colonialism communities in crisis Generations Relevance: 2 Unpredictibility Deep time nomadic communities indigenous Australians indigenous peoples climate change Geography natural disasters N2 - The current drought in Australia raises questions about the extent to which urban life depends on physical forces that come with their own dynamics and eccentric rhythms. I suggest that currently deepening understandings of the inherent volatility of earth processes might help us appreciate the accomplishments of those who have stayed in place for hundreds or thousands of years: peoples whose ‘nomadic’ journeys through deep time have taken them through major bio- or geo-physical transformations in their environments. In this way, we might learn to recognize how most urban or settled life inherits terrains whose irregularities and extremes have been softened by the efforts of these prior inhabitants. In a world where we can expect major environmental changes to induce new waves of estrangement and displacement, I ask whether a sense of the immeasurable debt which we owe to those people who came before us might help inspire the kind of cosmopolitan sensibilities we would hope for. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00811.x/full ID - 375 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clark, Nigel PY - 2010 TI - Volatile Worlds, Vulnerable Bodies SP - 31-53 N1 - March/May 2010 JF - Theory, Culture & Society VL - 27 IS - 2-3 N1 - Volatile Worlds, Vulnerable Bodies M3 - 10.1177/0263276409356000 KW - Climate change Unpredictibility natural disasters Critical temporalities Agency embodiment Derrida ethics Relevance: 2 Turning points complexity theory Geography Assumptions about time obscuring x communities in crisis More-than-human communities environment continental Philosophy N2 - The abrupt climate change thesis suggests that climate passes through threshold transitions, after which change is sudden, runaway and unstoppable. This concurs with recent themes in complexity studies. Data from ice cores indicates that major shifts in global climate regimes have occurred in as little as a decade, and that for most of the span of human existence the climate has oscillated much more violently than it has over the last 10,000 years. This evidence presents enormous challenges for international climate change negotiation and regulation, which has thus far focused on gradual change. It is argued that existing social theoretic engagements with physical agency are insufficiently geared towards dissonant or disastrous physical events. Wagering on the past and future importance of abrupt climate change, the article explores a way of engaging with catastrophic climatic change that stresses the inherent volatility and unpredictability of earth process, and the no-less-inherent vulnerability of the human body. Drawing on Bataille and Derrida, it proposes a way of nestling the issue of environmental justice within a broader sense of immeasurable indebtedness to those humans who endured previous episodes of abrupt climate change, and considers the idea of experimentation and generosity without reserve. UR - http://tcs.sagepub.com/content/27/2-3/31.abstract ID - 376 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clark, Nigel AU - Stevenson, Nick PY - 2003 TI - Care in the time of catastrophe: Citizenship, community and the ecological imagination SP - 235-246 JF - Journal of Human Rights VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1475-4835 N1 - Care in the time of catastrophe: Citizenship, community and the ecological imagination N1 - informaworld KW - ecological citizenship non-homogeneous community environment Politics ethics Consumerism Responsibility futurity geography communities in crisis Relevance: 3 progress temporally extended responsibilities open future Bureaucracy Hierarchy natural disasters N2 - Not Available - quotes from intro instead: Shadowing current explorations of an ecological citizenship is a fear that the severity of environmental problems might foment the rise of new universal rules of progress which could bring our social lives under an intensified set of hierarchies and controls. Such a project is likely to be perceived (mostly correctly) as authoritarian, and a betrayal of the ethical opportunities opened by diverse and popular participation in environmental struggles. As Alain Touraine (2000:147) argues, ‘our late modernity is primarily worried about its survival and the risks it is running. It aspires to being neither a society of order nor a society of progress, but a communications-based society, and it is therefore more afraid of intolerance than of poverty or illegality’. In this light, those writers articulating concepts of ecological citizenship seem to share a strong sense that obligations freely felt have a better chance of being enacted than bureaucratic imperatives that are handed down...It hardly needs noting that for a new ethical-political orientation to be at once popular and decisive, voluntary and far reaching is a tall order. Captivated by the promise of new modes of ecological citizenship, we focus here on some of the challenges to its uptake and diffusion. What concerns us is the gulf between the cultural sensibilities that an effective ecological citizenship would seem to demand, and the values and priorities that predominate in the social milieus from which we are setting out. To put it bluntly, the prominence of consumption in contemporary western culture – with its high estimation for individual autonomy, freedom to chose and unrestrained pleasure-seeking - is an unlikely seedbed for the kind of self-limitation, collective responsibility and altruism which the new modes of citizenship appear to call for (see Bauman 2000: Ch 2)...In order to develop civic cultures that are pleasurable as well as sustainable, we suggest, a place must be made for play, self-expression and experimentation. But this need not be out of keeping with an expanded sense of obligation to vulnerable others. Drawing environmental responsibility in the direction of what Jonathan Rutherford (2000) calls an `art of life’, or what John Caputo (1993) describes as a `poetics of obligation’, we make a case for a kind of responsiveness to the needs of endangered strangers - both human and non-human - that is once life-affirming, generous and generative. Such an approach to self-creation and responsibility, we suggest, needs to be situated within a sense of community that is itself open to the summons and the offerings of strangers. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/1475483032000078206 http://oro.open.ac.uk/4410/1/CareTimeCatastrophe.pdf ID - 212 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Clayman, Steven E. PY - 1989 TI - The Production of Punctuality: Social Interaction, Temporal Organization, and Social Structure SP - 659-691 JF - American Journal of Sociology VL - 95 IS - 3 N1 - The Production of Punctuality: Social Interaction, Temporal Organization, and Social Structure N1 - Course outline - A Mische KW - Punctuality Sociology temporal ordering media organisational temporalities Communication sequence social time etiquette temporal boundaries relevance: 2 Social coordination coordinating between different times social structure Skill in temporal practices news N2 - Social occasions can be distinguished by the degree to which their temporal length is locally variable or predetermined. Using the live television news interview as an extreme example of the latter, this paper describes how an interactional encounter is brought to a close at a prespecified time. The larger aim is to explore linkages between the organization of interaction and institutional forms generally regarded as social structural in character. The closing process is first examined in casual conversation, which has a variable duration. News interview closings are then examined and are shown to adhere to a systematically modified format that provides for closing at a prearranged time. It is suggested in conclusion that sociotemporal and institutional structures are reproduced through the situated adaptation of generic interactional mechanisms, and that this formulation preserves the integrity of both interaction and social structure while providing for their interconnection. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2780551 ID - 559 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Clifford, J. AU - Jensen, C. AU - Snodgrass, R. T. AU - Bohlen, M. H. PY - 1995 BT - Recent Advances in Temporal Databases ED - Clifford, J. ED - Tuzhilin, A. CT - The state-of-the-art in temporal data management: Perspectives from the research and financial applications communities PB - British Computer Society T3 - Workshops in Computing SP - 356-357 N1 - The state-of-the-art in temporal data management: Perspectives from the research and financial applications communities SN - 3-540-19945-4 AN - ISI:A1995BE96Z00020 KW - Knowledge management Methodology Information Technology Relevance: 3 finance N2 - for the book: This volume contains papers presented at the International Workshop on Temporal Databases, held in Zurich, Switzerland, from 17-18 September 1995. The papers cover a wide range of topics from the highly theoretical through to reports on how temporal data bases can be used to solve real problems. In addition to the technical papers, there are also summaries of two panel discussions which assess the recently-completed TSQL2 Language Design, and examine the need for additional research into the development of TSQL3. Together these papers provide a comprehensive overview of the latest research work into the area of temporal databases. They will provide invaluable reading for researchers, postgraduate students and practitioners. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=xddQAAAAMAAJ ID - 844 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cochran, Terry PY - 1995 TI - History and the Collapse of Eternity SP - 33 N1 - Autumn JF - Boundary 2 VL - 22 IS - 3 N1 - History and the Collapse of Eternity KW - History Benjamin Unpredictibility Collective memory modernity action Continuity over time Knowledge organisational temporalities Relevance: 2 national time historical time temporality of academic work Agency political economy epistemology N2 - Since the advent of the modern state, every cultural and political economy has required a coherent and compatible sense of the past, present, and future.This sometimes implicit historical understanding, with its attendant categories of knowledge and value, endows any present with stability by mediating between the need for continuity with the past and the inevitability of disruptive change. A quandary in historical understanding occurs when disruptive change outdistances the capacity to integrate it; at its most extreme, this quandary touches on the very concept of historical protagonist, acentral element of all historical thought. In modernity, however, when a transcendent deity gradually ceased being viewed as the primary agent of human events, the notion of historical protagonist has achieved unparalleled prominence. As shorthand for a social and ideological process, "modernity" is synonymous with the search for a secular agent to propel the movement of history and with the secular epistemology that derives from it. Endowed with recognizable characteristics, the historical agency of modernity has most insistently been attributed to collectivities, whether they take the form of the state, the nation, the class, or the people, and to the knowing subject, whether considered as the monadic individual or the personified Geist of idealism. Instability in the modern economy of agency places into question not only the tenuous historical continuity it produces but also the multivalent organization of knowledge that ranges from empirical institutions, such as the university, to presuppositions about how an object of knowledge is constituted. UR - http://www.jstor.org/pss/303722 ID - 378 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coe, Cynthia D. PY - 2001 TI - Domesticating Time: Two Contemporary Continental Critiques of History SP - 417-443 JF - Clio: The Journal of History, Literature, and Philosophy of History VL - 30 IS - 4 N1 - Domesticating Time: Two Contemporary Continental Critiques of History KW - history philosophy Relevance: unknown continental Philosophy N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 379 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coe, Cynthia D. PY - 2009 TI - Strangers and natives SP - 921-933 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 35 IS - 8 N1 - Strangers and natives N1 - 10.1177/0191453709340636 KW - Philosophy continental Philosophy inclusion/exclusion Colonialism method: textual analysis Gadamer Tradition multiple heritages Critical temporalities Relevance: 3 Historical time N2 - I claim that the hermeneutic circle both describes and undermines the colonialist impulse, by mapping how our prejudices are projected out into reality but thus make themselves vulnerable to critical scrutiny. Gadamer’s attention to the way in which our prejudices should be challenged, his emphasis on the construction of the tradition that has such an influence on our understanding (and our tendency to ignore that malleability), and his resistance to the Enlightenment ideal of transcending the historical and natural given give us resources by which to critique the discourse of self and other that develops within colonialism. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/content/35/8/921.abstract ID - 929 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Cohen, Anthony Paul PY - 1985 BT - The symbolic construction of community CY - London PB - Routledge N1 - The symbolic construction of community KW - time as symbolic resource social structure Meaning ethnicity Belonging identity Anthropology the past shared past Relevance: 2 N2 - Anthony Cohen makes a distinct break with earlier approaches to the study of community, which treated the subject in largely structural terms. His view is interpretive and experiential, seeing the community as a cultural field with a complex of symbols whose meanings vary among its members. He delineates a concept applicable to local and ethnic communities through which people see themselves as belonging to society. The emphasis on boundary is sensitive to the circumstances in which people become aware of the implications of belonging to a community, and describes how they symbolise and utilise these boundaries to give substance to their values and identities. see Chapter 4 in particular UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=ZiNHAAAAMAAJ ID - 2048 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cohen, Rachel Lara PY - 2010 TI - Rethinking 'mobile work': boundaries of space, time and social relation in the working lives of mobile hairstylists SP - 65-84 JF - Work, Employment & Society VL - 24 IS - 1 N1 - Rethinking 'mobile work': boundaries of space, time and social relation in the working lives of mobile hairstylists N1 - 10.1177/0950017009353658 KW - labour time temporal boundaries time and space sociology Method: Interviews Method: surveys Mobility across communities Relevance: 2 embodiment public and private time N2 - This article investigates the relationship between spatial mobility and the labour process, developing a typology of 'mobile work'. Working while mobile is a largely white-collar (and well researched) phenomenon whereas mobility as work and mobility for work involve more diverse occupations and have been omitted from sociological analysis of mobile work. The article explores the range of work involving spatial mobility before focusing on a hitherto unexamined form of mobility for work, mobile hairstyling. Relationships between mobility, employment status and the construction of spatial, social and temporal work-life boundaries are excavated. It is shown that previous arguments linking mobile work with decorporealisation or unboundedness are inadequate, applicable primarily to working while mobile. Other types of mobile work may or may not corrode work-life boundaries; whether they do depends in part on workers’ income security. Data are drawn from the Labour Force Survey and interviews with self-employed mobile hairstylists. UR - http://wes.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/24/1/65 ID - 743 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coicaud, Jean-Marc PY - 2009 TI - Apology: A Small Yet Important Part of Justice SP - 93-124 JF - Japanese Journal of Political Science VL - 10 IS - 1 N1 - Apology: A Small Yet Important Part of Justice M3 - 10.1017/S1468109908003393 KW - political theory Philosophy Australia Canada ethics Time as tool for political legitimation law action Relevance: 3 indigenous peoples forgiveness N2 - Jean-Marc Coicaud’s article begins by stressing the contemporary importance and the current trend of political apology. Recent political apologies offered in Australia and Canada to their indigenous populations form a significant part of this story. He then analyzes a number of intriguing paradoxes at the core of the dynamics of apology. These paradoxes give meaning to apology but also make the very idea of apology extremely challenging. They have to do with the relationships of apology with time, law and the unforgivable. The most intriguing of these paradoxes concerns apology and the unforgivable. Indeed, the greater the wrong, the more valuable the apology. But, then, the more difficult it becomes to issue and to accept an apology. This latter paradox is namely examined in the context of mass crimes, taken from Europe, Africa and Asia. As a whole these paradoxes are all the more intriguing considering what apology in a political context aims to accomplish, for the actor who issues the apology, for the one who receives it, for their relationship, and for the social environment in which this takes place. Jean-Marc Coicaud concludes his article by outlining what the rise of apology means for contemporary political culture. UR - http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4570956&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S1468109908003393 ID - 381 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cole, Juan R. I. PY - 1996 TI - Marking Boundaries, Marking Time: The Iranian Past and the Construction of the Self by Qajar Thinkers SP - 35-56 JF - Iranian Studies VL - 29 IS - 1/2 SN - 00210862 N1 - Marking Boundaries, Marking Time: The Iranian Past and the Construction of the Self by Qajar Thinkers KW - nationalism Iran Middle East narrative Modernity Coevalness Temporal conflict temporal distancing identity relevance: 2 islam imagined futures shame industrialisation uneven development N2 - Not available - from intro: The intellectual model of Eurpoean Nationalism had a powerful impact in the second half the nineteenth century upon Qajar intellectuals and officials, many of whom lived abroad, were fluent in some European language, or were influenced by translations of European works. These thinkers, beginning in the 1850s, were the first to attempt to "imagine" an Iranian nation.' That they made this attempt is a result not only of the influence upon them of the modular nationalist experience, but also of their own encounter with the same forces of modernity that were hammering Europe itself-new media of communication, new forms of transportation,a nd processes of economic differentiation deriving from the rise of core industrial economies and vastly increased world trade-all of which afforded states and other institutions the resources for disciplinary technologies that reshaped the Self.2 But faced with European military and economic precedence, intellectuals in the non-European world had, additionally, to contend with issues in self-respect, in the shame of defeat and of technological inferiority. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4310968 ID - 307 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Colebrook, Claire PY - 1998 TI - The future-to-come: Derrida and the ethics of historicity SP - 347-360 JF - Philosophy Today VL - 42 IS - 4 N1 - The future-to-come: Derrida and the ethics of historicity KW - philosophy Continental Philosophy Derrida history ethics Relevance: 3 open future Unpredictibility historical time N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 382 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coleman, Rebecca PY - 2008 TI - ‘Things That Stay’: Feminist theory, duration and the future SP - 85-102 JF - Time & Society VL - 17 IS - 1 N1 - ‘Things That Stay’: Feminist theory, duration and the future KW - becoming embodiment duration feminist theory feminism future Continuity over time Grosz Method: Interviews Bergson Method: dynamic rather than static change over time Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 Becoming Multiple temporalities Asynchrony futurity N2 - Taking up Grosz’s proposal for the ‘complexities of time and becoming’ to be considered seriously, this article explores the status of time and the future within feminist theory through empirical research in which teenage girls describe things ‘staying’. Focusing on these ‘things that stay’ and drawing on Bergson’s concepts of duration and the virtual, the article argues that time is dynamic and heterogeneous; things endure through divergence and transformation. It argues that if the relations of temporality are understood as both continuous and discontinuous, enduring and changing, feminist theory orients to the future in ‘novel’ ways. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/17/1/85.short ID - 383 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Connerton, Paul PY - 1989 BT - How Societies Remember CY - Cambridge PB - Cambridge University Press N1 - How Societies Remember KW - Collective memory embodiment The past ritual Commemorative events sociology Anthropology Relevance: 2 invention of tradition Memory N2 - In treating memory as a cultural rather than an individual faculty, this book provides an account of how bodily practices are transmitted in, and as, traditions. Most studies of memory as a cultural faculty focus on written, or inscribed transmissions of memories. Paul Connerton, on the other hand, concentrates on bodily (or incorporated) practices, and so questions the currently dominant idea that literary texts may be taken as a metaphor for social practices generally. The author argues that images of the past and recollected knowledge of the past are conveyed and sustained by ritual performances and that performative memory is bodily. Bodily social memory is an essential aspect of social memory, but it is an aspect which has until now been badly neglected. An innovative study, this work should be of interest to researchers into social, political and anthropological thought as well as to graduate and undergraduate students. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=AW7ekICdHAIC ID - 730 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Connolly, William E. PY - 2005 BT - Pluralism CY - Durham, NC PB - Duke University Press N1 - Pluralism KW - non-homogeneous community politics Political theory Philosophy Continental Philosophy Cinema Relevance: 2 Territory Social justice inclusion/exclusion Bergson Proust Deleuze Agamben Negri William James globalisation N2 - Over the past two decades, the renowned political theorist William E. Connolly has developed a powerful theory of pluralism as the basis of a territorial politics. In this concise volume, Connolly launches a new defence of pluralism, contending that it has a renewed relevance in light of pressing global and national concerns, including the war in Iraq, the movement for a Palestinian state, and the fight for gay and lesbian rights. Connolly contends that deep, multidimensional pluralism is the best way to promote justice and inclusion without violence. He advocates a deep pluralism - in contrast to shallow, secular pluralism - that helps to create space for different groups to bring their religious faiths into the public realm. This form of deep pluralism extends far beyond faith, encompassing multiple dimensions of social and personal lives, including household organization and sexuality. Connolly looks at pluralism not only in light of faith but also in relation to evil, ethics, relativism, globalization, and sovereignty. In the process, he engages many writers and theorists - among them, Spinoza, William James, Henri Bergson, Marcel Proust, Gilles Deleuze, Giorgio Agamben, Talal Asad, Michael Hardt, and Antonio Negri. "Pluralism" is the first book in which Connolly explains the relationship between pluralism and the experience of time, and he offers readings of several films which address how time is understood, including "Time Code", "Far from Heaven", "Waking Life" and "The Maltese Falcon". In this necessary book Connolly brings a compelling, accessible philosophical critique together with his personal commitment to an inclusive political agenda to suggest how we might - and why we must - cultivate pluralism within both society and ourselves. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=dwSwI_iweWAC ID - 384 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Connolly, William E. PY - 2011 BT - A World of Becoming CY - Durham, NC PB - Duke University Press N1 - A World of Becoming KW - Political philosophy politics Continental Philosophy Philosophy creativity evolution Multiple temporalities Systems Theory climate change economics open future Unpredictibility social Change ethics spirituality Merleau-Ponty Whitehead Deleuze complexity theory biology Critical temporalities methodology Temporality of academic work Relevance: 2 community stability Turning points Unpredictibility Becoming media changing perceptions of time finance N2 - In A World of Becoming William E. Connolly outlines a political philosophy suited to a world whose powers of creative evolution include and exceed the human estate. This is a world composed of multiple, interacting systems, including those of climate change, biological evolution, economic practices, and geological formations. Such open systems, set on different temporal registers of stability and instability, periodically resonate together to secrete profound, unpredictable changes. To engage such a world reflectively is to feel pressure to alter established practices of politics, ethics, and spirituality. In pursuing such a course, Connolly draws inspiration from philosophers such as Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Alfred North Whitehead, and Gilles Deleuze, as well as the complexity theorist of biology Stuart Kauffman and the theologian Catherine Keller. Being attuned to a world of becoming, Connolly argues, may also help us address dangerous resonances between global finance capital, cross-regional religious resentments, neoconservative ideology, and the 24-hour mass media. Coming to terms with subliminal changes in the contemporary experience of time that challenge traditional images can help us grasp how these movements have arisen and perhaps even inspire creative counter-movements. The book closes with the chapter "The Theorist and the Seer," in which Connolly draws insights from early Greek ideas of the Seer and a Jerry Lewis film, The Nutty Professor, to inform the theory enterprise today. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=HPwKl4IlIrAC ID - 626 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Conrad, Sebastian PY - 1999 TI - What Time is Japan? Problems of Comparative (Intercultural) Historiography SP - 67-83 JF - History and Theory VL - 38 IS - 1 SN - 00182656 N1 - What Time is Japan? Problems of Comparative (Intercultural) Historiography KW - Japan history narrative time as tool for political legitimation temporal distancing Method: comparative analysis Relevance: 2 historiography western imperialism historical time passivity epistemology Modernization N2 - Rather than reflect on the process of an alleged "modernization" of historical scholarship, an intercultural comparison of historiography should take the European origins of academic history as its starting point. The reason, as this article argues, is that in non-European countries the European genealogy of the discipline of history continued to structure interpretations of the past. Both on the level of method, but more importantly on the level of interpretive strategies, "Europe" remained the yardstick for historiographical explanation. This article will use the example of postwar Japanese historiography to show that historians resorted to a European model in order to turn seemingly unconnected events in the Japanese past into a historical narrative. This is not to imply, however, that Japanese historiography passively relied on concepts from Western discourse. On the contrary, Japanese historians appropriated and transformed the elements of this discourse in the specific geopolitical setting of the 1940s and 1950s. This act of appropriation served the political purpose of positioning Japan with respect to Asia and the "West." However, on an epistemological level, the priority of "Europe" persisted; Japanese historiography remained a "derivative discourse." Studies in comparative historiography, therefore, should be attentive to these traces of the European descent of academic history and privilege the transnational history of historiography over meditations on its internal rationalization. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2505317 ID - 302 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cook, William M. AU - Yao, Jin AU - Foster, Bryan L. AU - Holt, Robert D. AU - Patrick, L. Brian PY - 2005 TI - Secondary Succession in an Experimentally Fragmented Landscape: Community Patterns across Space and Time SP - 1267-1279 JF - Ecology VL - 86 IS - 5 SN - 00129658 N1 - Secondary Succession in an Experimentally Fragmented Landscape: Community Patterns across Space and Time N1 - JSTOR KW - ecology extinctions time and space sequence Method: longitudinal analysis Materiality Relevance: 3 ecological communities USA N2 - Secondary succession reflects, at least in part, community assembly-the sequences of colonizations and extinctions. These processes in turn are expected to be sensitive to the size of the site undergoing assembly and its location relative to source pools. In this paper we describe patterns of succession over 18 years in an experimentally fragmented landscape created in eastern Kansas, USA, in 1984. The design of the experiment permits one to assess the influence of patch size and landscape position on successional dynamics. The general trajectory of succession follows that typical of succession in much of the eastern United States. In the initial years of the study, there was relatively little effect of patch size or distance to sources. Here we show that spatial effects in this system have become increasingly evident with time, as gauged both by repeated-measures ANOVA and ordination techniques. Woody plants have colonized more rapidly (per unit area) on large and nearby patches. Species richness at a local (within-quadrat) scale in general has increased, with slightly greater richness in large than in small patches later in the study. Temporal stability in community composition has generally been greater in large patches. Spatial heterogeneity in community composition has increased during succession, but with different patterns in large and small patches. This long-term experiment suggests that landscape structure influences many aspects of community structure and dynamics during succession, and that such effects become more pronounced with the passage of time. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3450889 ID - 71 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cooren, François AU - Fox, Stephanie AU - Robichaud, Daniel AU - Talih, Nayla PY - 2005 TI - Arguments for a Plurified View of the Social World: Spacing and timing as hybrid achievements SP - 265-282 JF - Time & Society VL - 14 IS - 2-3 N1 - Arguments for a Plurified View of the Social World: Spacing and timing as hybrid achievements N1 - 10.1177/0961463X05055138 KW - Multiple temporalities hybrid identity Agency action materiality Actor-Network Theory organisational temporalities Relevance: 2 time and space N2 - This article shows how the structuration of space and time occurs through the articulation of different agents’ doings, whether these agents are human, technological or textual. Spacing and timing should therefore be considered hybrid achivements. This reflection then leads us to a reconceptualization of societies’ and organizations’ modes of being. Far from reifying these forms of life, that is to say, to transform them into things, this approach leads us - analytically speaking - to plurify them, to show that they are literally made of things, texts and humans: that they are plural and incarnated. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/14/2-3/265.abstract ID - 914 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Cornell, Drucilla PY - 1992 BT - The Philosophy of the Limit CY - New York PB - Routledge N1 - The Philosophy of the Limit KW - Deconstruction Derrida ethics law Gender social theory Philosophy Continental Philosophy Systems Theory Relevance: 1 Systems Theory Responsibility Hierarchy N2 - In The Philosophy of the Limit Drucilla Cornell examines the relationship of deconstruction to questions of ethics, justice and legal interpretation. She argues that renaming deconstruction "the philosophy of the limit" will allow us to be more precise about what deconstruction actually is philosophically and hence to articulate more clearly its significance for law. Cornell's focus on the importance of the limit and the centrality of the gender hierarchy allows her to offer a view of jurisprudence different from both the critical social theory and analytic jurisprudence. See particualrly Chapter 2: The 'Postmodern' Challenge to the Ideal of Community and Chapter 5: The Relevance of Time to the Relationship between the Philosophy of the Limit and Systems Theory: The Call to Juridical Responsibility UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=8sXWAAAAMAAJ ID - 385 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Corral-Verdugo, Víctor AU - Fraijo-Sing, Blanca AU - Sonora, José Q. Piad de PY - 2006 TI - Sustainable Behavior and Time Perspective: Present, Past, and Future Orientations and Their Relationship with Water Conservation Behavior SP - 139-147 JF - Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology VL - 40 IS - 2 N1 - Sustainable Behavior and Time Perspective: Present, Past, and Future Orientations and Their Relationship with Water Conservation Behavior KW - environment orientation within time Conservation practices Sustainability psychology Mexico time perspective method: surveys future gender class Relevance: 3 future orientation past orientation orientation within time N2 - Three hundred individuals at a Mexican city responded to Zimbardo’s Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), and self-reported how frequently they engaged in water conservation practices. The ZTPI assesses individual differences in terms of attitudes believed to identify orientations towards a positive or negative past, hedonistic or fatalistic present, and future orientations. Results were processed within two structural equation models, which showed that present orientation negatively affected water conservation. Water conservation did not correlate with past orientation. Yet, that pro-environmental behavior significantly and positively was influenced by Future Orientation. Women reported a higher involvement in water conservation practices, whereas adult individuals (> 18 years old) and those with higher schooling levels presented a higher Future Orientation. Proposals considering these results are discussed aimed at developing sustainable attitudes and behaviors. Keywords: Time perspective; conservation (ecological behavior); Hermosillo (Mexico) UR - http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?pid=S0034-96902006000200001&script=sci_arttext ID - 2020 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Corsten, Michael PY - 1999 TI - The Time of Generations SP - 249-272 JF - Time & Society VL - 8 IS - 2-3 N1 - The Time of Generations N1 - 10.1177/0961463X99008002003 KW - generations karl Mannheim time as horizon Shared past historical time Relevance: 2 time perspective Luhmann N2 - This article develops a discursive-pragmatic concept from Mannheim's theory of generation, especially from his idea of generation as an actuality which emphazises the collective cognitive background or horizon of a generation. The author also discusses the emergence of such a cognitive background as dependent on a coincidence of different time perspectives, which are biographical, historical, and generational times. To explicate the discursive practice of generations the concepts of `historical time' (Robinson), `historical semantics' (Luhmann), and `cultural circles' are introduced. The author works out an understanding of the `problem of generation' that should lead to empirical investigations on this topic by using interpretive and reconstructive research methods. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/8/2-3/249.abstract ID - 888 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Coser, Rose AU - Coser, Lewis PY - 1990 BT - The Sociology of Time ED - Hassard, John CT - Time Perspective and Social Structure CY - London PB - Macmillan SP - 191-202 N1 - Time Perspective and Social Structure N1 - 1963 KW - sociology social time time perspective Relevance: 2 Social structure N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=trRHAAAAYAAJ ID - 386 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cottle, Thomas J. PY - 1969 TI - Future Orientations and Avoidance: Speculations on the Time of Achievement and Social Roles SP - 419-437 JF - The Sociological Quarterly VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 00380253 N1 - Future Orientations and Avoidance: Speculations on the Time of Achievement and Social Roles KW - sociology orientation within time future orientation action agency expectation methodology cultural variants of time social change relevance: 3 the future becoming time as horizon N2 - not availble - from the text: As profound as these notions may be, a grave error is committed if one simply assumes that all people actively maintain expectations, or at least orient themselves in time through expectations. To ask someone to list his expectations may be to increase his defensiveness by obligating him to report something which may not seem appropriate to his overall view of life. When asked to consider the horizon of a lifetime, some, because of the force of expectations, literally may ignore the contents of yesterday and today, but others may "forget," ignore, or avoid tomorrow. So while the expectation represents one functional adaptation to time, it first must be determined whether expecting is itself a universal action. Expectation here is construed more in the sense of plan than in anticipated awareness of other's actions as is fundamental to the conception of social role (see Parsons and Shils, 1951; Garfinkle, 1967). The present paper accordingly, addresses itself to four main issues. First, in order to determine the presence or significance of expectations in a person's perspective, a typology is generated from experiential orientations to time. We ask whether so-called future orientations or the possession of expectations is a natural phenomenon, or whether there are individuals who, with few temporal cues, omit or avoid expectations in their general orientations to time...Second, given the assertions that expecting represents a primary adaptive strategy in meeting the future, and that seemingly unsupported predictions or fantasies of preknowledge only enhance the "non-activity" or non-purposive aspects of future orientations, an attempt is made to discover whether "expectors" or "future orienters" engage in these activities to the same extent as "non-expectant" or "future avoidant" respondents, or whether future orientations, in part due to their inherent "becoming" quality, are associated with a reduction of such activities... Third, because expecting confers such special significance on the future or consequent stage of action while simultaneously depreciating the present's preparative or antecedent stage of action, we wish to learn whether attitudes toward the future and present empirically reflect these varying degrees of significance... Fourth, relationships between valuing achievement and the absence or presence of expectations will be presented. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4105473 ID - 703 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Cotton, J. Harry PY - 1954 BT - Royce on the Human Self CY - Cambridge, England PB - Cambridge University Press N1 - Royce on the Human Self N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Philosophy Josiah Royce Charles Peirce perception of time identity ethics Relevance: 2 pragmatism William James review article epistemology N2 - A brief biographical sketch of josiah royce serves as prelude to the collation and examination of his discussions of the self in time and the self in society. in exploring these metaphysical and ethical aspects of royce's theory of the self, the author is led to a systematic explication of royce's voluntaristic and idealistic epistemology, of his theories of symbolic logic as the science of order, and, in terms of royce's relations with william james and charles s peirce, of his theory of the nature of community and his view of loyalty as the ethical imperative. (bp) UR - book review available here: http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2182155.pdf ID - 164 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Coundouriotis, Eleni PY - 2006 TI - The "Contemporaneous Local" in Time: Problems of History in Shalini Puri's The Caribbean Postcolonial SP - 198-205 JF - Small Axe VL - 10 IS - 1 SN - 1534-6714 N1 - The "Contemporaneous Local" in Time: Problems of History in Shalini Puri's The Caribbean Postcolonial KW - hybrid identity nationalism Synchronicity shared present coevalness history postcolonialism literature non-homogeneous community Relevance: 2 Book review multiple heritages forgetting Bhabha N2 - Not available - from intro: Theories of hybridity aim to undermine the privileging of cultural origins and notions of cultural authenticity. These theories, however, have a vexed relationship to history: either hybridity uncovers multiple sources for allegedly homogeneous cultural entities and thus sets in motion alternative historiographies, or hybridization as history-in-the-making orchestrates its own process of forgetfulness, recasting a multiplicity of practices into a new context. In Shalini Puri's book, this division roughly corresponds to metropolitan (European) models of nationalism and the alternative nationalisms of the Caribbean. Puri begins her book by demonstrating how the major theorists of hybridity have elaborated a concept of hybridity as "evidence of the undermining or transcendence of the nation state" (19). As Puri shows in her detailed analysis, hybridity has been used by Homi Bhabha, Paul Gilroy, and Gloria Anzaldúa as a way of opposing the homogenizing tendency of orthodox nationalisms as well as of undercutting the inclination of postcolonial resistance theory towards reductive binarisms (38). More significantly, however, Puri goes a step further by mounting a critique of Bhabha, Gilroy, and Anzaldúa. She argues that their metropolitan perspectives, which locate hybridity as a challenge from the outside, end up privileging the very centers that the theorists claim hybridity dismantles by failing to render the priority of the hybrid as its own sphere. Through highly focused, close readings of key texts by these thinkers, Puri demonstrates that they share "the theoretical construction of hybridity as a principle of difference abstracted from historical specificities" (25). She sees a dangerous reductionism emerging in an abstracted hybridity that [End Page 198] undermines the very purpose of the concept, which was to safeguard against homogenization. Playing with Fredric Jameson's term "political unconscious," Puri asserts that Bhabha, Gilroy, and Anzaldúa reveal a "national unconscious" in their thought that in the end places their theories of hybridity within and not outside or across the nationalism of metropolitan centers. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/small_axe/v010/10.1coundouriotis.html ID - 314 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crang, Mike PY - 1994 TI - Spacing Times, Telling Times and Narrating the Past SP - 29-45 JF - Time & Society VL - 3 IS - 1 N1 - Spacing Times, Telling Times and Narrating the Past N1 - 10.1177/0961463X94003001002 KW - narrative time and space museums organisational temporalities Architecture method: case study shared past Relevance: 2 narrative N2 - This paper takes one institution, the museum, and suggests how this institution organizes understandings of time. Museums are seen as actively organizing practices that sustain certain views of the world. The paper takes a single case study to illustrate how such practices may be currently organized. It suggests that while analysis of cultural grammar may be illuminating, a narratological perspective is required in order to analyse practices in modern museums. Thus it is suggested that studies of narrativity may shed some light on contemporary understandings of temporality. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/3/1/29.abstract ID - 871 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crang, Michael AU - Crosbie, Tracie AU - Graham, Stephen PY - 2007 TI - Technology, time - space, and the remediation of neighbourhood life SP - 2405 - 2422 JF - Environment and Planning A VL - 39 IS - 10 N1 - Technology, time - space, and the remediation of neighbourhood life M3 - doi:10.1068/a38353 KW - Geography technology media online communities temporal vs spatial communities multiple temporalities urban communities England U.K. Relevance: 3 critique of discipline The internet N2 - Much theoretical commentary over the last decade addressed the likely impacts of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on urban life works by opposing ‘virtual’ spaces and mediated activities to ‘real’ places. Drawing on recent theorising in media studies about ‘remediation’, this paper attempts to move beyond a reliance on such unhelpful real – virtual conceptual binaries. The paper uses such conceptual discussions to consider more fully the multiple, subtle, and interdependent spatiotemporalities which together work to constitute ICT-based urban change. While innovative work has traced the emergence of various online spaces and communities, our interest here is on the intersection of online and offline practices. Through a case study of two contrasting neighbourhoods in Newcastle upon Tyne, the paper explores in detail how social relations and grocery shopping are being affected by ICT use. It suggests that the remediation of everyday urban life through ICTs involves subtle shifts in the spatial, temporal, scalar, and material processes which together help to constitute urban change, and which are all too often overlooked in conventional and binary approaches opposing the ‘virtual’ realm of new technologies to ‘real’ urban places. UR - http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a38353 ID - 218 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Crow, Graham PY - 2008 BT - Researching Families and Communities: Social and generational change ED - Edwards, Rosalind CT - Thinking about families and communities over time CY - Abingdon PB - Routledge SP - 11-24 N1 - Thinking about families and communities over time KW - Families social change generations Method: dynamic rather than static change over time Continuity over time methodology Method: re-studies Method: longitudinal analysis Sociology Relevance: 1 N2 - Not available - from the text: "The two crucial points to emphasise are that communities and families are much better understood as dynamic rather than static entities, and that change over time is producing further diversity rather than moving things towards any one type of arrangement. There are, in other words, good reasons why we not tend to refer to 'families' rather than 'the family' and 'communities' rather than 'the community'. This allows for the range of family and community forms and practices to be acknowledged, and for universal claims about any one family or community form to be challenged. It also allows the temporal dimension of family and community relationships to be opened up so that these relationships are understood less as static and fixed arrangements and more as dynamic and fluid. Within this developing conceptual framework, it is possible to account for the paradoxical co-existence of continuity and change" Abstract for the book: Recent years have seen a concern with how family and community relationships have changed across the generations, whether for better or worse, and particularly how they have been affected by social and economic developments. But how can we think about and research the nature of the present in relation to the past and vice versa? Researching Families and Communities: Social and Generational Change explores the concepts and perspectives that guide research and the methods used to explore change during the last half of the twentieth century and into the new millennium. It highlights the complexities of continuities alongside change, the importance of the perspectives that shape investigation, and the need to engage with situated data. This edited text includes contributions from experts in their field who: * address these overarching trends * explore the possibilities and practice of secondary analysis or replication studies, as well as longitudinal large scale data sets * discuss varied aspects of family and community life, including sexuality, ethnicity, parenting resources, older people, intergenerational family life, solo living and many others. This book will appeal to academics and students interested in family and community across a range of social science disciplines, and to those in the social research field. UR - http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415427128/ ID - 821 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Crow, Graham Paul AU - Allan, Graham PY - 1995 TI - Community Types, Community Typologies and Community Time SP - 147-166 JF - Time & Society VL - 4 IS - 2 N1 - Community Types, Community Typologies and Community Time M3 - 10.1177/0961463X95004002001 N1 - SAGE KW - method: comparative analysis method: dynamic rather than static multiple temporalities temporal conflict Sociology critique of discipline time as missing element relevance: 1 social structure Meaning Methodology N2 - `Community' continues to be a key concept in social science, but frequently the types of community being identified are treated in an unsystematic way. Distinctions between community's spatial, social structural and interpretive dimensions go some way towards remedying this situation, but community's temporal dimension tends to be neglected. Considering `community time' as community's fourth dimension allows more sophisticated analyses of the interconnectedness of communities as places, social structures and meanings. By paying attention to `community time', we may develop new typologies better suited to the comparative research perspective which is re-establishing itself in the field. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/4/2/147 ID - 196 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cunliffe, Ann L. AU - Luhman, John T. AU - Boje, David M. PY - 2004 TI - Narrative Temporality: Implications for Organizational Research SP - 261-286 JF - Organization Studies VL - 25 IS - 2 N1 - Narrative Temporality: Implications for Organizational Research N1 - 10.1177/0170840604040038 KW - narrative organisational temporalities methodology time perspective orientation within time Ricoeur Sartre Philosophy Method: dynamic rather than static Relevance: 2 time as missing element temporality of academic work Assumptions about time obscuring x N2 - Our aim is to stimulate critical reflection on an issue that has received relatively little attention: how alternative presuppositions about time can lead to different narrative ways of researching and theorizing organizational life. Based on two amendments to Paul Ricoeur’s work in Time and Narrative, we re-story narrative research in organizations as Narrative Temporality (NT). Our amendments draw upon the temporality perspective of Jean-Paul Sartre in order to reframe narrative research in organizations as a fluid, dynamic, yet rigorous process open to the interpretations (negotiated) of its many participants (polyphonic) and situated in the context and point of enactment (synchronic). We believe an approach to narrative organizational research grounded in NT can open up new ways of thinking about experience and sense-making, and help us take reflexive responsibility for our research. UR - http://oss.sagepub.com/content/25/2/261.abstract ID - 960 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cwerner, Saulo PY - 2000 TI - The Chronopolitan Ideal: Time, Belonging and Globalization SP - 331-345 JF - Time & Society VL - 9 IS - 2-3 N1 - The Chronopolitan Ideal: Time, Belonging and Globalization KW - Cosmopolitanism Political theory politics temporal vs spatial communities Generations ethics history multiple temporalities Synchronicity international politics belonging globalisation international politics time as missing element homogenising present critique of discipline Temporally extended responsibilities temporal complexity coevalness Relevance: 2 future generations political community N2 - Cosmopolitanism has reappeared strongly in contemporary social, cultural and political theory, usually referring to a realignment of cultural or political forms of attachment and belonging, or to the urgent need to reform the political foundations of international society. There is, however, a strong spatial bias in ongoing reconstructions of cosmopolitanism. One result of this is that the critical edge of cosmopolitan ideas is dissolved in the multiplication of superficial global identities and, especially, in a reified and ahistorical global present. As an alternative, this research note suggests the concept of chronopolitanism, which is developed as a theoretical as well as an ethical opening that reconfigures the search for a world political community in time and history. It is a move that has the explicit aim of extending social and political responsibilities to past, present, and future generations, as well as to the diversity of histories and rhythms of life that coexist in the global present. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463X00009002012 ID - 242 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cwerner, Saulo B. PY - 2001 TI - The Times of Migration SP - 7-36 JF - Ethnic and Racial Studies VL - 27 IS - 1 N1 - The Times of Migration KW - Migration modernity globalisation Mobility across communities Relevance: 2 nationalism multiculturalism U.K. Brazil Sociology Asynchrony multiple temporalities inclusion/exclusion time as missing element methodology national time Transnational nomadic communities N2 - Time and migration have become fundamental themes in recent debates about modernity, globalisation, mobility and other contemporary issues. However, the relationship between the two has rarely figured as an explicit object of research. And yet, the analysis of the mutual implications between migration and time can be crucial for the understanding of several theoretical and practical problems associated with immigration, nation-states and multicultural societies. This article examines some of the complex temporal dimensions of the migration process. It reveals that time has often appeared as an important dimension in various accounts of immigration. On the basis of empirical research conducted with a particular immigrant group, namely Brazilians in London, the article suggests a number of conceptual tools for the analysis of the temporal aspects of migration. This conceptual framework is based on the development of the notions of the strange, heteronomous, asynchronous, remembered, collage, liminal, diasporic and nomadic times of migration. Finally, I briefly discuss the relationship between these times, the nation-states' responses to immigration, and the constitution of new forms of transnational social and cultural practices. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13691830125283 ID - 953 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Cwerner, Saulo B. PY - 2004 TI - Faster, Faster and Faster: The Time Politics of Asylum in the UK SP - 71-88 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 1 N1 - Faster, Faster and Faster: The Time Politics of Asylum in the UK N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04040747 KW - Acceleration of time politics political time U.K. migration globalisation national time Mobility across communities temporal ordering Synchronicity time as tool for political legitimation law Simultaneity Critical temporalities homogenising present Technology Relevance: 2 territory policy global present Asynchrony N2 - This article examines the time politics of asylum in the United Kingdom from the 1990s. It argues that the new phase of globalization of migration has challenged the nation-state’s traditional form of control over population movements in its territory. In the context of asylum policy in the UK, the state’s response has been one of attempting to reorder and re-synchronize the movements and fates of a fast-increasing number of asylum seekers. The main strategy has been to speed up the asylum process through new legislation and administrative procedures. The article analyses this strategy and examines the limits to this time politics of speed, arguing for new ways of appropriating a global simultaneity made possible by technological transformation in the light of nonsimultaneous processes unleashed by the global movement of people. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/13/1/71.abstract ID - 902 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Czarnota, Adam PY - 2007 BT - Law and the Politics of Reconciliation ED - Veitch, Scott CT - Sacrum, Profanum and Social Time: Quasi-Theological Reflections on Time and Reconciliation CY - Aldershot PB - Ashgate SP - 147-162 N1 - Sacrum, Profanum and Social Time: Quasi-Theological Reflections on Time and Reconciliation KW - social time ethics political theory law Multiple temporalities temporal conflict Relevance: 2 Forgiveness Sacred time indigenous peoples N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6Bl3Y5G1OjkC ID - 389 ER - TY - JOUR AU - da Silva, J. P. PY - 2009 TI - The tension between social time and individual time SP - 35-50 JF - Tempo Social VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 0103-2070 N1 - The tension between social time and individual time AN - WOS:000269288200003 KW - social time Labour time orientation within time values aging Philosophy individual time social time Relevance: 2 temporal conflict N2 - The article explores the theme of time in the work of Andre Gorz, using this motif as a basis for understanding his conception of the relationship between individual and society. This aim in mind, it identifies and describes his three approaches to time: the first seeks to construct an axiology of values based on the three temporal dimensions (past, present and future); the second examines the relationship between time and aging; and the third deals with the time of work. After describing each of these three approaches, the article concludes by identifying the tension between social time and individual time in the author's theory, a tension that largely a-rises from a philosophical viewpoint that conceives individual and society as almost antagonistic entities. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-20702009000100003 ID - 787 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Daly, Kerry J. PY - 1996 BT - Families and Time: Keeping Pace in a Hurried Culture CY - Thousand Oaks, CA PB - Sage N1 - Families and Time: Keeping Pace in a Hurried Culture KW - families time spent with community Acceleration of time public and private time coordinating between different times time management multiple temporalities temporal conflict conceptions of time Methodology life course changing perceptions of time history of changing perceptions of time social time Technology generations power gender labour time care work time scarcity Relevance: 2 children/youth N2 - What is family time and what value do we place on it? How many families today have time to be families? How do families view, use, and seek to control time, and how successful are they at it? Caught between a public world speeding along on information superhighways and their own private desire to preserve the family as a rest stop, family members look for new and efficient ways to protect, control, and manage their time. The concept of time is central to the study of families and is used in several different ways: families have changed through history, families experience the passage of time as they age over the life course, and families negotiate time for being together. Families & Time is the first to synthesize these differing concepts of time into a broad theory of how families understand time. In this important volume, Kerry J. Daly examines time as a pervasive influence in the changing experimental world of families. The book opens with a discussion of the various ways time can be conceptualized, in general, followed by an examination of how families have experienced time throughout history. Subsequent chapters examine the social construction of time in families; as well as such specific topics as time and technology in the home; controlling time; and the societal, gender, and intergenerational politics of family time. Though at its heart a theoretical book, Families & Time consciously focuses on the practical aspects of this theory in understanding the power in the family, the family life cycle, and work/family conflicts. Scholars interested in the development of theory of the family, examining gender and work issues, and exploring various perspectives on time will find this book indispensable. "In this compelling portrayal of the patterns and politics of family time, author Kerry J. Daly has produced a masterpiece. Destined to become a classic, Families & Time will alert scholars across disciplines to the breadth and depth of interdisciplinary family studies. Accessible to everyone, Families & Time can be read for knowledge and pleasure, as a new contribution to family theory construction, a mediation on the pervasiveness and value of time in family experience, and a wellspring of creative ideas for families who want to gain control over their perceived loss of time in an accelerated society. Scrupulously documented in a writing style that combines metaphor, narrative, and empirical findings, Daly succeeds in offering a new consciousness and theory of family time. I will read and recommend this book to others over and over again." --Katherine R. Allen, Ph.D., Family and Child Development, Virginia Tech UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=uentAAAAMAAJ ID - 2049 ER - TY - CHAP AU - D'Anglure, Bernard Saladin PY - 1994 BT - Signifying Animals: human meaning in the natural world ED - Willis, Roy CT - Nanook, super-male: the polar bear in the imaginary space and social time of the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic CY - London PB - Routledge SP - 178-195 N1 - Nanook, super-male: the polar bear in the imaginary space and social time of the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic SN - 978-0-04-445014-6 KW - Animals social time Canada Indigenous Canadians indigenous peoples Inuit myth origin stories gender Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: With the help of data drawn on by these authorities and material collected by me in the central Canadian Arctic between 1971 and 1980 I shall try to show how the polar bear is a dominating figure in the imaginary sapce and social time of the Inuity. this is because of its omnipresence in Inuit culture from the very beginning of the cosmogonic ("world-making") myths to the limits of the power of the shaman, as well as in everyday life. It is also significant as an intrumental and symoblic support of male authority. From the back of the book: Signifying Animals examines what animals mean to human beings around the world, offering a fresh assessment of the workings of animal symbolism in diverse cultures. The essays in the book are based on first-hand field research with peoples as dissimilar as the Mongolian nomads of Soviet Central Asia, Aboriginal Australians, Inuit hunters of the Canadian Arctic and cultivators of Africa and Papua New Guinea. The essays look at accounts of mythical beasts among the Amerindian peoples of Andean South America, alleged sightings of an extinct giant bird in New Zealand as well as the complex symbolism of the American rodeo. Others discuss animal symbolism in the Middle East, India and the ancient picts of Scotland. The book advances a powerful argument against some prevalent fallacies in symbolic interpretation. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=3USuNcJOQyIC ID - 648 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Danzer, Gerald A. AU - McBride, Lawrence W. PY - 1986 BT - People, Space and Time : The Chicago Neighborhood History Project: An Introduction to Community History For Schools CY - Lanham, MD PB - University Press of America N1 - People, Space and Time : The Chicago Neighborhood History Project: An Introduction to Community History For Schools SN - 0819152226 / 9780819152220 / 0-8191-5222-6 N1 - large amount of conflicting citationa information about this book.. N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - history USA Relevance: unknown education N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=bA8XAQAAMAAJ ID - 41 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Darier, Éric PY - 1998 TI - Time to be Lazy: Work, the Environment and Modern Subjectivities SP - 193-208 N1 - September 1, 1998 JF - Time & Society VL - 7 IS - 2-3 N1 - Time to be Lazy: Work, the Environment and Modern Subjectivities N1 - M3 - 10.1177/0961463x98007002002 KW - climate change environment time discipline time allocation Time scarcity Acceleration of time Deceleration of time Clock time labour time identity experiential time Critical temporalities Relevance: 3 Subjectivity industrialisation changing perceptions of time N2 - This paper explores the time dimensions - and more specifically busyness and speed - which are at the centre of the triangular relationship between work, the environment and modern subjectivities. It shows how the introduction of clock-time in the workplace constituted the modern individual as a `busy self'. It is also argued that current concerns for the environment are still constituted mainly within the boundaries of the busy self. It is suggested that reducing human activities - i.e. `laziness' - could be a relevant alternative to the entrapments of modernity. For this purpose, the reader will be offered a reinterpretation of Paul Lafargue's 1883 pamphlet, The Right to Be Lazy, in which he advocates a 3-hour working day. The relevance of Lafargue's arguments is examined in relation to the contemporary context. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/7/2-3/193.abstract ID - 390 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Das, Veena PY - 1992 TI - Time, Self, and Community: Features of the Sikh Militant Discourse SP - 245-259 JF - Contributions to Indian Sociology VL - 26 IS - 2 N1 - Time, Self, and Community: Features of the Sikh Militant Discourse M3 - 10.1177/006996692026002003 N1 - SAGE KW - sociology non-homogeneous community politics Agency India Coevalness multiple temporalities Past in the present Relevance: 1 History change over time eternity Sacred time Asynchrony time as symbolic resource time as tool for political legitimation Shared present Hinduism N2 - In this paper I shall examine the construction of the Sikh militant discourse in the Punjab in recent years.' This discourse is part of the political language being evolved by the militant movement to create a politically active group and to forge an effective unity among the Sikhs. Thus, a 'we' group is sought to be created out of a heterogeneous community that can function as an effective political agency in the context of the structures of the modern state in India. It is interesting, therefore, to see that this discourse functions through a series of rigorous dualisms in which masculine and feminine, Hindu and Sikh, and state and community, function as counter concepts. However, it is important to remember that not all these concepts have the-same status. Some oppositions such as that of masculine and feminine are, seen as belonging to nature; others are seen as products of history. The rigorous dualisms as part of an unstable, evolving, political language are new; they bear the stamp of contemporaneity, and some may well become neutralised in course of time. Hence it is important to see that the militant discourse sees the sacred and the eternal as breaking into modern political events. This is characteristic of the language through which linguistic and political self-recognition is sought to be created among the Sikhs, but this language is part of the contemporary political culture in India rather than being a trace or remnant of the past. UR - http://cis.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/26/2/245 ID - 198 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dauphinee, Elizabeth N1 - Mar 22, 2006 PY - 2006 TI - Proximity, Temporality, and Responsibility in International Relations T3 - The Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association CY - Town & Country Resort and Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA KW - international Relations mourning Politics Teleology Progress Coevalness Synchronicity ethics temporally extended responsibilities Responsibility homogenising present Trauma multiple temporalities temporal conflict in/commensurability between times violence linear time narrative Levinas embodiment Relevance: 2 Affect Asynchrony Agamben Butler Face-to-face AB - The social connectivity between humans appears to hinge on the condition of co-temporality in a teleology of progression which is essential to most theories of time. In other words, we are understood to experience time synchronously, yet also individually ? independently of one another. This has profound implications for ethics insofar as it limits the possibilities of responsibility to those whom we can locate as co-existent with us in time and space. The limitations of co-temporality are multiple and profound. For example, the conception of co-temporality disallows the question of how we respond to those who have already been lost to violence and war. It limits our ability to explore the fissure between 'normal time' and 'trauma time' (Edkins: 2003) and to theorize the ways in which these two temporalities inter-relate through the sharing of certain surfaces. Additionally, it is precisely the attempt to 'normalize' extreme violence through the resorting to 'normal' activity that illustrates the insidiousness of violence in our experience of the everyday (Agamben: 2001). Our metaphysical reliance on time as a linear phenomenon also prescribes the form of our activities and our sense of meaning within it. For example, our stories become time-based ? subject to particular forms of narrativity that can never contain all that we are or experience (Butler: 2003). Those narratives which cannot follow the accepted temporal requirements ? and these are particularly narratives associated with trauma and mourning ? are often dismissed as instances of unreality, delusion, or emotional illness. This paper explores the relationship between time and the hyperviolence associated with the mechanization of political murder. The paper will explore the Levinasian proposition that time is essentially an intersubjective, relational phenomenon which is absolutely exterior to the self, and which dwells in the ethical relationship of the face-to-face. This suggests that time is not static or uniform ? it suggests that time is altered by the experience of the body in pain or other kinds of extreme trauma. UR - http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p98515_index.html ID - 2024 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Davison, Graeme PY - 1993 BT - The Unforgiving Minute: How Australians Learned to Tell the Time CY - Melbourne PB - Oxford UP N1 - The Unforgiving Minute: How Australians Learned to Tell the Time KW - Australia changing perceptions of time Technology history colonialism time discipline Transport technologies punctuality labour time modernity Postmodernism Relevance: 2 history of changing perceptions of time time as tool for managing percieved threats clocks clock time Acceleration of time children/youth time reckoning N2 - In asking how Australia learned to tell the time, Graeme Davison uncovers a surprising story. From ship's chronometers to digital clocks, from time-balls to time pips, from dreamtime to flexitime, clocks and time-keeping have been the quiet revolutionaries of Australian history. As the convict era drew to an end, the colonial governors looked to clocks as the mechanical policemen of an emerging free society. Fifty years later, as railways and telegraphs began to spread across the land, and pocket watches appeared on the waistcoats of working men, colonial society began to keep stricter hours of work and play, and to teach its children the virtue of punctuality. In the early 20th century, punch clocks and time-switches laid the basis for new patterns of work in the factory and the home. Now, in the 1990s, the "faceless clocks" in computers and automated control systems have created a "postmodern" time regime that is both more flexible, and more demanding, than its predecessors. Drawing on a wide range of theoretical insights and primary sources, "The Unforgiving Minute" offers an original interpretation of Australian history. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=e4e3AAAAIAAJ ID - 1014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - De, Esha Niyogi PY - 2002 TI - Masculinity, Community, and Time in Singaporean Cinema SP - 199-218 JF - Emergences: Journal for the Study of Media & Composite Cultures VL - 12 IS - 2 SN - 1045-7224 N1 - Masculinity, Community, and Time in Singaporean Cinema N1 - informaworld KW - media gender Asia Cultural studies cinema Relevance: 1 N2 - not available UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/10457220216365 ID - 215 ER - TY - JOUR AU - De Meyere, Job PY - 2009 TI - The Care for the Present: Giorgio Agamben's Actualisation of the Pauline Messianic Experience SP - 168-184 JF - Bijdragen, Tijdschrift voor Filosofie en Theologie VL - 70 IS - 2 N1 - The Care for the Present: Giorgio Agamben's Actualisation of the Pauline Messianic Experience M3 - 10.2143/BIJ.70.2.2037126 N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Agamben Past in the present Continental Philosophy philosophy Political community Religion present Relevance: 2 sacred time Messianic time Shared present religious communities N2 - According to Giorgio Agamben, the Messianic thinking of Saint Paul opens a new way of understanding our human existence. Paul's 'the time of the now' is a specific experience of time in which new possibilities of conceiving human life are unfolded. Agamben furthermore argues that we should not interpret the Pauline letters as testimonies of the past, but rather as texts that point to a radical contemporary experience. In this article, this radical actualization of the Pauline heritage is analyzed. It is argued that Agamben infuses Pauline thinking in his own understanding of contemporary political life. By applying a methodology of (Messianic) displacement to both the contemporary experience of human political life and the past Messianic experience of Pauline community, a new interpretation of the human form of life is introduced by Agamben. This new form of life testifies of a nonrepresentable human residue beyond every possible political representational act. This human residue is according to Agamben the true 'subject' of a new political ethos. In his philosophical thinking, Paul's 'time of the now' thereby becomes a Messianic possibility of our own 'present' or our own current historical moment. (edited) UR - http://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=2037126 ID - 168 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Decker, Jeffrey Louis PY - 1993 TI - The State of Rap: Time and Place in Hip Hop Nationalism SP - 53-84 JF - Social Text IS - 34 SN - 01642472 N1 - The State of Rap: Time and Place in Hip Hop Nationalism KW - music nationalism Counter modernity Counter traditions inclusion/exclusion Critical temporalities inclusion/exclusion myth future orientation past orientation orientation within time past in the present Relevance: 2 history national time Africa USA N2 - not available - from the text: While the notion of time is central to sixties-inspired nationalism, the idea of place has heightened importance for Afrocentric nationalism. Sixties-inspired hip hop, espoused by rap groups such as Public Enemy, is time conscious to the degree that it appropriates the language of organized black revolts from the 1960s around the concept of "nation time." Afrocentric rap, which can be found in the music of XClan, reclaims the ancient Egyptian empire as the African origin in order to generate racial pride and awareness in the struggle over injustice in America. I am interested in the ways in which rap music uses the language of nation to rearticulate a history of racial oppression and struggle which can energize the movement toward black empowerment and independence. Rap groups espousing a black nationalist sound, image, and message draw from both recent struggles that anticipate the coming of the black nation (nation time) and a mythical attitude toward an immemorial African nation (nation place). Nationalism is defined by the ambivalent relationship between these two tendencies- that is, a simultaneous looking forward and backward. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/466354 ID - 571 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Deeb, Lara PY - 2009 TI - Emulating and/or Embodying the Ideal: The Gendering of Temporal Frameworks and Islamic Role Models in Shi'i Lebanon SP - 242-257 JF - American Ethnologist VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 00940496 N1 - Emulating and/or Embodying the Ideal: The Gendering of Temporal Frameworks and Islamic Role Models in Shi'i Lebanon KW - Middle East Religion scheduling history gender Anthropology Islam commemorative events multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 Method: ethnography time as symbolic resource past in the present coordinating between different times transnational politics N2 - In this article, I discuss two of the major temporal frameworks that pious Shi'i Muslims in Lebanon draw on, as seen through the example of the Battle of Karbala, its annual commemoration during Ashura, and the work that the religious figures Imam Husayn and Sayyida Zaynab do in linking history to the contemporary moment. I suggest that, to fully understand how these two temporalities work, it is necessary to attend to the ways in which they are differently gendered. I conclude by proposing explanations for that gendering that take into account both the Ashura history itself and contemporary local and transnational political contingencies. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/27667560 ID - 251 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Degnen, Cathrine PY - 2007 BT - Creativity and Cultural Improvisation ED - Hallam, Elizabeth ED - Ingold, Tim CT - Back to the future: temporality, narrative and the ageing self CY - Oxford, New York PB - Berg SP - 223-236 N1 - Back to the future: temporality, narrative and the ageing self KW - Death & dying narrative identity inclusion/exclusion Assumptions about time obscuring x Anthropology temporal conflict changing perceptions of time relevance: 3 N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=Evf8YaFdbtkC ID - 2050 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Deleuze, Gilles PY - 1989 BT - Cinema II: The Time-Image CY - London PB - Athlone Press N1 - Tomlinson, H. ED - Galeta, R. N1 - Cinema II: The Time-Image KW - cinema media Bergson Deleuze relevance: 3 philosophy memory communication N2 - Cinema II completes the major reassessment of cinema Deleuze began in Cinema I. This volume offers a fascinating analysis of the representation of time in film and the cinematic treatment of memory, thought and speech. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=WKGsHmlEfYkC ID - 2051 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Denzin, Norman K. PY - 1987 TI - Under the Influence of Time: Reading the Interactional Text SP - 327-341 JF - The Sociological Quarterly VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 00380253 N1 - Under the Influence of Time: Reading the Interactional Text KW - Sociology experiential time cinema temporal ordering psychology time as missing element Critique of discipline Relevance: 2 History time as missing element social psychology N2 - This article examines the phenomenon of first-time throughness, which speaks to how social events are experienced in real, interactional time. Multiple readings of the made-for-television film Under the Influence (Green 1986), are presented. These readings are used as evidence to support the conclusion that the lived orderliness of everyday life rests on the sense of history that first-time throughness gives to problematic and taken-for-granted interactional experiences. It is argued that contemporary social psychological theory ignores the temporal features of social life. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4120646 ID - 2037 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Derrida, Jacques PY - 1994 BT - Spectres of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning, and the New International CY - New York and London PB - Routledge N1 - Kamuf, Peggy N1 - Spectres of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning, and the New International KW - Marxism History Derrida Deconstruction Continental Philosophy Philosophy Memory Relevance: 2 Political theory Heritage Mourning Untimely Unpredictibility temporally extended responsibilities what might have been N2 - Written in the aftermath of the fall of the Berlin Wall and within the context of a critique of a "new world order" that proclaims the death of Marx and Marxism, Jacques Derrida undertakes a reading of Marx's "spectropoetics" -- his obsession with ghosts, specters and spirits. Derrida argues that there is more than one spirit of Marx and that it is the responsibility of his heirs -- we are all heirs of Marx -- to sift through the possible legacies, the possible spirits, reaffirming one and not the other. He leads beyond the deafening disavowal of Marx today, a disavowal he sees as an attempt to exorcise Marx's ghost. Specters of Marx represents renowned philosopher Jacques Derrida's first major work on Marx and his definitive entry into social and political philosophy. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=wbCMPwAACAAJ ID - 394 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Derrida, Jacques PY - 1997 BT - Politics of Friendship CY - London PB - Verso N1 - Collins, George N1 - Politics of Friendship SN - 1859840337 KW - Continental Philosophy politics Derrida Philosophy Political theory Political community futurity history open future Relevance: 2 heritage friendship Unpredictibility non-homogeneous community gender imagined futures Aristotle Democracy what is not yet Kant Nietzsche N2 - O, my friends, there is no friend.' The most influential of contemporary philosophers explores the idea of friendship and its political consequences, past and future. Until relatively recently, Jacques Derrida was seen by many as nothing more than the high priest of Deconstruction, by turns stimulating and fascinating, yet always somewhat disengaged from the central political questions of our time. Or so it seemed. Derrida's 'political turn,' marked especially by the appearance of Specters of Marx , has surprised some and delighted others. In The Politics of Friendship Derrida renews and enriches this orientation through an examination of the political history of the idea of friendship pursued down the ages. Derrida's thoughts are haunted throughout the book by the strange and provocative address attributed to Aristotle, 'my friends, there is no friend' and its inversions by later philosophers such as Montaigne, Kant, Nietzsche, Schmitt and Blanchot. The exploration allows Derrida to recall and restage the ways in which all the oppositional couples of Western philosophy and political thought'friendship and enmity, private and public life ' have become madly and dangerously unstable. At the same time he dissects genealogy itself, the familiar and male-centered notion of fraternity and the virile virtue whose authority has gone unquestioned in our culture of friendship and our models of democracy The future of the political, for Derrida, becomes the future of friends, the invention of a radically new friendship, of a deeper and more inclusive democracy. This remarkable book, his most profoundly important for many years, offers a challenging and inspiring vision of that future. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=IA-_po38YB0C ID - 395 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Derrida, Jacques PY - 1998 BT - Monolingualism of the Other or The Prosthesis of Origin CY - Stanford, California PB - Stanford University Press N1 - Mensah, Patrick N1 - Monolingualism of the Other or The Prosthesis of Origin KW - Communication Continental Philosophy philosophy heritage history language inclusion/exclusion identity ethnicity race Colonialism Relevance: 3 belonging past in the present open future education origin stories Derrida Arendt Levinas Judaism N2 - “I have but one language—yet that language is not mine.” This book intertwines theoretical reflection with historical and cultural particularity to enunciate, then analyze this conundrum in terms of the author’s own relationship to the French language.The book operates on three levels. At the first level, a theoretical inquiry investigates the relation between individuals and their “own” language. It also explores the structural limits, desires, and interdictions inherent in such “possession,” as well as the corporeal aspect of language (its accents, tones, and rhythms) and the question of the “countability” of languages (that is, their discreteness or factual givenness).At the second level, the author testifies to aspects of his acculturation as an Algerian Jew with respect to language acquisition, schooling, citizenship, and the dynamics of cultural-political exclusion and inclusion. At the third level, the book is comparative, drawing on statements from a wide range of figures, from the Moroccan Abdelkebir Khatibi to Franz Rosenzweig, Gershom Scholem, Hannah Arendt, and Emmanuel Levinas.Since one of the book’s central themes is the question of linguistic and cultural identity, its argument touches on several issues relevant to the current debates on multiculturalism. These issues include the implementation of colonialism in the schools, the tacit or explicit censorship that excludes other (indigenous) languages from serious critical consideration, the investment in an ideal of linguistic purity, and the problematics of translation. The author also reveals the complex interplay of psychological factors that invests the subject of identity with the desire to recover a “lost” language of origin and with the ambition to master the language of the colonizer. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=sVil3lVznQ4C ID - 396 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Derrida, Jacques and Anne Dufourmantelle PY - 2000 BT - Of Hospitality CY - Stanford, California PB - Stanford University Press N1 - Bowlby, Rachel N1 - Of Hospitality KW - open future unpredictibility ethics philosophy Continental Philosophy Derrida heritage Social Change relevance: 3 inclusion/exclusion media heritage Derrida Borders Hospitality N2 - These two lectures by Jacques Derrida, “Foreigner Question” and “Step of Hospitality/No Hospitality,” derive from a series of seminars on “hospitality” conducted by Derrida in Paris, January 1996. His seminars, in France and in America, have become something of an institution over the years, the place where he presents the ongoing evolution of his thought in a remarkable combination of thoroughly mapped-out positions, sketches of new material, and exchanges with students and interlocutors. As has become a pattern in Derrida's recent work, the form of this presentation is a self-conscious enactment of its content. The book consists of two texts on facing pages. “Invitation” by Anne Dufourmantelle appears on the left (an invitation that of course originates in a response), clarifying and inflecting Derrida’s “response” on the right. The interaction between them not only enacts the “hospitality” under discussion, but preserves something of the rhythms of teaching. The volume also characteristically combines careful readings of canonical texts and philosophical topics with attention to the most salient events in the contemporary world, using “hospitality” as a means of rethinking a range of political and ethical situations. “Hospitality” is viewed as a question of what arrives at the borders, in the initial surprise of contact with an other, a stranger, a foreigner. For example, Antigone is revisited in light of the question of impossible mourning; Oedipus at Colonus is read via concerns that also apply to teletechnology; the trial of Socrates is brought into conjunction with the televised funeral of François Mitterrand. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=Cy1kD3IjeiQC ID - 397 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Deutscher, Penelope PY - 2006 TI - Repetition Facility: Beauvior on Women's Time SP - 327-342 JF - Australian Feminist Studies VL - 21 IS - 51 N1 - Repetition Facility: Beauvior on Women's Time KW - repetition philosophy Beauvoir gender women's time women feminism open future Relevance: 2 women's time Routines home public and private time reproductive time Unpredictibility social Change progress critical temporalities care work N2 - In her 1940s discussions of domestication and women, the theme of repetition encompasses some of her most effective and celebrated material (her denunciation of the tedium of housework) and also some of the material most repudiated by critics (her reservations about maternity). As we listen to the problem posed by repetition in both cases, it becomes clear that the theoretical languages used to formulate the problem are not identical. A series of tensions is introduced into Beauvoir's work, between an account of repetition considered intrinsically problematic for women and others, and Beauvoir's concurrent stress on freedom and transcendence. Beauvoir never relinquishes the view that forms of resistance are always available to women. In identifying women, like all humans, with transcendence, the question arises as to how that transcendence is to be located in forms of repetition as they are lived by women, as compared to its expression in the progressive projects that might provide alternatives for, or new meanings to, repetitive lives. It is Beauvoir herself who argues that repetition can never be repetition, but Beauvoir also who is inclined to depict a merely repetitive life, or formation, so as to consider its possible social alternatives. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08164640600926008 ID - 398 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Devine, Fiona AU - Britton, Nadia Joanne AU - Mellor, Rosemary AU - Halfpenny, Peter PY - 2003 BT - Social Relations and the Life Course: Age, Generation and Social Change ED - Allan, Graham ED - Jones, Gill CT - Family and Community Ties in Space and Time CY - Basingstoke, Hants, UK PB - Palgrave Macmillan T3 - Explorations in Sociology. British Sociological Association Conference SP - 172-186 N1 - Family and Community Ties in Space and Time KW - Families life course sociology social Change Aging Migration Trajectories change over time Relevance: 1 children/youth N2 - This chapter examines how family and community ties influence the migration patterns of young middle-class professionals working in the financial and business services sector of Manchester. abstract for the collection: This collection of essays represents some of the most important recent research into changing patterns of family, household and community life. As well examining the experiences of childhood and parenting, it analyses the changing circumstances of young people as they develop their own family and household trajectories, ones which are markedly different to those typically followed by their parents. In addition, the book includes chapters concerned with adaption to other types of change in domestic and community living, including relocation and retirement. Bringing together some of the leading sociologists in the field to explore how these informal social relationships change over time and the life course, it will be essential reading on courses concerned with the family and youth sociology. UR - http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=265179 ID - 1036 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dhareshwar, Vivek PY - 1995 TI - 'Our Time': History, Sovereignty and Politics SP - 317-324 JF - Economic and Political Weekly VL - 30 IS - 6 SN - 00129976 N1 - 'Our Time': History, Sovereignty and Politics KW - History Postcolonialism Political theory relevance: 2 politics Modernity counter modernity Democratic present N2 - If the modernist injunction has been to make the present an object of reflection and to make ourselves the object of interrogation, the question for post-colonials is, what does it mean to be modern? This paper raises questions about how the political present theorises itself, focusing on three concepts - history, sovereignty and the subject. It is argued that deploying the problematic of community should enable us to delineate the conceptual limits of the political languages of modernity and to show the impasses of post-modernity as well as the reflexive possibilities of the political present. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4402380 ID - 292 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dharwadker, Aparna Bhargava PY - 2008 TI - Mohan Rakesh, Modernism, and the Postcolonial Present SP - 136-162 JF - South Central Review VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 1549-3377 N1 - Mohan Rakesh, Modernism, and the Postcolonial Present KW - postcolonialism modernity Temporal distancing literary theory literature India critical temporalities Relevance: 2 epochalism cosmopolitanism nationalism N2 - Mohan Rakesh, Modernism, and the Postcolonial Present": The fin-de-siécle critical project of redefining the spatio-temporal boundaries of modernism has lately gathered new momentum by taking up the question of modernism's relation to colonialism and postcolonialism. Appearing at the intersection of modernist studies and postcolonial studies, important recent essays by Simon Gikandi, Susan Stanford Friedman, Ariela Freedman, and others argue for a recovery of the global networks of twentieth-century modernism that is predicated on cultural interflows rather than a unidirectional and hierarchical relation between the Western center and its non-Western peripheries. Linked by the emerging concept of "geomodernism," the new approaches, however, continue to privilege Western locations and the European languages, especially English, as the primary sites of modernity, often relegating non-Western spaces and non-Europhone works to the status of "vernacular" art. This essay extends the reach of geomodernism through a discussion of Mohan Rakesh (1925-1972), the iconic post-independence playwright in India's majority language, Hindi, and one of India's leading twentieth-century authors, irrespective of genre and language. As a member of the first generation of Indian-language writers whose careers unfolded after political independence in 1947, Rakesh exemplifies many of the larger literary, political, and cultural relations (and ruptures) that are seminal to any discussion of Indian modernism—those between colonial and postcolonial modernities, indigenous traditions and Western influences, the Indian languages and English, bourgeois-romantic nationalism and ironic individualism, Left ideology and a skeptical humanism, nationalism, and cosmopolitanism, center and periphery, village and city. Approaching him as a paradigmatic figure, the essay first considers the concepts of modernity and modernism as they emerge at the levels of taxonomy, theory, and practice in Indian literature and culture after the mid-nineteenth century, providing a conceptual framework for successive generations of pre- and post-independence writers. It then examines the modernist positions that appear in Rakesh's theory and criticism over the course of his career, especially in his arguments about creativity, authorship, form, content, and language. Finally, the essay offers a reading of Rakesh's last full-length play, Adhe adhure (The Unfinished, 1969), as a drama of urban dysfunction which combines realism with several structural innovations to accommodate the psychodrama of home and family—the privileged narrative of realism in modern Western theatre—to the Indian metropolis. The playwright becomes visible in these sequential analyses as a cosmopolitan modernist fully cognizant of Western movements but also fully committed to an indigenized aesthetic, his cosmopolitanism inhering precisely in the cultural ambidexterity of his vision. If Rakesh's linguistic medium is not that of the Western imperial metropolis, it is a medium with its own thousand-year imperial and metropolitan history; and if his modernism is furthest from the Anglo-European center in terms of geography, language, and cultural codes, it is proximate enough in theoretical, aesthetic, and political terms to constitute an important formation within geomodernism. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/south_central_review/v025/25.1dharwadker.html ID - 318 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dicks, Bella PY - 1997 TI - The Life and Times of Community: Spectacles of Collective Identity at the Rhondda Heritage Park SP - 195-212 JF - Time & Society VL - 6 IS - 2-3 N1 - The Life and Times of Community: Spectacles of Collective Identity at the Rhondda Heritage Park M3 - doi: 10.1177/0961463X97006002005 N1 - SAGE KW - Ricoeur Wales U.K. europe heritage Media narrative multiple temporalities affect shared past Relevance: 1 chronology experiential time historical time historiography homogenising present N2 - The representation of community entails a particular imagination of time, simultaneously chronological and subjective. The subjective sense of time is a central feature of heritage representational practice, which utilizes reconstruction and spectacle to supplement the chronological time of linear historiography with a plurality of personalized cameos. A particular audio-visual heritage exhibition, Black Gold at the Rhondda Heritage Park, is discussed in terms of its representation of `community time'. This is discussed in relation to Ricoeur's theory of narrative identity, in order to show the dependence of the trope of community on a particular homogenizing concept of time. Some of the reasons why Black Gold imagines community in the particular ways described are suggested, with respect to the dialogic relations between these texts and the world `outside' text in the local `structure of feeling' and socio-economic context. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/6/2-3/195.abstract ID - 194 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Dicks, Bella AU - Van Loon, Joost PY - 1999 BT - Nation, Identity and Social Theory ED - Fevre, Ralph ED - Thompson, Andrew CT - Territoriality and Heritage in South Wales: Space, Time and Imagined Communities CY - Cardiff PB - University of Wales Press N1 - Territoriality and Heritage in South Wales: Space, Time and Imagined Communities KW - territory heritage imagined pasts nationalism identity social theory Past in the present shared past Wales U.K. europe Relevance: 1 N2 - abstract not available - from http://www.scottishaffairs.org/backiss/pdfs/sa36/sa36_Evans.pdf [the authors] show that the presentation of the Rhondda Heritage Centre is shaped by local perceptions of the area's past and has to be if it is to have any credibility. Yet the narrative of struggle stops in 1958 resolved into a welfare state and nationalisation. for the collection: This volume draws on some of the developments in social theory to examine the different dimensions of nation and nationalism in contemporary Wales. It considers whether or not people have a clear sense of what a national identity might be. UR - http://books.google.com.pk/books/?id=53lnAAAAMAAJ ID - 849 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Dijk, Rijk van PY - 1998 BT - Memory and the postcolony : African anthropology and the critique of power ED - Werbner, Richard CT - Pentecostalism, Cultural Memory and the State: Contested Representations of Time in Postcolonial Malawi CY - London PB - Zed Books SP - 155-181 N1 - Pentecostalism, Cultural Memory and the State: Contested Representations of Time in Postcolonial Malawi KW - postcolonialism religion Collective memory Malawi Africa futurity separation from the past past in the present Utopia Christianity Relevance: 2 Modernity future orientation Anthropology N2 - In various parts of Africa, Pentecostalism underscores the necessity for its members to make a complete break with the past. Although Pentecostalism speaks a language of modernity in which there is a past-inferior versus a present-superior dichotomy whereby the believer is prompted to sever all ties with former social relations in the search for new individuality, it would be a mistake to argue that Pentecostalism stops here. On the contrary, the author argues that because the moment of instant rebirth is seen as the power base from which new future orientations are constructed, Pentecostalism may swing in different modalities from a disembedding of the subject from past social relations to a re-embedding in relations with a different temporal orientation. This is illustrated by the case of the Pentecostalist movement of 'Abadwa Mwatsopano' (Born Again) in urban areas of Malawi, and most of all in the largest city, Blantyre. This movement rose against the official discourse in Malawi, which fetishes the remembrance of the country's cultural past. Conversion narratives of young fundamentalists remember the past only to deny it. For the Born Again movement, the truth lies with a Christian future, utopian in its emancipatory promise UR - https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/dspace/bitstream/1887/9705/1/ASC_1267364_020.pdf ID - 323 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dimock, Wai-chee PY - 2002 TI - Non-Newtonian Time: Robert Lowell, Roman History, Vietnam War SP - 911-931 JF - American Literature VL - 74 IS - 4 N1 - Non-Newtonian Time: Robert Lowell, Roman History, Vietnam War M3 - citeulike-article-id:7790430 KW - literary theory history time as all encompassing non-linear time multiple temporalities philosophy Physics Newton chronology Simultaneity Relevance: unknown Aristotle N2 - not available - from the intro: What is non-Newtonian time? No ready answer comes to mind. Its opposite—Newtonian time—hardly fares better. Neither term is idiomatic or even vaguely recognizable because time is rarely qualified by these adjectives, or qualified at all. In more than just a grammatical sense, time seems to come all in one piece, in one flavor. It is an ontological given, a cosmic metric that dictates a fixed sequence of events against a fixed sequence of intervals. It is present everywhere, the same everywhere, independent of anything we do. It carries no descriptive label and has no need to advertise or to repudiate that label. When seen as this uniform background, time is quantifiable. Its measurable segments are exactly the same length, one segment coming after another in a single direction. This unidirectionality means that there is only one way to line up two events, one way to measure the distance between them. Apparently, we need to imagine time in this concrete form—as a sort of measuring rod—to convince ourselves of its absolute existence. One year, one month, one minute—these unit lengths have to be "real" unit lengths, objectively measurable. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_literature/v074/74.4dimock02.html ID - 227 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diner, Dan PY - 1998 TI - Nation, Migration, and Memory: On Historical Concepts of Citizenship SP - 293-306 JF - Constellations: An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory VL - 4 IS - 3 N1 - Nation, Migration, and Memory: On Historical Concepts of Citizenship KW - nationalism Migration Memory Democracy Political theory social theory history past in the present present Collective memory Relevance: 2 citizenship democratic present history epistemology political community N2 - The article deals with the historical and mnemonic preconditions of the concept of citizenship. It distinguishes between Western-type political culture based on the notion of "present political time," versus cultures constructed on different past times. The common distinction of ethnos and demos is explained by layers of historical memory. In this context, memory is re-evaluated as an epistemological concept in the realm of the political claim embedded in citizenship. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-8675.00056/abstract ID - 603 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dinshaw, Carolyn AU - Edelman, Lee AU - Ferguson, Roderick A. AU - Freccero, Carla AU - Freeman, Elizabeth AU - Judith Halberstam AU - Jagose, Annamarie AU - Nealon, Christopher AU - Hoang, Nguyen Tan PY - 2007 TI - Theorizing Queer Temporalities: A Roundtable Discussion SP - 177-195 JF - GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies VL - 13 IS - 2-3 N1 - Theorizing Queer Temporalities: A Roundtable Discussion KW - queer temporalities history inclusion/exclusion philosophy Collective memory Relevance: 2 literary theory Reproductive time generations Queer theory Halberstam N2 - not available UR - http://glq.dukejournals.org/cgi/pdf_extract/13/2-3/177 ID - 400 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diprose, Rosalyn PY - 2006 TI - Derrida and the Extraordinary Responsibility of Inheriting the Future-to-come SP - 435-447 JF - Social Semiotics VL - 16 IS - 3 N1 - Derrida and the Extraordinary Responsibility of Inheriting the Future-to-come M3 - 10.1080/10350330600824193 KW - Derrida Responsibility political theory futurity philosophy Continental Philosophy Heritage history open future action Relevance: 3 identity past in the present politics N2 - This paper examines Jacques Derrida's account of the paradoxical structure of responsibility from two perspectives. First, in terms of the temporal dimension of responsibility as a responsiveness that affirms but also disrupts and critiques one's cultural heritage, and thereby constitutes the self as futural. Second, responsibility is examined in terms of its political dimension as a deconstruction of the opposition between determinism and absolute freedom. Against assumptions that deconstruction implies political quietism, the paper argues that it is necessary to assume what Derrida understands by “responsibility worthy of the name” in order to counter the closure of futurity that accompanies both terrorism and political conservatism. UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/csos/2006/00000016/00000003/art00004 ID - 401 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diprose, Rosalyn PY - 2008 TI - Arendt and Nietzsche on responsibility and futurity SP - 617-642 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 34 IS - 6 N1 - Arendt and Nietzsche on responsibility and futurity M3 - 10.1177/0191453708090331 KW - futurity Continental Philosophy philosophy Arendt nietzsche Unpredictibility embodiment Affect normativity Political theory Relevance: 3 open future Responsibility political time normativity political community N2 - This article compares Nietzsche's and Arendt's critiques of the juridical concept of responsibility (that emphasizes duty and blame) with the aim of deriving an account of responsibility appropriate for our time. It examines shared ground in their radical approaches to responsibility: by basing personal responsibility in conscience that expresses a self open to an undetermined future, rather than conscience determined by prevailing moral norms, they make a connection between a failure of personal responsibility and the way a totalizing politics jeopardizes human plurality. Two differences between Arendt and Nietzsche are also explored: Nietzsche's account of the corporeal and affective dimensions of conscience explains how politics can foreclose the futural, undetermined dimension of conscience; Arendt's account of political community exposes the mutual dependence of personal and political responsibility. By drawing together these aspects of Arendt's and Nietzsche's thought, the article aims to show how a failure of political responsibility can precipitate a failure of personal responsibility by undermining the basis of normativity that both liberal democratic politics and individual moral conscience would ordinarily share. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/content/34/6/617.abstract ID - 402 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diprose, Rosalyn PY - 2009 TI - Women's Bodies Giving Time for Hospitality SP - 378-399 JF - Hypatia VL - 24 IS - 2 N1 - Women's Bodies Giving Time for Hospitality M3 - 10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01036.x KW - political theory Gender Derrida levinas time scarcity Arendt natality Agency non-homogeneous community feminist theory home labour time Temporality of academic work Relevance: 2 Philosophy Continental Philosophy hospitality political time care work women's time open future Tradition temporal inequality N2 - This paper explores the gendered and temporal dimensions of the political ontology of hospitality that Derrida has developed from Levinas's philosophy. The claim is that, while hospitality per se takes time, the more that hospitality becomes conditional under conservative political forces, the more that the time it takes is given by women without acknowledgment or support. The analysis revisits Hannah Arendt's claim that central to the human condition and democratic plurality is disclosure of “natality” (innovation or the birth of the new). This can be described as accounting for the “temporalisation of time”: the disruption of the past (cultural tradition) in the present that is a condition of agency and political hospitality. On the other hand, the unpredictability and instability of human affairs that this temporalization of time engenders can, in times of heightened insecurity and fear, give birth to political conservatism that would contain “natality” and dampen the hospitality that characterizes democratic pluralism. The paper examines the connection between this idea of the temporalization of time and feminist observations, overlooked by Arendt, that “lived time” is gendered, that is, that the condition of “natality” and political hospitality is an unacknowledged stability provided by women giving lived time to others, beginning with reproduction in the “home.” The inequities that result are exacerbated, and democracy is further compromised, if this re-gendering of domestic space is accompanied by the deregularization of labor time. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2009.01036.x/abstract ID - 403 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dirlik, Arif PY - 2000 TI - Historicizing the Postcolonial Placing Edward Said: Space, Time and the Travelling Theorist SP - 281-310 JF - Recherche Littéraire/ Literary Research VL - 17 IS - 34 N1 - Historicizing the Postcolonial Placing Edward Said: Space, Time and the Travelling Theorist KW - history postcolonialism Relevance: unknown temporality of academic work N2 - Not available - See also - Arif Dirlik "Placing Edward Said: Space, Time and the Travelling Theorist," in Ashcroft and Kadhim, eds., Edward Said and the Post-Colonial. (Huntington, N.Y., 2001), 1-29 UR - not available ID - 324 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dobson, Lemont PY - 2005 TI - Time, Travel and Political Communities: Transportation and Travel Routes in Sixth- and Seventh-century Northumbria JF - The Heroic Age: A Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe VL - 8 IS - 3 N1 - Time, Travel and Political Communities: Transportation and Travel Routes in Sixth- and Seventh-century Northumbria KW - Transport technologies England U.K. coastal communities history Technology Geography Relevance: 2 political community changing perceptions of time time as resource N2 - History informs us that the political relationships members of the Northumbrian elite sought to cultivate during the sixth to the seventh centuries tended to be situated around the eastern coastline of England rather than among their seemingly contiguous inland neighbors. It has been suggested that this would seem to indicate a preference for maritime travel. However, questions of navigability of waterways and ship technology are paramount. This paper seeks to combine a desktop survey of the northeast coast of Britain and its attendant inland waterways with an overview of Anglo-Saxon ship technology to compare the estimated travel times by the various routes available, i.e., land and sea, in order to place the politico-religious relationships formed by the Northumbrian elite during the sixth and seventh centuries into a geographical context. UR - http://www.heroicage.org/issues/8/dobson.html ID - 850 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Domingues, José Maurício PY - 1995 TI - Sociological Theory and the Space-Time Dimension of Social Systems SP - 233-250 N1 - June 1, 1995 JF - Time & Society VL - 4 IS - 2 N1 - Sociological Theory and the Space-Time Dimension of Social Systems M3 - 10.1177/0961463x95004002004 KW - sociology time and space Agency methodology Systems Theory Relevance: 2 time as missing element causality Subjectivity homogenising present Kant Newton N2 - This article identifies the traditional Newtonian-Kantian definition of time and space in sociology and argues that, although certain important steps have been taken to overcome this outdated view, these novel perspectives have remained undeveloped as regards social systems. Accordingly, an approach is proposed that centres on the space-time dimension of social systems and their variable configuration. The article introduces the notions of `collective subjectivity' and `collective causality' so as to surpass the view of agents as atoms that move in homogeneous time and space. A critical assessment is thereby provided of the main recent contributions to this topic in sociological theory. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/4/2/233.abstract ID - 404 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Donaldson, Mike PY - 1996 TI - The End of Time? Aboriginal Temporality and the British Invasion of Australia SP - 187-207 JF - Time & Society VL - 5 IS - 2 N1 - The End of Time? Aboriginal Temporality and the British Invasion of Australia N1 - 10.1177/0961463X96005002004 KW - Australia cultural variants of time Changing perceptions of time linear time inclusion/exclusion Coevalness capitalism Critical temporalities Counter modernity time use Continuity over time labour time Counter traditions Relevance: 2 Standardisation indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Asynchrony western imperialism history history of changing perceptions of time N2 - Many of the best studies of time have been concerned with the transitions from one temporal order to another, and in particular the origins and the pervasive global impact of metric time. This focus risks attributing a facticity and durability to capitalist time at the expense of other temporalities. This study counterbalances this problem by exploring the time use and `Dreamtime' of Australian Aborigines, from pre-history, through the British invasion to the present day. Despite the massive disruptions in temporal order, significant continuities are revealed. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/5/2/187.abstract ID - 866 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Donham, Donald L. PY - 2001 TI - Thinking Temporally or Modernizing Anthropology SP - 134-149 JF - American Anthropologist VL - 103 IS - 1 SN - 00027294 N1 - Thinking Temporally or Modernizing Anthropology KW - Anthropology History methodology Christianity Africa non-linear time Postcolonialism agency narrative multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 time as missing element critique of discipline colonialism homogenising present historical time critical temporalities capitalism N2 - Recent changes within social and cultural anthropology have made history a key issue, but in this essay I argue that the field has yet to develop the resources that are required to deal with temporality. This point is made through an extended examination of Jean and John Comaroff's work on Christianity and colonialism in southern Africa. Arguably, the Comaroffs read history backward and then present its unfolding as a kind of inexorable logic. In doing so, they homogenize missionary and Tswana "cultures" and attribute agency to abstractions rather than to people acting in particular material contexts. In contrast, I argue for a narrative approach to historical anthropological explanation. The emergent qualities of events - and the variable ways in which capitalism, hegemony, Protestantism, and vernacular modernisms relate - require narrative for explanation, narrative that encompasses within itself the narratives of social actors themselves. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/683926 ID - 261 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Doob, Leonard W. PY - 1971 BT - Patterning of Time CY - New Haven, Conn PB - Yale University Press N1 - Patterning of Time KW - Perception of time time discipline psychology biology social time chronobiology experiential time Work time aging affect health social change planning Relevance: 3 changing perceptions of time children/youth N2 - Discusses temporal systems and requirements in different societies, time theory in psychophysics and experimental psychology, the biochemical clock, and temporal sense development in children. The influence of emotional states, drugs, dreams, hypnosis, mental disorders, aging, communication, groups, work, planning, and social change on the perception of time is considered. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=9qNWAAAAYAAJ ID - 696 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Doubleday, Simon PY - 2001 TI - Communities of imagination: Transcending space, time and nationalism in England, Spain and the New America SP - 517-530 JF - Bulletin of Hispanic Studies VL - 78 IS - 4 SN - 1475-3839 N1 - Communities of imagination: Transcending space, time and nationalism in England, Spain and the New America N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - nationalism imagined futures national time England U.K. Spain Europe USA Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 60 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Dover, Robert V H AU - Seibold, Katharine E AU - McDowell, John Holmes PY - 1992 TI - Andean cosmologies through time : persistence and emergence CY - Bloomington PB - Indiana University Press N1 - Andean cosmologies through time : persistence and emergence KW - Peru Latin America change over time Continuity over time Coevalness Multiple temporalities Relevance: 1 conceptions of time identity time as symbolic resource indigenous peoples N2 - Concerned with Andean cosmology both as the manifestation of a system of belief and as a way of thinking or worldview that orders the social environment, this volume advances an explanation of why Andean Indigenous communities are still recognizably Andean after a half millennium of forced exposure to Western systems of thought and belief. Examining cultural authenticity in an Andean context, the authors describe a process facilitated by a cosmology which readily integrates the accouterments of non-Andean and other Andean influences in a given Andean community. At issue is not so much what is authentic but how it is perceived to be authentic and how it is so maintained. The nine authors explore a model in which a consistent and persistent cosmological discourse leads not to an emergent social order but to a social order which continually emerges as a peculiarly Andean phenomenon. This volume describes a set of mechanisms which together comprise a uniquely Andean perspective through which given communities perceive themselves or are perceived through time to be Andean. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=V9kXAAAAYAAJ ID - 715 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dowling, Melissa Barden PY - 2003 TI - A Time to Regender:The Transformation of Roman Time SP - 169-183 JF - KronoScope VL - 3 IS - 2 N1 - A Time to Regender:The Transformation of Roman Time M3 - 10.1163/156852403322849224 KW - history Religion time as tool for political legitimation Multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 gender women's time eternity sacred time national time political time time as symbolic resource Christianity Monuments N2 - At the end of the first century A.D., at the height of the Roman empire, a new abstract deity of eternal time, Aeternitas, appeared. This first discrete personification of abstract time was initially a female image represented on official coins and monuments, but in A.D. 121, a new male personification of eternal time appeared in imperial, state sponsored art. Both male and female depictions of eternal time were accompanied by a rich array of attributes that connected eternity, immortality, and earthly prosperity. This change in the image of time occurred simultaneously with tremendous changes in Roman culture: the creation of universal time keeping, the creation of elaborate beliefs in the afterlife, and transformations in Romans' expectations of life, lead to the embodiment of an ideal of eternity in the personification Aeternitas, and explain the radical transformations in her/his iconography. It is through a study of the representation of time that we identify a profound reenvisioning of the nature of time in Western thought, when human temporal and metaphysical experiences of time were expanded, laying the foundation for the successful spread of the Christian conceptions of eternal blissful time after the apocalypse. UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/kro/2003/00000003/00000002/art00004 ID - 405 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dramaliev, Lubomir AU - Dramaliev, Lubomir PY - 1982 TI - Ideology Within the Time-Space Dimensions of Social Consciousness SP - 24-48 JF - Diogenes VL - 30 IS - 119 N1 - Ideology Within the Time-Space Dimensions of Social Consciousness N1 - 10.1177/039219218203011902 KW - Philosophy time and space social structure conceptions of time Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: The forms of social consciousness have a rich, versatile and highly functionally structuralised content. they are such sub-systems of social consciousness which take shape on the basis of what is common in the reflected object of reality, given the respective specialised methods and means of reflection, subordinated to a definite social function characterising the specific role played by each individual form. We accept as a preliminary basis the established seven forms: political consciousness, law and legal consciousness, moral consciousness, artistic consciousness, religious consciousness, scientific consciousness and philosophical consciousness... in their real unity all these subsystems of the social consciousness - group types, forms and spheres - represent the foundation, the territory, 'the atmosphere' - in one word 'the space' by which and in which society lives its spiritual life in general and ideology performs its social function in particular. UR - http://dio.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/30/119/24 ID - 774 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Drichel, Simone PY - 2008 TI - The Time of Hybridity SP - 587-615 JF - Philosophy and Social Criticism VL - 34 IS - 6 SN - 0191-4537 N1 - The Time of Hybridity M3 - 10.1177/0191453708090330 KW - Hybrid identity politics New Zealand Political theory Postcolonialism Bhabha ethics Relevance: 2 cultural studies time as missing element political time philosophy Levinas N2 - Homi Bhabha's idea of hybridity is one of postcolonialism's most keenly debated -- and most widely misunderstood -- concepts. My article provides some elucidation in the increasingly reductive debates over hybridity in postcolonial studies, suggesting that what is commonly overlooked in these debates is hybridity's complex relationship to temporality. I suggest that this relationship is not given the credit it deserves often enough, resulting in skewed discussions of hybridity as simply (and mistakenly) another form of syncretism. In focusing on the 'time of hybridity' in the context of a bicultural politics in Aotearoa/New Zealand, I draw renewed attention to hybridity's investment in temporality as that which both enables a postcolonial politics and shifts these politics into the realm of (Levinasian) ethics, creating an as yet largely unexplored phenomenon which Leela Gandhi has referred to, in a fortuitous phrase, as an 'ethics of hybridity'. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/content/34/6/587.short ID - 319 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Dussel, Enrique PY - 2009 TI - A new age in the history of philosophy: The world dialogue between philosophical traditions SP - 499-516 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 35 IS - 5 N1 - A new age in the history of philosophy: The world dialogue between philosophical traditions N1 - 10.1177/0191453709103424 KW - Philosophy Method: comparative analysis in/commensurability between times cultural variants of time myth narrative Urban communities time as all encompassing Commemorative events Postcolonialism historical time Relevance: 3 history N2 - This article argues the following points. (1) It is necessary to affirm that all of humanity has always sought to address certain `core universal problems' that are present in all cultures. (2) The rational responses to these `core problems' first acquire the shape of mythical narratives. (3) The formulation of categorical philosophical discourses is a subsequent development in human rationality, which does not, however, negate all mythical narratives. These discourses arose in all the great urban neolithic cultures (even if only in initial form). (4) Modern European philosophy confused its economic, political and cultural domination, and the resulting crises in other philosophical traditions, with a Eurocentric universality claim, which must be questioned. (5) In any case there are formal universal aspects in which all regional philosophies can coincide, and which respond to the `core problems' at an abstract level. (6) All of this impels entry into a new age of inter-philosophical dialogue, respectful of differences and open to learning from the useful discoveries of other traditions. (7) A new philosophical project must be developed that is capable of going beyond Eurocentric philosophical modernity, by shaping a global trans-modern pluriverse, drawing upon the `discarded' (by modernity) own resources of peripheral, subaltern, postcolonial philosophies. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/content/35/5/499.abstract ID - 930 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Edelman, Lee PY - 2004 BT - No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive CY - Durham, NC PB - Duke University Press N1 - No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive KW - Queer temporalities queer theory Historical time history Reproductive time The future futurity inclusion/exclusion Critical temporalities Psychoanalysis literary theory Cinema generations Relevance: 2 Absence of future children/youth time as symbolic resource literature N2 - In this searing polemic, Lee Edelman outlines a radically uncompromising new ethics of queer theory. His main target is the all-pervasive figure of the child, which he reads as the linchpin of our universal politics of “reproductive futurism.” Edelman argues that the child, understood as innocence in need of protection, represents the possibility of the future against which the queer is positioned as the embodiment of a relentlessly narcissistic, antisocial, and future-negating drive. He boldly insists that the efficacy of queerness lies in its very willingness to embrace this refusal of the social and political order. In No Future, Edelman urges queers to abandon the stance of accommodation and accede to their status as figures for the force of a negativity that he links with irony, jouissance, and, ultimately, the death drive itself. Closely engaging with literary texts, Edelman makes a compelling case for imagining Scrooge without Tiny Tim and Silas Marner without little Eppie. Looking to Alfred Hitchcock’s films, he embraces two of the director’s most notorious creations: the sadistic Leonard of North by Northwest, who steps on the hand that holds the couple precariously above the abyss, and the terrifying title figures of The Birds, with their predilection for children. Edelman enlarges the reach of contemporary psychoanalytic theory as he brings it to bear not only on works of literature and film but also on such current political flashpoints as gay marriage and gay parenting. Throwing down the theoretical gauntlet, No Future reimagines queerness with a passion certain to spark an equally impassioned debate among its readers. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=iyASkmEmDrUC ID - 568 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Edensor, Tim PY - 2006 TI - Reconsidering National Temporalities: institutional times, everyday routines, serial spaces and synchronicities SP - 525-545 JF - European Journal of Social Theory VL - 9 IS - 4 N1 - Reconsidering National Temporalities: institutional times, everyday routines, serial spaces and synchronicities N1 - 10.1177/1368431006071996 KW - social theory nationalism national time organisational temporalities routines temporal ordering synchronicity Repetition habits non-linear time Tradition narrative Critical temporalities Belonging Scheduling shared present Cyclical time globalisation identity Relevance: 2 assumptions about time obscuring x global present N2 - This article attempts to foreground the importance of everyday life and habit to the reproduction of national identities. Taking issue with dominant linear depictions of the time of the nation, which have over-emphasized ‘official’ histories, tradition and heroic narratives, this article foregrounds the everyday rhythms through which a sense of national belonging is sustained. The article focuses upon institutionalized schedules, habitual routines, collective synchronicities and serialized time-spaces to develop an argument that quotidian, cyclical time is integral to national identity. In conclusion, accounts that discuss the increasing dominance of a postmodern global time are argued to be hyperbolic, since the nation remains a powerful, if more flexible constituent of identity. UR - http://est.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/4/525 ID - 611 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eder, Klaus PY - 2004 TI - The Two Faces of Europeanization: Synchronizing a Europe Moving at Varying Speeds SP - 89-107 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 1 N1 - The Two Faces of Europeanization: Synchronizing a Europe Moving at Varying Speeds N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04040748 KW - Synchronicity multiple temporalities temporal conflict Europe social time organisational temporalities Shared present time as symbolic resource time as tool for political legitimation Standardisation Acceleration of time Relevance: 2 Asynchrony Social coordination N2 - Non-synchronous events are constitutive for the social. Every society has to institutionalize synchronicity over time to make a social order of the present possible. A social world of discontinuity (i.e. a non-synchronized world) is amended by a semantics of simultaneity (i.e. a synchronized world) which makes the non-synchronous appear as synchronous. From this follows that synchronicity is a necessary illusion. Cultures of synchronicity are powerful symbolic representations. The case of the New Europe is a particularly striking case. It synchronizes by standardization and by the timing of standardization which generates non-synchronicity at increasing speed. This is called the first face of Europeanization. The New Europe has to legitimate its non-synchronicity and make it appear as synchronicity. This is called the second face of Europeanization. Thus a culture emerges in which non-synchronicity and synchronicity are constructed simultaneously. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/13/1/89.abstract ID - 903 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Edidin, Ben M. PY - 1946 TI - Released Time in the Jewish Community SP - 16-19 JF - Religious Education VL - 41 SN - 0034-4087 N1 - Released Time in the Jewish Community N1 - Periodicals Archive Online KW - time allocation time use education religion USA national time inclusion/exclusion Judaism Relevance: 2 families N2 - discusses why Jewish families did not make use of 'released time' for religious instruction, particularly in contrast to Catholic and Anglican families. Issues of state/religious divide discussed. UR - http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:3226-1946-041-00-000046 ID - 102 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Edmondson, R. PY - 2000 TI - Rural Temporal Practices: Future time in Connemara SP - 269-288 N1 - Jun-Sep JF - Time & Society VL - 9 IS - 2-3 SN - 0961-463X N1 - Rural Temporal Practices: Future time in Connemara AN - ISI:000089413700007 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Ireland Europe futurity rural communities multiple temporalities sociology Anthropology shared future Shared past future orientation Rhythms action relevance: 1 N2 - This article argues that, in contrast to common expectations about traditional societies, social practices in the rural West of Ireland cluster round a 'communal time' oriented to the future, not the past. The article distinguishes between several 'time-complexes' and 'time-regimes' observed here; the significance of the future-orientation of the traditional regime is underlined by its connections with an implicit philosophical anthropology. Here, decisions and intentions have distinct tempos, structures and implications for interaction, contributing to an indigenous social order which both contrasts with and casts light on those in 'core' European cultures. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/9/2-3/269.short ID - 52 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Effie, Rentzou PY - 2008 TI - Stranger in the City: Self and Urban Space in the Work of Nicolas Calas SP - 283-309 JF - Journal of Modern Greek Studies VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 1086-3265 N1 - Stranger in the City: Self and Urban Space in the Work of Nicolas Calas N1 - Project Muse KW - Greece urban communities identity nationalism Anderson Synchronicity Migration cities imagined futures time and space literature modernity USA Communication relevance: 2 Geography N2 - Not available - intro instead: Those concerned with national identity construe self-perception in relation to an “imagined community” interacting with an (imagined) national geoinlineal space. In the case of migrant intellectuals, however, self-perception may be determined by a space that is imagined, but does not necessarily coincide with the geography of the nation. Cities as modern, transnational spaces within national territories become during the twentieth century the home of many who, propelled by their own desire or by history, migrate from one place to the other. The modern metropolis is often the real and imagined space that forms the relation between self and community. As Raymond Williams remarks “[i]t is a [End Page 283] very striking feature of many Modernist and avant-garde movements that they were not only located in the great metropolitan centers but that so many of their members were immigrants into these centers, where in some new ways all were strangers” (1989:77). Cities are also the place in which intellectual activity and artistic experimentation reach their height, providing the context for new types of encounter. James Clifford, reflecting precisely on this aspect of cities, points out that the surrealist Paris of the 1920s and the 1930s could be “rewritten” as a place of transient encounters and that cities “could be understood as specific, powerful sites of dwelling/traveling” (1997:30). The symbiotic relationship between the modernist and avant-garde aesthetic and the urban environment magnifies the general metropolitan consciousness that emerged with modernity.2 Writing in, for, and about the city was a common practice for modernists and avant-garde writers alike; it was also a kind of rewriting of the self in relation to a specific space.3 Placing Nicolas Calas (1907–1988) against this background provides an illuminating way to understand the poet, whose identity was largely formed by cities. His writings illustrate the important movement from the national to the urban as the frame that determines his migrant identity. I follow Calas’s perception of Athens and New York, the two cities essential to his life and work that punctuate his writings and, in direct or oblique ways, mirror each other in a game that is played out in two languages, Greek and English, and unfolds in poems and theoretical and critical texts.4 His changing representations of himself reflect changes in the urban experience as it was lived by an intellectual who can be said to represent a generation that underwent migrations and experienced the turmoil of making the modern city its home. With each relocation, Calas reconfigures himself through his perception of each (imagined) city. This two-part relationship—imaginary of the city and perception of the self—are illustrated by Calas’s representations of three landmarks, two from Athens and one from New York: Omonia Square, the Acropolis, and Radio City. Through these landmarks, Calas’s perception of spatiality and temporality in the two cities is considered in ways that demonstrate how these conceptualizations of time and space affected his perception of the self. Finally, this changing self-representation is discussed in relation to some of the personae that Calas adopts. Figures of strangers and strange figures that appear throughout his work will help us problematize the type of identity that emerges from the urban consciousness. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_modern_greek_studies/v026/26.2.rentzou.html ID - 90 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eisenlohr, Patrick PY - 2004 TI - Temporalities of Community: Ancestral Language, Pilgrimage, and Diasporic Belonging in Mauritius SP - 81-98 JF - Journal of Linguistic Anthropology VL - 14 IS - 1 N1 - Temporalities of Community: Ancestral Language, Pilgrimage, and Diasporic Belonging in Mauritius M3 - 10.1525/jlin.2004.14.1.81 KW - Mauritius Multiple temporalities Diaspora Migration language Hinduism Anthropology linguistics Geography Relevance: 1 Collective memory Sacred time Asian Philosphy Belonging N2 - Temporal indexicality is deeply involved in the production of imagined communities. This article shows how the cultivation of Hindi as an “ancestral language” among Hindus in Mauritius mediates between two different modes of temporality while shaping diasporic identities. Diasporic ideologies of ancestral language are further shown to articulate with the creation of sacred geographies in the context of an annual Hindu pilgrimage. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/jlin.2004.14.1.81/abstract ID - 407 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Eisenlohr, Patrick PY - 2006 BT - Little India: diaspora, time, and ethnolinguistic belonging in Hindu Mauritius CY - Berkley and Los Angeles, California PB - University of California Press N1 - Little India: diaspora, time, and ethnolinguistic belonging in Hindu Mauritius SN - 9780520248809 KW - method: ethnography Anthropology language Diaspora shared past Religion history nationalism ethnicity Relevance: 2 Belonging communication language Migration home Hinduism Mauritius N2 - From the back cover: Little India is a rich historical and ethnographic examination of a fascinating example of linguistic plurality on the island of Mauritius, where more than two-thirds of the population is of Indian ancestry. Patrick Eisenlohr's groundbreaking study focuses on the formation of diaspora as mediated through the cultural phenomenon of Indian ancestral languages--principally Hindi, which is used primarily in religious contexts. Eisenlohr emphasizes the variety of cultural practices that construct and transform boundaries in communities in diaspora and illustrates different modes of experiencing the temporal relationships between diaspora and homeland. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=QFzcGV9FlxgC ID - 243 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elchardus, Mark AU - Smits, Wendy PY - 2006 TI - The Persistence of the Standardized Life Cycle SP - 303-326 JF - Time & Society VL - 15 IS - 2-3 N1 - The Persistence of the Standardized Life Cycle N1 - 10.1177/0961463X06066944 KW - Standardisation life course Cyclical time sequence temporal boundaries normativity inclusion/exclusion temporal inequality Method: surveys Relevance: 2 timing continuity over time Belgium europe N2 - This article investigates to what degree the standardized life cycle has been replaced by an individualized life course, characterized by the absence of a strict sequence and timing of life's transitions. In order to measure the normative position of people, rather than the external conditions to which they are subject, the test is based on the ideal life course or life cycle as described by a purely random sample of 4666 inhabitants of Belgium, aged 18 to 36. The available evidence overwhelmingly points towards the persistence of a standardized ideal life cycle, characterized by a strict sequence and timing of the important transitions. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/15/2-3/303.abstract ID - 909 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elder Jr, Glen H. PY - 1994 TI - Time, Human Agency, and Social Change: Perspectives on the Life Course SP - 4-15 JF - Social Psychology Quarterly VL - 57 IS - 1 SN - 01902725 N1 - Time, Human Agency, and Social Change: Perspectives on the Life Course KW - Agency social Change psychology Sociology life course Generations aging Relevance: 2 N2 - The life course has emerged over the past 30 years as a major research paradigm. Distinctive themes include the relation between human lives and a changing society, the timing of lives, linked or interdependent lives, and human agency. Two lines of research converged in the formation of this paradigm during the 1960s; one was associated with an older "social relationship" tradition that featured intergenerational studies, and the other with more contemporary thinking about age. The emergence of a life course paradigm has been coupled with a notable decline in socialization as a research framework and with its incorporation by other theories. Also, the field has seen an expanding interest in how social change alters people's lives, an enduring perspective of sociological social psychology. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2786971 ID - 705 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Elias, Norbert PY - 1998 BT - On Civilization, Power, and Knowledge: Selected Writings CT - Time and Timing CY - Chicago and London PB - University of Chicago Press SP - 253-268 N1 - Time and Timing KW - sociology methodology Relevance: 2 social time Timing etiquette art Middle Ages Norbert Elias N2 - not available: from back of the book: Nobert Elias (1897-1990) is among the great sociologists of the twentieth century. Born in Germany, Elias earned a doctorate in philosophy and then turned to sociology, working with Max Weber's younger brother, Alfred Weber, and with Karl Mannheim. He later fled the Nazi regime in 1935 and spent most of his life in Britain. He is best known for his book, The Civilizing Process, wherein he traces the subtle changes in manners among the European upper classes since the Middle Ages, and shows how those seemingly innocuous changes in etiquette reflected profound transformations of power relations in society. He later applied these insights to a wide range of subjects, from art and culture to the control of violence, the sociology of sports, the development of knowledge and the sciences, and the methodology of sociology. This volume is a carefully chosen collection of Elias's most important writings and includes many of his most brilliant ideas. The development of Elias's thinking during the course of his long career is traced along with a discussion of how his work relates to other major sociologists and how the various selections are interconnected. The result is a consistent and stimulating look at one of sociology's founding thinkers. UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Norbert_Elias_on_civilization_power_and.html?id=YM9_j68A_2cC ID - 408 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elliott, Brian PY - 2011 TI - Community and resistance in Heidegger, Nancy and Agamben SP - 259-271 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 37 IS - 3 N1 - Community and resistance in Heidegger, Nancy and Agamben N1 - 10.1177/0191453710389436 KW - Philosophy Continental Philosophy heidegger Jean-Luc Nancy Agamben non-homogeneous community Agency history Collective memory Shared past future futurity Critical temporalities Relevance: 3 passivity politics N2 - Over the last two decades the work of Jean-Luc Nancy and Giorgio Agamben has attracted widespread attention both within philosophy and more broadly across the human sciences. Central to the thinking of Nancy and Agamben is a shared theory of community that offers a model of resistance to oppressive power through radical passivity. This article argues that this model inherits the inadequacies of Martin Heidegger’s attempts to conceptualize society and history. More specifically, Heidegger’s understanding of collective history in terms of ‘destiny’ implicitly regulates the figure of community proposed by Nancy and Agamben. This alignment with the Heideggerian notion of destiny means that these later thinkers fail to offer a credible model of resistance in terms of concretely determined means of productive counter-practices. As a consequence the usefulness of the thinking of Nancy and Agamben as a conceptual framework for emancipatory politics is at best extremely limited. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/content/37/3/259.abstract ID - 923 ER - TY - THES AU - Elliott, Jane PY - 2004 TI - Politics out of time: Feminism, futurity and the end of history CY - New Brunswick PB - Rutgers, English M1 - PhD N1 - Politics out of time: Feminism, futurity and the end of history KW - feminist theory; literature; literary theory; Political theory; political time; futurity; Static time; history; narrative; modernity; Relevance: 2; women's time; gender; time as symbolic resource; historical time; political time; homogenising present; Democratic present; epistemology; politics; feminism N2 - This disseration explores the ways in which 1970s popular feminist narrative worked to offer temporal solutions to the political dilemmas posed by what has been called the 'end of history'. I argue that second wave feminism's inception in the late 1960s conincided wiht the demise of modern historical time associated with postmodernity. Analyzing historical narratives of the 1960s, theories of political time, and 1970s popular feminist novels, I suggest that second wave feminism was positioned in the western imagination as simultaneously a cause of and a cure for the demise of modern time. I read white women's libearation discourse as a symptom of the widespread needs its stories met, arguing that central among these was the need to supercede a perceived breakdown in political time and generate new access to positive futurity. I coin the phrase 'static time' to describe this temporal breakdown, which I argue entrail an overriding sense of simultaneous temporal and epistemological closure.... UR - not available - UMI Number: 3153564 ID - 409 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Elliott, Jane PY - 2008 BT - Popular Feminist Fiction as American Allegory: Representing National Time CY - Basingstoke PB - Palgrave N1 - Popular Feminist Fiction as American Allegory: Representing National Time KW - USA narrative feminism futurity future Literary theory literature postmodernism gender Relevance: 2 national time feminist theory time as symbolic resource political time Absence of future Trauma N2 - Offering a strikingly original treatment of feminist literature, Popular Feminist Fiction as American Allegory argues that feminist novels served as a means of narrating and negotiating the perceived decline of American progress after the 1960s. Elliott analyzes popular tropes ranging from the white middle class housewife trapped in endless domestic labor to the woman of color haunted by a traumatic past--exploring the way in which feminist narratives represented women as unable to access positive futures. In a powerful new reading of temporality in contemporary fiction, Elliott posits that feminism’s image of women trapped in time operated as a potent allegory for the apparent breakdown of futurity in postmodernity. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=enYfAQAAIAAJ ID - 219 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Elliott, Jane PY - 2008 TI - Stepford U.S.A.: Second-Wave Feminism, Domestic Labor, and the Representation of National Time SP - 32-62 JF - Cultural Critique IS - 70 SN - 08824371 N1 - Stepford U.S.A.: Second-Wave Feminism, Domestic Labor, and the Representation of National Time KW - feminism; Generations; labour time; home; nationalism; national time; reproductive time; temporal boundaries; Critical temporalities; inclusion/exclusion; literary theory; futurity; literature; Assumptions about time obscuring x; Gender; political time; Activism; Counter traditions; Progress; Teleology; historical time; imagined futures; USA; Repetition Relevance: 2; temporality of academic work; Beauvoir; care work; history; Urban communities; politics N2 - not available - from the text: Significant critical attention was expended on the connection between feminism and time in the late 1990s and first years of the twenty-first century. Various essays investigated the uneasy relationship between different feminist generations, the dangers inherent in using reproductive metaphors to signal the persistence (or lack thereof) of feminism across time, and the implications of describing contemporary feminism through an apocalyptic image of violent closure.1 With very few exceptions, this criticism pinpointed the temporal tropes at work in contemporary feminist discourse in an attempt to generate new ways to approach the current state of academic feminism.2 This joint focus on both the contemporary moment and academic feminism made perfect sense, given the steady eradication of popular feminism as anything other than the absent cause of a backlash that now seems perpetual. Devoid of any feeling of feminist propulsion, the present appeared as a crisis situation, requiring an immediate intervention by academic feminism—that is, by the only feminism that seems to be left to intervene...In contrast, this essay argues that the current state of feminism, and by extension our current dilemmas, owes much to the role popular feminism played when it thrived, a role that I will argue had everything to do with the popular feminist temporalities evolved in the 1970s. In order to map these temporalities, I return to an iconic popular feminist text of the decade, The Stepford Wives, as represented by Ira Levin's 1972 novel and the 1975 film...As I will argue in detail below, this popular version of feminist politics centers on the temporalized dilemmas of the white, middle-class suburban housewife. 5 In particular, The Stepford Wives offers visions of housewifery reminiscent of the critiques offered a decade earlier in bestsellers by Simone de Beauvoir and Betty Friedan, in which housewives are seen as trapped in a nightmarish life of pointless repetition. ...Yet if 1970s activist feminism was never as limited to white, middle-class women as some accounts assume, it becomes all the more imperative to consider how and why the vision of feminism offered by such texts as The Stepford Wives came to substitute for this more complex history in the popular imagination. In particular, I will argue that the prominence of this strain of popular feminism must be understood not only in terms of the often painful failures of feminist politics but also in terms of the purposes this discourse served, the overarching ideological needs that it filled in mainstream American culture, some of which were only peripherally connected to gender politics....The most crucial of these needs, I will argue, arose from the post 1960s weakening of narratives of inevitable national progress and the associated perception of a temporal dead end often referred to as "the end of history." Feminism's relationship with teleological, progressive historical time has been a topic of frequent debate since the 1970s.9 However, even those who warn against feminism's affiliation with this vision of historical time often assume that this temporal mode is there for the taking, persisting as a kind of siren song for a post-structuralist feminism determined to resist teleology's seductions.... In the discussion that follows, I suggest that this concurrence is crucial to understanding the relationship between feminism and time that so much recent work has sought to define. I argue in particular that one of the central powers of popular feminist discourse was its ability to offer the American national imagination a flexible yet ideologically charged vocabulary for allegorizing both the apparent loss of historical progress and the possibility of its retrieval....However,when feminist progress is used as evidence that the West is more advanced than other parts of the globe, we glimpse the way in which feminism can take on symbolic freight within the West as well, becoming entangled with internal narratives regarding national development or the lack thereof. When the possibility and desirability of feminist transformation became a subject of intense interest in late-twentieth-century American popular culture, feminist discourse became increasingly available as an arena for negotiating such questions about national transformation. In particular, I will suggest that, much as the heroine's trajectory to marriage provided a means to explore the changing class structure of England in eighteenth-century and nineteenth-century courtship novels, mainstream feminism's fixation on the housewife's Sisyphean labors offered a means of narrating the perceived breakdown of American progress after the 1960s.12 In offering this reading, I will ask not what historical time can (or cannot) do for feminism, but rather what feminism has done for historical time. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/25475486 ID - 596 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Emerson, B. C. AU - Gillespie, R. G. PY - 2008 TI - Phylogenetic analysis of community assembly and structure over space and time SP - 619-630 JF - Trends in Ecology & Evolution VL - 23 IS - 11 SN - 0169-5347 N1 - Phylogenetic analysis of community assembly and structure over space and time AN - WOS:000261130300006 M3 - 10.1016/j.tree.2008.07.005 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - ecological communities biology evolution Method: dynamic rather than static ecology change over time Relevance: 3 N2 - Evolutionary ecologists are increasingly combining phylogenetic data with distributional and ecological data to assess how and why communities of species differ from random expectations for evolutionary and ecological relatedness. Of particular interest have been the roles of environmental filtering and competitive interactions, or alternatively neutral effects, in dictating community composition. Our goal is to place current research within a dynamic framework, specifically using recent phylogenetic studies from insular environments to provide an explicit spatial and temporal context. We compare communities over a range of evolutionary, ecological and geographic scales that differ in the extent to which speciation and adaptation contribute to community assembly and structure. This perspective allows insights into the processes that can generate community structure, as well as the evolutionary dynamics of community assembly. UR - http://www.cell.com/trends/ecology-evolution/abstract/S0169-5347%2808%2900271-1 ID - 14 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Emirbayer, Mustafa AU - Mische, Ann PY - 1998 TI - What Is Agency? SP - 962-1023 JF - The American Journal of Sociology VL - 103 IS - 4 N1 - What Is Agency? KW - Agency Sociology social Change methodology habits time as horizon imagined futures present Relevance: 3 N2 - This article aims (1) to analytically disaggregate agency into its several component elements (though these are interrelated empirically), (2) to demonstrate the ways in which these agentic dimensions interpenetrate with forms of structure, and (3) to point out the implications of such a conception of agency for empirical research. The authors conceptualize agency as a temporally embedded process of social engagement, informed by the past (in its "iterational" or habit- ual aspect) but also oriented toward the future (as a "projective" capacity to imagine alternative possibilities) and toward the present (as a "practical-evaluative" capacity to contextualize past habits and future projects within the contingencies of the moment). UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2782934 ID - 551 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Engel, D. M. PY - 1987 TI - Law, Time and Community SP - 605-637 JF - Law & Society Review VL - 21 IS - 4 SN - 0023-9216 N1 - Law, Time and Community AN - WOS:A1987K795300004 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Law Social time Rural communities temporal conflict Change over time Social Change multiple temporalities Relevance: 1 time as missing element critique of discipline USA Repetition linear time cyclical time time as symbolic resource social conflict conceptions of time changing perceptions of time expectation values N2 - Research concerning law and social change has almost always treated time as a universal constant and a baseline against which variations in behavior can be measured. Yet a significant literature exists demonstrating that researchers can also regard time as a socially constructed phenomenon requiring analytic interpretation in its own right. This article explores two aspects of the human experience of time that were especially important for the residents of a rural American community: the sense of time's iterative character and its linear or irreversible quality. These two ways of experiencing and conceptualizing time played a significant part in efforts by residents of Sander County, Illinois, to define their community and interpret the social, cultural, and economic transformations it was undergoing. They were also important in the residents' efforts to frame and define conflict within the community and to determine when law should or should not be invoked. The article examines some ways in which the analysis of varying conceptions of time within a community can enhance understanding of expectations, perceptions, and values concerning law in a changing society. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3053598 ID - 39 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Engelhardt Jr, H Tristram PY - 1976 BT - Lifeboat ethics: the moral dilemmas of world hunger ED - Lucas, G.R. ED - Ogletree, T.W. CT - Individuals and Communities, Present and Future: Towards a Morality in a Time of Famine CY - New York PB - Harper and Row SP - 70-83 N1 - Individuals and Communities, Present and Future: Towards a Morality in a Time of Famine KW - communities in crisis ethics temporally extended responsibilities Relevance: unknown Morality N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 851 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Escobedo, Andrew PY - 1997 TI - The book of martyrs: Apocalyptic time in the narrative of the nation SP - 1-17 JF - Prose Studies: History, Theory, Criticism VL - 20 IS - 2 SN - 0144-0357 N1 - The book of martyrs: Apocalyptic time in the narrative of the nation KW - literary theory historical time narrative apocalypse temporal boundaries social change nationalism history Religion Agency temporal conflict national time imagined futures futurity fate Relevance: 2 absence of future rhetoric N2 - not available - from the text: While these scholars are certainly right to reject Haller's elect nation thesis, their conclusions cause them to underestimate the genuine strain of nationalism in the Book of Martyrs.." Not only does Foxe often intermix deeply nationalist sentiments within his international conception of Protestantism, but he even occasionally links this nationalism to the theme of the Apocalypse in his book. However - and this is why we cannot simply return to the elect nation thesis - he never makes this link in an unqualified manner. Consider the following passage: "There hath been no region or country more fertile or fruitful for martyrs, than our own region of England" (3.581). This is a suggestive statement of England's privileged role, for which Foxe goes on to offer two interpretations: "Whether it happeneth or cometh by the singular gift or privilege of God's divine grace, or else through the barbarous and foolish cruelty of such as at that time ruled and governed the church, is uncertain."12 While Foxe here does not finally identify England's history with divine privilege, the passage is ambivalent about England's status. The first possibility Foxe offers ("privilege of God's divine grace") undeniably has shades of Haller's elect nation thesis. But Foxe refuses to ignore the second possibility of random, fallible, human agency: "foolish cruelty." England's relation to the apocalyptic true church is strikingly ambiguous in this passage: England teeters between having a genuinely privileged role and being a worse-than-usual example of worldly corruption. Just as we saw John Aylmer do, Foxe gestures at conferring an elect status on England, but then stops short of actually doing so. This ambivalent rhetoric, I wish to argue, reflects a contradictory, even paradoxical relation between nationhood and the Apocalypse during the early Elizabethan period. On the one hand, historical circumstances profoundly connected the two discourses in the minds of early Elizabethans: the recent success of institutional Protestantism (a Reformed Queen) was a victory for both the apocalyptic true church and the English nation. On the other hand, a formidable logical incompatibility imposed itself: nationalism assumed an earthly future, while Tudor apocalyptic doctrine assumed an imminent end to earthly existence...Foxe thus found himself in a difficult discursive position: he was unwilling to separate entirely his nation's future from the apocalyptic future, but he was unable to bring them together as one. He could not resolve this tension in doctrine: as we have observed, the millennialist nationalism that seventeenth-century divines appealed to was not available to Foxe in the 1560s. In the next two parts of this essay I will consider how Foxe uses the form of narrative itself to negotiate the competing claims of a national and an apocalyptic future. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/01440359708586611 ID - 645 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ester, Peter AU - Vinken, Henk AU - Diepstraten, Isabelle PY - 2002 TI - Reminiscences of an Extreme Century: Intergenerational Differences in Time Heuristics: Dutch People's Collective Memories of the 20th Century SP - 39-66 JF - Time & Society VL - 11 IS - 1 N1 - Reminiscences of an Extreme Century: Intergenerational Differences in Time Heuristics: Dutch People's Collective Memories of the 20th Century N1 - 10.1177/0961463X02011001003 KW - Collective memory europe The Netherlands generations Memory time as symbolic temporal boundaries Sociology method: surveys events history Relevance: 2 N2 - The new millennium has inspired social observers to contemplate the events that shaped the 20th century. Little is known about how the general public and generations within it interpret the landmark events of this century. If generation theory is correct one may hypothesize that different generations remember and interpret distinct events. Generations share different collective memories and, consequently, intergenerational differences are expected in the time heuristics that generations apply. This hypothesis is tested with the Dutch CentERdata Millennium Survey (N = 1391). It is observed that though generations recall similar events, they interpret these events in distinct ways, based on their formative experiences. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/11/1/39.abstract ID - 889 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Evans, Terry PY - 1989 TI - Taking place: the social construction of place, time and space, and the (re)making of distances in distance education SP - 170-183 JF - Distance Education VL - 10 IS - 2 SN - 0158-7919 N1 - Taking place: the social construction of place, time and space, and the (re)making of distances in distance education KW - social time time and space Place education Sociology Geography history time as symbolic identity inclusion/exclusion organisational temporalities Communication Relevance: 3 N2 - This paper endeavours to link the notions of distance and place to distance education, using social scientific theories of distance. A selection of the work of geographers, historians and sociologists concerning theories of distance and place are related critically to the administration, management and practices of distance education. Distance and place are presented as a concept which individuals construct for themselves in relation to the broader social contexts of their lives. The relationships between students and their distance education institutions represent encounters between a variety of distance relations which are rarely considered by distance educationists. It is argued that distance education institutions play a part in ‘choreographing’ the existences of their students. In effect, a series of movements in time-space are choreographed in order for people to be ‘distance students’. Such a choreography is founded on unstated assumptions about place and distance and is constructed through the bureaucracies and processes of distance education, particularly through the use of non-dialogic forms of communications. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/0158791890100203 ID - 662 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Eze, Emmanuel Chukuwudi PY - 2008 TI - Language and Time in Postcolonial Experience SP - 24-47 JF - Research in African Literatures VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 00345210 N1 - Language and Time in Postcolonial Experience KW - Africa Postcolonialism Literature literary theory Language history relevance: 3 N2 - I examine the relationships between language and time from the standpoint of postcolonial experience. While focusing materially on language, I explore, on one hand, the concept of time from the point of view of experiences usually characterized as postcolonial. On the other hand, I think through what the expression "postcolonial" could mean from the perspective of a general concept of time. These approaches lead one to understand in what ways we could reasonably argue that, more that in any other modes of consciousness in any disciplines, both the times and the experiences of postcolonialism in continental Africa can be most insightfully traced in the histories of what has been called the African experience in literature. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20109558 ID - 262 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Fabian, Johannes PY - 1983 BT - Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object CY - New York PB - Columbia University Press N1 - Time and the Other: How Anthropology Makes its Object KW - Johannes Fabian Anthropology Coevalness temporal distancing methodology Temporality of academic work inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 N2 - Fabian's study is a classic in the field that changed the way anthropologists relate to their subjects and is of immense value not only to anthropologists but to all those concerned with the study of man. A new foreward by Matti Bunzl brings the influence of Fabian's study up to the present. Time and the Other is a critique of the notions that anthropologists are "here and now," their objects of study are "there and then," and that the "other" exists in a time not contemporary with our own. UR - http://books.google.com/books/about/Time_and_the_other.html?id=6ZzVdQfAKVgC ID - 411 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fabian, Johannes PY - 2001 TI - Time, Narration, and the Exploration of Central Africa SP - 3-20 JF - Narrative VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 10633685 N1 - Time, Narration, and the Exploration of Central Africa KW - Johannes Fabian Coevalness temporal distancing anthropology methodology Method: ethnography narrative relevance: 2 Africa N2 - not available UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20107226 ID - 289 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fallon, P. PY - 2009 TI - Time for (a Reading) Community? The Border Literary Field(s) in the 1980s and 1990s SP - 47-70 JF - Mexican Studies-Estudios Mexicanos VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0742-9797 N1 - Time for (a Reading) Community? The Border Literary Field(s) in the 1980s and 1990s M3 - 10.1525/msem.2009.25.1.47 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Media Literature Narrative Nationalism Latin America Mexico inclusion/exclusion literary theory narrative national time local time critical temporalities Relevance: 1 N2 - This essay analyzes how, marginalized by national literatures and threatened by the rise of regional mass media in the 1980s and 1990s, northern Mexican border authors and their texts consistently concerned themselves with the temporalities of representation - particularly in literary narrative. Through their treatment of temporal issues, these writers directed themselves toward a local, transnational reading community and enacted a critical regionalism that articulates local signification within larger processes reshaping the role of literature in contemporary Latin America. UR - http://www.jstor.org/pss/10.1525/msem.2009.25.1.47 ID - 10 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Farred, Grant PY - 2004 TI - The Double Temporality of Lagaan: Cultural Struggle and Postcolonialism SP - 93-114 JF - Journal of Sport & Social Issues VL - 28 IS - 2 N1 - The Double Temporality of Lagaan: Cultural Struggle and Postcolonialism N1 - 10.1177/0193723504264410 KW - postcolonialism Cinema multiple temporalities temporal conflict India relevance: 3 psychoanalysis cultural studies social theory Sports events past in the present Gender N2 - Using postcolonial, psychoanalytic, sports, and cultural theory, this article explores the ways in which temporality constitutes a crucial element of the 2002 Bollywood movie, Lagaan. In critiquing this film about cricket, the article explicates how the political moment that is the Indian present functions as a problematic backdrop to Lagaan, which is set at the end of the 19th century. The film is read as text that inhabits, and articulates, a double temporality: Lagaan (“tax” in Hindi) is a movie that looks, simultaneously, to the colonized past and the postcolonial present. Cricket is posited as pivotalto the anticolonial project, and Lagaan demonstrates how the imagined “Indian” nation (which includes all of the Asian subcontinent) conflicts with the Indian and Pakistani nations that emerged after the Partition of the Raj. This article shows how these many ideological pressures operated in “Indian” society and affords gender a critical part in that analysis. UR - http://jss.sagepub.com/content/28/2/93.abstract ID - 249 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Farred, Grant PY - 2004 TI - The not-yet counterpartisan: a new politics of oppositionality SP - 589-605 JF - South Atlantic Quarterly VL - 102 IS - 4 N1 - The not-yet counterpartisan: a new politics of oppositionality KW - South Africa politics Africa ethnicity race inclusion/exclusion law political theory philosophy history time as tool for political legitimation Relevance: 2 time as symbolic resource progress Teleology Separation from the past political time N2 - not available - from intro: Apartheid South Africa was a society preoccupied with containing its own disenfranchised black populace and obsessed with imposing "law and order," albeit one laden with historical paradox. In apartheid South Africa, the white minority's determination to maintain (an immoral, if not an illegal) order produced the "dis-order"—the peaceful and violent protests, the workers' strikes, and the school boycotts—that made the law unworkable, the system of constitutionalized racial discrimination unsustainable. Black opposition stands, from the vantage point of a post-apartheid society, as the interrogation of how law can be linked to order; the post-apartheid nomos marks the dissolution of the apartheid order and the production of an entirely new political order; black resistance represents a commentary on how ex justa causa ("from just cause") the law provokes and incorporates violence, of how violence—against protesting black (and occasionally white) bodies—constituted apartheid law. Anti-apartheid resistance worked to do more than overthrow a racist system of government (and not simply the governing NP): it was philosophically instrumentalist in that it transcribed the history of black opposition to apartheid as a critique of the apartheid state's fallacious belief in its own telos—its sense of its capacity to exist infinitely in the face of the disenfranchised majority's growing resistance. Black oppositionality rejected, and sought to make inconceivable, the unproblematic coupling of concepts such as law and order by revealing the racist violence that enabled this yoking of law to order in the first place. The propensity for the teleological, to think post-apartheid South Africa as the disarticulation (and possibly even evacuation of) and triumph over its apartheid predecessor, the narrative of "progress" from a racist past to a nonracial present (and future), is a critical modality that has significant purchase in the post-1994 society. The event of the nation's first democratic elections, April 1994, signals—in this teleological rendering—the "end" of one era and the beginning of a new, democratic one that aligns South Africa—almost half a century later—with a global post-1945 nomos. With, of course, the provisos that past economic inequities, cultural differences, and racial tensions, to mention but three, would have a (powerful) residual life in the new, post-apartheid nomos—the new order of the South African being. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/saq/summary/v103/103.4farred.html ID - 413 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Feldman, Ruth PY - 2007 TI - Parent–infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions SP - 329-354 JF - Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry VL - 48 IS - 3-4 SN - 1469-7610 N1 - Parent–infant synchrony and the construction of shared timing; physiological precursors, developmental outcomes, and risk conditions M3 - 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01701.x KW - Synchronicity Families shared present timing psychology psychiatry Generations sequence temporal ordering children/youth social coordination Biological time Affect Methodology time as missing element Relevance: 3 intersubjectivity N2 - Synchrony, a construct used across multiple fields to denote the temporal relationship between events, is applied to the study of parent–infant interactions and suggested as a model for intersubjectivity. Three types of timed relationships between the parent and child's affective behavior are assessed: concurrent, sequential, and organized in an ongoing patterned format, and the development of each is charted across the first year. Viewed as a formative experience for the maturation of the social brain, synchrony impacts the development of self-regulation, symbol use, and empathy across childhood and adolescence. Different patterns of synchrony with mother, father, and the family and across cultures describe relationship-specific modes of coordination. The capacity to engage in temporally-matched interactions is based on physiological mechanisms, in particular oscillator systems, such as the biological clock and cardiac pacemaker, and attachment-related hormones, such as oxytocin. Specific patterns of synchrony are described in a range of child-, parent- and context-related risk conditions, pointing to its ecological relevance and usefulness for the study of developmental psychopathology. A perspective that underscores the organization of discrete relational behaviors into emergent patterns and considers time a central parameter of emotion and communication systems may be useful to the study of interpersonal intimacy and its potential for personal transformation across the lifespan. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01701.x ID - 414 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Felski, Rita PY - 2000 BT - Doing Time: Feminist Theory and Postmodern Culture CY - New York PB - New York University Press N1 - Doing Time: Feminist Theory and Postmodern Culture KW - Feminist theory modernity Postmodernism history Multiple temporalities Cultural studies art epochalism Relevance: 2 feminism Asynchrony changing perceptions of time class epochalism inclusion/exclusion Aesthetics critical temporalities N2 - Contemporary theory is full of references to the modern and the postmodern. How useful are these terms? What exactly do they mean? How is our sense of these terms changing under the pressure of feminist analysis? In this study, Rita Felski argues that it makes little sense to think of the modern and postmodern as opposing or antithetical terms. Rather, we need a historical perspective that is attuned to cultural and political differences within the same time as well as the leaky boundaries between different times. Neither the modern nor the postmodern are unified, coherent, or self-evident realities. Drawing on cultural studies and critical theory, Felski examines a range of themes central to debates about postmodern culture, including changing meanings of class, the end of history, the status of art and aesthetics, postmodernism as "the end of sex", and the politics of popular culture. Placing women at the centre of analysis, she suggests, has a profound impact on the way we think about historical periods. As a result, feminist theory is helping to reshape our vision of both the modern and the postmodern. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=wGEuCbPTR3sC ID - 415 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferguson, Michaele L. PY - 2006 TI - Politics in an Untimely Fashion JF - Theory & Event VL - 9 IS - 1 N1 - review N1 - Politics in an Untimely Fashion M3 - 10.1353/tae.2006.0015 KW - Philosophy politics political theory political time Relevance: 3 Untimely continental Philosophy political science Assumptions about time obscuring x book review N2 - Review - abstract not available: Untimely Fashion Samuel A. Chambers. Untimely Politics. New York: New York University Press, 2003. 224pp. ISBN 0814716415. Jeffrey Isaac lamented in 1995 that political theorists had missed an opportunity to respond to the revolutions of 1989. Untimely Politics calls into question the presumption of those like Isaac who believe that the job of political theory is to make sense of significant current events, like the fall of the Soviet Union or 9/11. However, this book is not a defense of universalist, ahistorical theory divorced from a concern with contemporary politics, nor of theory understood primarily as intellectual history, focused only on political events in the past. After all, in the final chapter, Chambers gives a theoretical response to the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), signed into law in 1996. At issue, then, is not whether theorists should use their craft to critique and make sense of current political events, but rather how we should do so. According to Chambers, theorists like Isaac view political theory primarily as a problem-solving enterprise accomplished through inquiry into the events themselves, unmediated by interpretive analysis of theoretical texts. (5) Chambers argues that this approach to theory is grounded in a particular conception of time, one which he calls... UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/theory_and_event/v009/9.1ferguson2.html ID - 416 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferguson, Margaret W. PY - 2004 TI - Feminism in Time SP - 7 JF - MLQ: Modern Language Quarterly VL - 65 IS - 1 N1 - Feminism in Time AN - 52934 KW - literary theory feminist theory gender history Critical temporalities temporal conflict Multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 asynchrony women's time feminism origin stories inclusion/exclusion N2 - Intro to special issue on feminism and time - abstract not available - first para: Like the White Rabbit, those of us addressing you from the pages of this special issue on “feminism in time” are late, quite late, for what remains (arguably) a very important date—with a highly enigmatic figure whose continued existence is subject to debate in these and other (related) sets of pages written shortly before and shortly after the turn of the millennium. As a figure, feminism has multiple, changing, and disputed referents. The name in the dominant modern sense given by the Oxford English Dictionary —“advocacy of the rights of women (based on the theory of equality of the sexes)”— came rather belatedly into English: 1894–95, according to the OED’s entries for the substantive and adjectival forms of the word. This philological fact may surprise you (it did me), since many students of feminism, including one in this collection (Laura Mandell), date the birth of feminism in its modern form to the European Enlightenment. Yet more specifically, but also more partially, with reference to the coordinates of “national” language and geography as well as to those of linear time, feminism’s “birth” has been (and is here too) provisionally located in the writings of Mary Wollstonecraft, in particular her famous Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modern_language_quarterly/v065/65.1ferguson.html ID - 417 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ferrell, Robyn PY - 1999 TI - The Timing of Feminism SP - 38-48 JF - Hypatia VL - 14 IS - 1 N1 - The Timing of Feminism KW - history Philosophy materiality feminist theory Kristeva Irigaray Psychoanalysis Relevance: 3 timing feminism N2 - Is history a category of reason, or is reason a category of history? These opposing questions have divided the structuralist from the materialist—but neither question is wrong. Analysis of the logic of oppositions challenges feminism, in particular, to find a logic—and a poetics—in which to render its values without historical or theoretical naiveté. I explore the question of the timing of feminism through Julia Kristeva and Luce Irigaray. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3810622 ID - 418 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fitzpatrick, Tony PY - 2004 TI - Social Policy and Time SP - 197-219 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 2-3 N1 - Social Policy and Time N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04043502 KW - Policy time as missing element Critique of discipline Methodology poverty Capitalism Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 N2 - Time is crucial to the implementation, operation and effectiveness of social policies, yet the subject has often treated the meaning of time as theoretically unproblematic. It focuses more upon what policies do and less upon the contexts within which the practices and assumptions of social actors are embedded. The article offers a more sophisticated theoretical account of time upon which is based an exploration of the main temporal features of welfare capitalism. It then goes on to examine three recent and prominent research projects in order to show how and why they fail to incorporate a convincing social theory of time. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/2-3/197 ID - 748 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Flaherty, Michael G. PY - 1987 TI - Multiple Realities and the Experience of Duration SP - 313-326 JF - The Sociological Quarterly VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 00380253 N1 - Multiple Realities and the Experience of Duration KW - Duration Sociology Multiple temporalities temporal boundaries in/commensurability between times Phenomenology experiential time method: Interviews Method: ethnography events Turning points Relevance: 3 changing perceptions of time Deceleration of time N2 - This article documents an exploration of the following question: How does transition from one to another subuniverse of social reality shape the individual's sense of duration? That question is addressed through a phenomenological analysis of time-consciousness. The data consist of personal testimony in the form of anecdotes that summarize incidents in which time was felt to slow noticeably. Analytic induction is applied to these ethnographic observations. These data suggest that the shock that accompanies relatively distinct shifts from one finite province of meaning to another provokes increased perception of immediate detail as the individual strives to interpret emerging events. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4120645 ID - 2036 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Flaherty, Michael G. AU - Freidin, Betina AU - Sautu, Ruth PY - 2005 TI - Variation in the Perceived Passage of Time: A Cross-National Study SP - 400-410 JF - Social Psychology Quarterly VL - 68 IS - 4 SN - 01902725 N1 - Variation in the Perceived Passage of Time: A Cross-National Study KW - Psychology experiential time method: Interviews Activism Agency multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 perception of time Method: comparative analysis social psychology cultural variants of time Argentina politics waiting Synchronicity affect Deceleration of time N2 - Flaherty's cross-cultural theory purports to account for variation in the perceived passage of time. Recent events in Argentina provide an opportunity to assess the applicability of this theory to a Latin American nation. We conducted interviews with 198 persons who participated in various kinds of political activism. The respondents who felt that time had passed "quickly" emphasized an increase in governmental and personal activity. For those who said "slowly," the focus was on suffering, unpleasant emotions, and waiting. Those who were unable to specify reported a mixture of factors associated with "quickly" or "slowly," while those who said "synchronically" were unaffected by the turmoil in their country. These findings offer strong support for the theory in question, and they suggest that variation in the experience of time occurs not because there are different kinds of people but because people find themselves in different kinds of circumstances. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4150495 ID - 587 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Flaherty, Michael G. AU - Meer, Michelle D. PY - 1994 TI - How Time Flies: Age, Memory, and Temporal Compression SP - 705-721 JF - The Sociological Quarterly VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 00380253 N1 - How Time Flies: Age, Memory, and Temporal Compression KW - Sociology Acceleration of time time/space compression Perception of time Memory Aging Clock time Synchronicity generations temporal conflict Multiple temporalities psychology Pragmatism Philosophy relevance: 3 Deceleration of time N2 - We formulate a comprehensive theory that accounts for variation in the perception of time. According to our theory, lived time is perceived to pass slowly (protracted duration) when conscious information processing is high; lived time is perceived to be synchronized with clock time (synchronicity) when conscious information processing is moderate; and lived time is perceived to have passed quickly (temporal compression) when conscious information processing is low. We examine that portion of the theory concerning temporal compression in light of empirical materials. Since episodic memory erodes as time passes, we hypothesize that this generates the experience of temporal compression by lowering the density of conscious information processing. Our data were drawn from three different age cohorts, and we find strong support for the hypothesis. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4121526 ID - 702 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fleming, N. C. PY - 2010 TI - The Press, Empire and Historial Time SP - 183-198 N1 - 2010/05/01 JF - Media History VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 1368-8804 N1 - The Press, Empire and Historial Time M3 - 10.1080/13688801003656199 Y2 - 2011/06/27 KW - Media history India Coevalness Colonialism historical time homogenising present U.K. time as tool for political legitimation time as tool for managing percieved threats Relevance: 2 political time policy N2 - Journalistic invocations of past, present and future are a recurring feature of The Times' analysis of Indian affairs, especially after 1911, a manifestation of shifting imperialist conceptions of India and the consequent role of The Times in promoting constitutional reform. Initially hostile, imperialist intellectuals, senior Conservatives and The Times shifted from reluctant acquiescence, to the 1911 durbar declaration, to active support; of the 1919 Government of India Act, the 1929?33 Round Table process and 1935 India Act; to siding with those in the 1940?45 wartime government who, against Churchill, advocated the necessity of full self-government. Throughout, The Times' extensive coverage of Indian affairs contained a subtext, sometimes explicitly stated, that presented a framework of historical time ? a coherent sense of past, present and future ? intended to legitimize new directions in Indian policy by reconciling change and continuity in a way that was satisfying to Conservative perceptions of British imperial history. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13688801003656199 ID - 1018 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fontainha, Elsa PY - 2005 TI - Social cohesion across Europe. Does time allocation matter? SP - 97-111 JF - Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research VL - 11 IS - 1 N1 - Social cohesion across Europe. Does time allocation matter? N1 - 10.1177/102425890501100109 KW - time allocation Europe labour time social cohesion Shared present Policy critique of discipline methodology temporal inequality Care work public and private time method: time-use data Relevance: 2 N2 - The concept of social cohesion has received much attention in recent academic research as well as in policy documents. The aim of this paper is to point out the shortcomings of current indicators for social cohesion and the advantages of including time allocation data in the evaluation and measurement of social cohesion. Such data should include, for example, time spent on household work and family care or time spent on voluntary and civic activities. The paper is organised as follows: first, the Eurostat and OECD social cohesion indicators are discussed in relation to concepts of social cohesion. In section two, some aspects of social cohesion are associated with time allocated to various activities and it is argued that time use data, in some cases, provide a more accurate measure of social cohesion. In section three, empirical results are presented for European countries using indicators that illustrate social cohesion, and time use data are combined with current social cohesion indicators. Finally, conclusions are presented. UR - http://trs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/11/1/97 ID - 752 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ford, Phil PY - 2008 TI - Taboo: Time and Belief in Exotica SP - 107-135 JF - Representations VL - 103 IS - 1 SN - 07346018 N1 - Taboo: Time and Belief in Exotica KW - Music Media Activism Utopia Shared future inclusion/exclusion assumptions about time obscuring x Relativity Theory Relevance: 2 temporal distancing Multiple temporalities Asynchrony imagined futures Art N2 - In the 1950s, exotica was a genre of pop music that specialized in depicting imaginary exotic paradises and conventionalized natives. By the late 1960s, exotica pop had disappeared, but its tropes of temporal and spatial disjuncture persisted, structuring the music, visual art, and social theory of the utopian counterculture. While 1950s and 1960s kinds of exotica differ in their preferred imaginary destinations, both raise the question of what intermediate shades between belief and disbelief are demanded by aestheticized representations of human life. This essay theorizes exotica as a mode of representation governed by a peculiar mode of reception—one of willed credulity enabled by submission to its spectacle. What exotica demands is what intellectuals are least likely to give, though, and the peculiar pleasures of exotica spectacle are denigrated or rendered invisible in the hermeneutic regime. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/rep.2008.103.1.107 ID - 288 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Forray, Jeanie M. AU - Woodilla, Jill PY - 2005 TI - Artefacts of Management Academe SP - 323-339 JF - Time & Society VL - 14 IS - 2-3 N1 - Artefacts of Management Academe M3 - 10.1177/0961463X05055142 N1 - SAGE KW - Linguistics management method: discourse analysis methodology Relevance: 1 temporality of academic work individual time timelessness N2 - Drawing on discursive approaches of stylistic linguistics and linguistic analysis, we explore ways in which temporality is an invoked and represented aspect in management journal titles. We analyze the titles of scholarly articles from three interdisciplinary organizational journals published in 2000: Administrative Science Quarterly, Group and Organization Management, and the Journal of Management Studies. We note manifestations of temporality in punctuation and word choice, in research interest, the use of academic terminology or keywords, and in underlying assumptions of temporality or timelessness. We conclude that journal titles may tell us about the speech community of management scholarship manifest through discipline-based constructions of temporality, but little about the individual experience of temporality in contributing to such a construction. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/14/2-3/323 ID - 202 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Fortes, Meyer PY - 1970 BT - Time And Social Structure And Other Essays CY - London and New York PB - Athlone Press N1 - Time And Social Structure And Other Essays KW - Anthropology structuralism functionalism social time Relevance: 2 Social structure N2 - none available UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=LmYKAQAAIAAJ ID - 695 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Foster, Thomas PY - 1988 TI - History, Critical Theory, and Women's Social Practices: "Women's Time" and Housekeeping SP - 73-99 JF - Signs VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 00979740 N1 - History, Critical Theory, and Women's Social Practices: "Women's Time" and Housekeeping KW - history Feminism home Public and private time Gender social theory feminist theory Deconstruction Philosophy Kristeva historical time literary theory Generations Relevance: 3 women's time France Italy Europe N2 - not available - from the text: The value of the deconstructive critique to feminist theory and the form it should take within a political reading practice continue to be debated by feminist critics.' However, the relevance of Julia Kristeva's essay "Women's Time" to this debate has not been generally acknowledged.2 "Women's Time" offers a historical model of recent developments in the women's movement, a model that presents feminist expropriation of deconstruction as a possibility generated by (at least) Western women's historical situation. Kristeva suggests that there is a material basis for feminist use of deconstructive strategies, but her model of the forms feminist selfconsciousness can take also implies that those forms stand in specific relation to historical materialism, including its use of dialectics in critical analysis. Feminist practices as Kristeva presents them function as an immanent critique of both materialist and deconstructive theories, while implying the need to retain as well as modify their analytic categories and procedures. Kristeva's essay presents itself as a commentary on the European women's movement, particularly in France and Italy, but the questions it raises find enough correspondence in the work of socialist feminists and critics engaged in politicizing deconstruction to interest Anglo- American readers.3 As a literary representation of the lives of several generations of women, Marilynne Robinson's novel Housekeeping shows how an analysis like Kristeva's might organize a narrative of women's resistance to the historical limitations imposed on them. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3174662 ID - 685 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fox, John F. PY - 1934 TI - Leisure-Time Social Backgrounds in a Suburban Community SP - 493-503 JF - Journal of Educational Sociology VL - 7 IS - 8 SN - 08853525 N1 - Leisure-Time Social Backgrounds in a Suburban Community N1 - JSTOR KW - Method: questionnaires leisure time method: time diaries sociology Urban communities education children/youth Methodology Relevance: 3 Families N2 - What is the status of the school, child's leisure time in the small-town suburban community? Leisure time, for the purpose of this study, is defined as that waking time spent outside of the following necessary activities: sleeping, eat- ing, personal care, home duties, homework, time in school, paid employment, and transportation to work and school. Leisure interests are considered to be those expressions of preferences and activities. in which the child indulges in his leisure time-activities, "just because he wants to." Sociologists say the behavior of the child is, affected by many situations-the family, school, playground, movies, gangs, and scouts. This means that there are educational processes outside the formal program of the public school. If this is true, a study of the child within this congeries. of situations is essential. Such. a study should help to bring a visualization of educational problems in terms of the needs and activities of the whole community UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2961535 ID - 77 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frankenberg, Ronald PY - 1988 TI - Your Time or Mine? An Anthropological View of the Tragic Temporal Contradictions of Biomedical Practice SP - 11 - 34 JF - International Journal of Health Services VL - 18 IS - 1 N1 - Your Time or Mine? An Anthropological View of the Tragic Temporal Contradictions of Biomedical Practice N1 - Cited in another paper KW - health care sociology Anthropology method: dynamic rather than static power temporal conflict coordinating between different times industrialisation temporal distancing timelessness homogenising present Agency time as symbolic resource Relevance: 2 N2 - The symbolic construction and use of time in health care is examined both in relation to social control of patients and to the power/powers accorded to and claimed by physicians. After reviewing classical medical sociology approaches of Zerubavel and Roth, it is suggested that an anthropological approach using concepts of disease, illness, and sickness and especially the last make it possible to produce a more adequate analysis. The cultural performance of sickness is seen in a framework of power, space, and time, and comparisons drawn between preindustrial and industrial patterns of healing (including Hahn's detailed ethnographic account of the practice of an internist in the United States). It is argued that medicine as it is at present practiced in industrial society inevitably requires health workers and especially physicians to distance themselves in time from the experience of their patients by taking the present-tense account of perceived illness (the history), which they initially share, and translating it into timeless, almost disembodied, disease. The physicians’ special position in relation to time makes symbolically possible their control not only over patients’ access to space and use of time but also over patients’ autonomy in controlling the body and its boundaries. Finally, it is proposed that, although the contradiction arises from the theory and practice of biomedicine itself, the ability of health workers to overcome it is related to the extent to which the exercise of power within medicine reinforces (or is reinforced by) the ideology of the society in which it operates. UR - http://www.metapress.com/content/gcuhmg8gjpkvnlbq/ ID - 115 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Franz, Kathleen PY - 2003 TI - "On Time": The National Museum of American History SP - 142-146 JF - Technology and Culture VL - 44 IS - 1 SN - 0040165X N1 - "On Time": The National Museum of American History KW - heritage museums Clock time Chronology Relevance: 2 USA technology clocks history of changing perceptions of time history community engagement epistemology time reckoning N2 - Not available - from intro: Loitering at the entrance to the exhibit On Time at the National Museum of American History (NMAH), one immediately observes clusters of touring families keeping track of time. They glance at their watches, instruct chil dren in lessons of punctuality, and declare that if they move quickly enough and "stay on time" they can see the entire Smithsonian in a day. According to curator Carlene Stevens, the goal of On Time is to prompt these visitors to think about "the changing ways Americans have measured, used, and thought about time in the last three hundred years." On Time asks visitors to consider the big question, "How did we get this way?" How did Americans become so reliant on clock time? How and why have Americans come to measure time more and more precisely? Why have we accorded increasing importance to time?... The NMAH's previous clock exhibit, installed when the museum was still the National Museum of History and Technology, was a traditional taxonomy of artifacts (row upon row of clocks) illustrating incremental technological change. As historian Steven Conn has noted, such taxonomies, developed in the nineteenth century, reinforced dominant ideas of material and social progress. In museums of science and technology taxonomic exhibits created an object-based epistemology that reified ideas of technological progress and determinism. Overturning these exhibition methods, On Time illustrates vividly and with intellectual depth current ideas in the history of technology and museum interpretation that focus on social context and the varied cultural meanings of technological change. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/25148060 ID - 582 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frederickson, Kathleen PY - 2007 TI - Liberalism and the Time of Instinct SP - 302-312 JF - Victorian Studies VL - 49 IS - 2 SN - 00425222 N1 - Liberalism and the Time of Instinct KW - History Politics economics temporal distancing Coevalness Agency futurity inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 future orientation timelessness western imperialism liberalism political economy time as horizon time as tool for political legitimation time as tool for managing percieved threats N2 - This essay, which reads Walter Bagehot's Physics and Politics alongside the economic theories of its day-most notably, William Stanley Jevons's Theory of Political Economy-suggests how the term "instinct" affords Bagehot a means of distinguishing "civilized," self-determining subjects from their "savage" others by providing an account of agency outside of a liberal framework committed to rational willfulness and individual character development. In Bagehot's usage, savage actors governed by "instinct," supposedly insensible to any knowledge of the relation between means and ends, are deprived of any association they might be thought to have with either lengthier horizons of aspiration or the anxious deferral of pleasure, ideas valued as cornerstones of the liberal subject. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4626287 ID - 286 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Freeman, Elizabeth PY - 2005 TI - Time Binds, or, Erotohistoriography SP - 57-68 JF - Social Text IS - 84/85 SN - 01642472 N1 - Time Binds, or, Erotohistoriography KW - Queer temporalities queer theory history embodiment Gender Sexuality psychoanalysis Multiple temporalities postcolonialism Critical temporalities futurity Unpredictibility Relevance: 2 historiography Development families chronotopes time as symbolic resource Foucault home Development Bourdieu politics N2 - Not available - from intro: Against the chronopolitics of development, and also extending postcolonial notions of temporal heterogeneity beyond queer melancholic historiography, this essay advances what I call erotohistoriography: a politics of unpredictable, deeply embodied pleasures that counters the logic of development. Particularly in light of the liberal transformation of a queer sex revolution into gay marriage reform and Marxist condemnations of queer theory’s focus on matters libidinal,10 I would like to take the risk of the inappropriate response to ask: how might queer practices of pleasure, specifically, the bodily enjoyments that travel under the sign of queer sex, be thought of as temporal practices, even as portals to historical thinking? Freud’s “uncanny” has offered one powerful model for a dialectic between bodily feelings and temporal alterity, but its “feelings” are both unpleasant and at one remove from the body (with the exception of goose bumps). Perhaps more important, the productive sense of alternate times in the uncanny—so fruitful for postcolonial theory—centers on the distinctly heterosexualized chronotopes of home, family, and mother.11 In contrast, Foucault has famously written that queers should “use sexuality henceforth to arrive at a multiplicity of relationships,” while Bourdieu would insist that these relationships inevitably play with and on time.12 As a mode of reparative criticism, then, erotohistoriography indexes how queer relations complexly exceed the present. It insists that various queer social practices, especially those involving enjoyable bodily sensations, produce form(s) of time consciousness, even historical consciousness, that can intervene upon the material damage done in the name of development.13 Against pain and loss, erotohistoriography posits the value of surprise, of pleasurable interruptions and momentary fulfillments from elsewhere, other times. UR - http://socialtext.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/23/3-4_84-85/57 ID - 285 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Freeman, Elizabeth PY - 2010 BT - Time binds : queer temporalities, queer histories CY - Durham, NC PB - Duke University Press N1 - Time binds : queer temporalities, queer histories SN - 9780822348047 KW - Queer temporalities Sexuality Queer theory history Affect art non-linear time time discipline normativity embodiment Past in the present politics Relevance: 2 standardisation inclusion/exclusion experiential time cinema psychoanalysis history historiography time as symbolic resource Break in time narrative past in the present Asynchrony political time Trauma N2 - Time Binds is a powerful argument that temporal and sexual dissonance are intertwined, and that the writing of history can be both embodied and erotic. Challenging queer theory’s recent emphasis on loss and trauma, Elizabeth Freeman foregrounds bodily pleasure in the experience and representation of time as she interprets an eclectic archive of queer literature, film, video, and art. She examines work by visual artists who emerged in a commodified, “postfeminist,” and “postgay” world. Yet they do not fully accept the dissipation of political and critical power implied by the idea that various political and social battles have been won and are now consigned to the past. By privileging temporal gaps and narrative detours in their work, these artists suggest ways of putting the past into meaningful, transformative relation with the present. Such “queer asynchronies” provide opportunities for rethinking historical consciousness in erotic terms, thereby countering the methods of traditional and Marxist historiography. Central to Freeman’s argument are the concepts of chrononormativity, the use of time to organize individual human bodies toward maximum productivity; temporal drag, the visceral pull of the past on the supposedly revolutionary present; and erotohistoriography, the conscious use of the body as a channel for and means of understanding the past. Time Binds emphasizes the critique of temporality and history as crucial to queer politics. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=iYe8Kp9XXT4C ID - 246 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Freund, Peter PY - 2010 TI - Capitalism, Time-Space, Environment, and Human Well-Being: Envisioning Ecosocialist Temporality and Spatiality SP - 112 - 121 JF - Capitalism Nature Socialism VL - 21 IS - 2 N1 - Capitalism, Time-Space, Environment, and Human Well-Being: Envisioning Ecosocialist Temporality and Spatiality M3 - 10.1080/10455752.2010.489684 KW - climate change temporal conflict time and space Capitalism economics labour time Acceleration of time Relevance: 2 political theory ecological citizenship Critical temporalities political time Biological time Biorhythms environment time and space N2 - not available - from the text: Of course humans can be socially constituted to adapt to the demands of capitalist temporality (e.g., shift work), just as nature (e.g., land) can be adapted to the rhythms of capitalist industrial agriculture. However, such adaptations have longrange ‘‘unhealthy’’ costs and require compensatory mechanisms to deal with temporal-spatial contradictions, such as disturbed sleep patterns to cope with a lack of sleep or using oil-based artificial fertilizer to boost depleted soil. Capitalism has saturated time-space, colonizing it. The speeding up of daily life is paralleled by the acceleration of the degradation and appropriation of the environment. The commodification of nature has accelerated along with the privatization of the commons. With the spread of global capitalism, the scale and speed of such appropriation and degradation have increased. Thus as China is integrated into the global capitalist economy, it will increasingly be under pressure to accelerate the production of export products, in turn, exacerbating deforestation, soil erosion, and water shortages.7 Global capitalism is driving widening ‘‘metabolic-biospheric rifts’’ in the commons (space). These include temporal rifts between energy and resource consumption and their renewability, as well as rifts between the rate of waste production and the capacity of ecosystems to cope with it.8 Thus carbon and other emissions tend to be created at a ‘‘rate faster than natural systems can absorb them, contributing to the creation of a global ecological crisis.’’9 There are also spatial rifts, such as the increasing separations of natural habitats. Spatial rifts are expressed in city/rural and North/South splits, and within built environments as ‘‘antimonies between nature and culture, divisions into ‘‘residential,’’ ‘‘commercial,’’ ‘‘light industrial,’’ ‘‘historic preservation,’’ and ‘‘natural restoration’’ spaces.10 Temporal-spatial rifts produce what James O’Connor has called the ‘‘second contradiction’’ of capitalism*a contradiction between the capitalist mode of production and the conditions of production, or more generally, the ‘‘conditions of existence.’’11 UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10455752.2010.489684 ID - 419 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Friedland, Roger AU - Boden, Deirdre PY - 1995 TI - NowHere: Space, Time, and Modernity CY - Berkley and Los Angeles PB - University of California Press N1 - NowHere: Space, Time, and Modernity KW - modernity events Technology Media globalisation changing perceptions of time the present Anthropology Religion Geography linguistics sociology history art Communication Gender cities Relevance: 3 war N2 - The fall of the Berlin wall, the uprising at Tiananmen Square, the war in the Persian Gulf, the conflict in Bosnia--such events have been fundamentally affected by modern technology. As we become instant spectators of war, famine, and revolution, time and space assume new global meanings. This provocative volume presents an eclectic group of contributors who attempt to make sense of the "now" and the "here" that define the modern age. The essays, by anthropologists, religionists, geographers, linguists, sociologists, and historians, explore the temporal and spatial facets of social life. Their range is remarkable and includes English landscape painting, talk in corporations, agoraphobic women, the ecological structure of Los Angeles, the cosmology of the Holocaust, and the ritual spaces of Buddhist Japan and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The editors' introduction addresses the diversity of these empirical concerns and positions them within a rapidly expanding theoretical landscape. David Hockney's striking painting on the book jacket captures the tension between somewhere and everywhere, between space and place, now and just a moment ago--hence "nowhere" or "now/here." UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=zKCXX8ChEJkC ID - 962 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Friedman, Jonathan PY - 1992 TI - The Past in the Future: History and the Politics of Identity SP - 837-859 JF - American Anthropologist, New Series VL - 94 IS - 4 N1 - The Past in the Future: History and the Politics of Identity KW - Anthropology Past in the present politics history identity Continuity over time events life course narrative action Agency ethnicity non-homogeneous community Relevance: 3 Western imperialism Meaning shared past N2 - THE FOLLOWING DISCUSSION CONCERNS the relation between the practice of identity as a process and the constitution of meaningful worlds, specifically of historical schemes. Self-definition does not occur in a vacuum, but in a world already defined. As such it invariably fragments the larger identity space ofwhich its subjects were previously a part. This is as true of individual subjects as of societies or of any collective actors. The construction of a past in such terms is a project that selectively organizes events in a relation of continuity with a contemporary subject, thereby creating an appropriated representation of a life leading up to the present, that is, a life history fashioned in the act of self-definition. Identity, here, is decisively a question of empowerment. The people without history in this view are the people who have been prevented from identifying themselves for others. Similarly, the current challenge to Western identity and history and the rapid increase in alternative, ethnic, and subnational identities is an expression of the deterioration of the conditions that empowered a dominant modernist identity. The latter entails the liberation of formerly encompassed or superseded identities. I shall be arguing that the dehegemonization of the Western-dominated world is simultaneously its dehomogenization. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.1992.94.4.02a00040/abstract ID - 420 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Friedman, Susan Stanford PY - 2006 TI - Periodizing Modernism: Postcolonial Modernities and the Space/Time Borders of Modernist Studies SP - 425-443 JF - Modernism/modernity VL - 13 IS - 3 SN - 1080-6601 N1 - Periodizing Modernism: Postcolonial Modernities and the Space/Time Borders of Modernist Studies KW - time and space postcolonialism methodology geography epochalism Critical temporalities Multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 modernity cultural studies epochalism western imperialism Aesthetics borders temporal boundaries N2 - not available - from intro: Einstein's theory of relativity forged a major paradigm shift in theorizing the relationship between time and space, one that systematized what some in the arts and philosophy of modernism were already beginning to articulate early in the century. More recently, cultural studies theorist Lawrence Grossberg has advocated what he calls "the timing of space and the spacing of time" as a precondition for a new "geography of beginnings."4 Regarding space and time not as absolutes but rather as cognitive [End Page 425] categories of human thinking, I want to build on these theories of relativity to examine the spatial politics of historical periodization—the way that generalizations about historical periods typically contain covert assumptions about space that privilege one location over others. Fredric Jameson's imperative—"Always historicize!"—leads unthinkingly into binaries of center/periphery unless it is supplemented with the countervailing imperative—Always spatialize!5 Jameson's widely influential essay, "Modernism and Imperialism," introduces the spatiality of global imperialism into his discussion of literary history and argues for imperialism as constitutive of modernist aesthetics in the West. But for him, modernism was over and done with by the end of World War II, to be followed by postmodernism characterized by a shift into the multinational corporate flows of late capitalism and new forms of imperialism.6 Many others, including Walter Mignolo as evident in the epigraph, would agree with Jameson's insistence that Western modernity is inextricably tied to Western colonialism in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. However, I consider Jameson's spatialization of modernism incomplete. A full spatialization of modernism changes the map, the canon, and the periodization of modernism dramatically. Moreover, rethinking the periodization of modernism requires abandoning what I have called the "nominal" definition of modernity, a noun-based designation that names modernity as a specific moment in history with a particular societal configuration that just happens to be the conditions that characterize Europe from about 1500 to the early twentieth century. The "relational" mode of definition, an adjectivally-based approach that regards modernity as a major rupture from what came before, opens up the possibility for polycentric modernities and modernisms at different points of time and in different locations.7 Examining the spatial politics of the conventional periodization of modernism fosters a move from singularities to pluralities of space and time, from exclusivist formulations of modernity and modernism to ones based in global linkages, and from nominal modes of definition to relational ones. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modernism-modernity/v013/13.3friedman.html ID - 315 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Friese, Heidrun PY - 2010 TI - Times, histories and discourse SP - 405-420 JF - Rethinking History: The Journal of Theory and Practice VL - 14 IS - 3 N1 - Times, histories and discourse M3 - doi:10.1080/13642529.2010.482795 N1 - relevant author search KW - Social theory social time history multiple temporalities non-linear time narrative Relevance: 2 social structure continuity over time eternity community stability action time as all encompassing temporal ordering N2 - Social and cultural thought as they emerged at the turn of the nineteenth century commonly declared time to be a function of structure, continuity and eternity, not least with a view to postulate an ontological stability and regularity of social life. Even if the inclusion of time and social temporalities has subsequently been demanded by theories of action, the multiple social notions of time and their practical articulations have been subordinated to the discursive organization of a hegemonic universal world time. Here, three different, yet connected, narratives which order time will be considered and, in opposition to assumptions that there exists homogeneous and linear world-time, it will be argued that only the critical interrogation of the construction of a universal course of time allows for a further opening towards the particularities of situated social and cultural worlds and their multifarious times and histories. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a924693058~frm=titlelink ID - 190 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Frings, Manfred S. PY - 1983 TI - Social Temporality in George Herbert Mead and Scheler SP - 281-289 JF - Philosophy Today VL - 27 IS - 4 N1 - Social Temporality in George Herbert Mead and Scheler N1 - Philosophers Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Philosophy G.H. Mead Past in the present Social time Relevance: 1 pragmatism N2 - The purpose of the article is to show the interaction existing between social forms, such as society and life community, on the one hand, and the experience of time, on the other. Similarities between Mead and Scheler reveal, however, that Mead's concept of "past" is largely grounded in a societal orientation which must be distinguished from a life-communal one (tribe, clan, family, etc.) in which "past" is experienced as "lived" and acting "into" the present. UR - not available ID - 181 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Frink, Lisa AU - Shepard, Rita S. AU - Reinhardt, Gregory A. PY - 2002 TI - Many Faces of Gender: Roles and Relationships Through Time in Indigenous Northern (Boreal) Communities CY - Boulder, CO PB - University Press of Colorado N1 - Many Faces of Gender: Roles and Relationships Through Time in Indigenous Northern (Boreal) Communities KW - Gender Anthropology Sociology indigenous Canadians native American indigenous peoples history change over time method: dynamic rather than static Critique of discipline social Change timelessness Coevalness Archaeology Relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion N2 - Many Faces of Gender is an interdisciplinary volume that addresses the dearth in descriptions and analyses of gender roles and relationships in Native societies in North America’s boreal reaches. This collection complements existing conceptual frameworks and develops new methodological and theoretical approaches that more fully articulate the complex nature of social, economic, political, and material relationships between indigenous men and women in this region. The contributors challenge the widespread notion that Native women’s and men’s roles are frozen in time, a concept precluding the possibility of differently constructed gender categories and changing power relations and roles through time. By examining the pre-historical, historical, and modern records, they demonstrate that these roles are not fixed and have indeed gradually transformed. Many Faces of Gender is ideal for anthropologists and archaeologists interested in cross-disciplinary studies of gender, households, women, and lithics. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=eYB0AAAAMAAJ ID - 848 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gabbert, Lisa PY - 2007 TI - Distanciation and the Recontextualization of Space: Finding One's Way in a Small Western Community SP - 178-203 JF - Journal of American Folklore VL - 120 IS - 476 SN - 1535-1882 N1 - Distanciation and the Recontextualization of Space: Finding One's Way in a Small Western Community N1 - Project Muse KW - Folklore USA rural communities identity Giddens Method: ethnography modernity globalisation geography past in the present Asynchrony time and space social change Uneven development Relevance: 3 modernization N2 - not avialable: intro instead: Like many other regions throughout the Intermountain West, the Payette Lakes area of west-central Idaho has undergone dramatic social, cultural, and economic changes since the 1960s. These changes entail shifting demographics; substantial increases in housing and development; and a transition from industrial, extraction-based industries such as logging, ranching, and mining to postindustrial, service-based, and globalized economies based on tourism and recreation. Part and parcel of the socioeconomic changes in the Payette Lakes area is a reconfiguration of local space on the part of officials by means of a technology called the Rural Addressing System, which was implemented between 1990 and 1994. Prior to this time, most local streets did not have visible signage, and houses did not have numbers. Mail was (and still is) delivered centrally to post office boxes, and 911 emergency services did not exist. The Rural Addressing System (also referred to as RAS) erected visible street signs and assigned house numbers; it thus constituted a reorganization of space at city and county levels.1 I am concerned here with detailing this spatial transformation as a phenomenon of modernization and exploring its relationship to constructions of local identity. Drawing on social theorist Anthony Giddens's concept of time-space distanciation, this article ethnographically investigates the effects of the Rural Addressing System on the local organization of space by examining wayfinding performances—that is, the giving and receiving of directions in social interaction. Ways of organizing space manifest themselves in wayfinding, offering a useful means by which to examine underlying spatial principles. I argue that the Rural Addressing System is a concrete example of space distanciation, which Giddens claims is intricately connected to modernity and globalization.2 Investigating the Rural Addressing System in the Payette Lakes area can thus shed light on how globalizing processes are manifested in everyday life, what the effects of such processes are, and how people respond to them. On the one hand, the Rural Addressing System is a rationalization of space, directly linked to the socioeconomic modernization the area currently is experiencing and indicative of modern forms of technological control and the exercises of power. On the other hand, its effects as manifested in on-the-ground wayfinding practices are far from totalizing or complete. Residents do not use the RAS straightforwardly, and they sometimes avoid using it at all. Rather than the wholesale replacement of "traditional" modes of organizing space with "modern" ones, space distanciation is mediated by interrelated factors such as residential identity and the rhetorical framing of immediate social relationships. These factors are further complicated by desires to establish status and power and even by occasional resistance to perceived ideological domination. Investigating the nature of these contingencies and how they affect people's wayfinding choices offers insight into the unevenness and contradictions of modernity and of the role of the local in processes of globalization. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_american_folklore/v120/120.476gabbert.html ID - 91 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gallois, William PY - 2007 BT - Time, Religion and History CY - Harlow, UK PB - Pearson N1 - Time, Religion and History KW - social time religion time as natural history Relevance: 2 critical temporalities critique of discipline historiography historical time history of changing perceptions of time indigenous Australians Australia Judaism christianity Islam Buddhism temporal complexity time as missing element Relativity Theory Multiple temporalities progress temporal flow Asian Philosphy indigenous peoples N2 - What is time? How does our sense of time lead us to approach the world? How did the peoples of the past view time? This book answers these questions through an investigation of the cultures of time in Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Judaism and the Australian Dreamtime. It argues that our contemporary world is blind as to the significance and complexity of time, preferring to believe that time is ‘natural’ and unchanging. This is of critical importance to historians since the base matter of their study is time, yet there is almost no theoretical literature on time in history. This book offers the first detailed historiographical study of the centrality of time to human cultures. It sets out the complex ways in which ideas of time developed in the major world religions, and the manner in which such conceptions led people both to live in ways very different to our contemporary world and to make very different kinds of ‘histories’. It goes on to argue that modern scientific descriptions of time, such as Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, lie much closer to the complex understandings of time in religions such as Christianity than they do to our ‘common-sense’ notions of time which are centred on progress through a past, present and future. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=kZpJqY-HhpEC ID - 191 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Galster, George AU - Temkin, Kenneth AU - Walker, Chris AU - Sawyer, Noah PY - 2004 TI - Measuring the Impacts of Community Development Initiatives SP - 502-538 JF - Evaluation Review VL - 28 IS - 6 N1 - Measuring the Impacts of Community Development Initiatives M3 - 10.1177/0193841X04267090 N1 - SAGE KW - community development method: time series analysis method: quantitative Relevance: 3 Methodology change over time N2 - The authors contribute to the development of empirical methods for measuring the impacts of place-based local development strategies by introducing the adjusted interrupted time-series (AITS) approach. It estimates a more precise counterfactual scenario, thus offering a stronger basis for drawing causal inferences about impacts. The authors applied the AITS approach to three community development initiatives using single-family home prices as the outcome indicator and found that it could measure impacts on both the base level of prices and the rate of price appreciation. The authors also found a situation in which the method appears unreliable, however. The AITS approach benefits from more recurrent data on outcomes during the pre-and post-intervention periods, with an intertemporal pattern that avoids great volatility. The AITS approach to measuring effects of community development initiatives holds strong promise, with caveats. UR - http://erx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/28/6/502 ID - 200 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Game, Ann PY - 2001 BT - TimeSpace: Geographies of Temporality ED - May, Jon ED - Thrift, Nigel CT - Belonging: Experience in Sacred Time and Space CY - London PB - Routledge SP - 226-239 N1 - Belonging: Experience in Sacred Time and Space KW - religion Relativity Theory non-linear time time and space experiential time home Relevance: 2 Geography Sacred time belonging N2 - not available: author develops notions of sacred time and space in order to talk about nonlinear time and non-Euclidean space experiences, arguing that it is a mistaken to look for ‘home’ or ‘belongingness’ in a fixed place and time UR - http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hRpltNdGOO0C ID - 421 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ganguly, Keya PY - 2004 BT - The Cambridge Companion to Postcolonial Literary Studies ED - Lazarus, Neil CT - Temporality and postcolonial critique CY - Cambridge PB - Cambridge University Press SP - 162-179 N1 - Temporality and postcolonial critique M3 - 10.1017/CCOL0521826942.009 N1 - Google Scholar KW - postcolonialism epochalism history inclusion/exclusion normativity clock time temporal conflict multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 literary theory periodicity Methodology in/commensurability between times epistemology critical temporalities N2 - How does time signify in postcolonial analysis? This question has occasionally been taken up as a matter of deciding the status of the prefix “post.” Theorists who approach the question in this way have answered it by periodizing the postcolonial - that is, by situating it in epochal terms, relative to such other putative eras as the colonial, the modern, the postmodern, and so on (Appiah 1991; Hutcheon 1994). Since the attempt here has been to separate the postcolonial from these other epochs or eras (to specify when it emerges and its distinctive constituent features as an epoch), this approach has usually emphasized nominal and categorical rather than conceptual or epistemological issues. The periodizing approach to the question of time in postcolonial analysis has generated some thought-provoking insights. Its weakness, however, is that it has tended to eschew larger philosophical meditations on what makes epochal pronouncements intelligible in the first place (e.g., explorations of how time has figured in the analysis of the postcolonial). Temporality has been explored rather more fruitfully in postcolonial studies by approaches that regard the postcolonial not as an epoch or age but as a particular mode of historical emergence. Here, the issues have entailed characterizing the “alterity” associated with postcolonial forms of being; in other words, the focus has been on the ways in which, and the degree to which, the postcolonial has been taken to represent an “other” time whose logic and historical expression are incommensurable with the normative temporality of clock and calendar associated with Western modernity. What follows is a discussion of such lines of enquiry into time. UR - http://cco.cambridge.org/extract?id=ccol0521826942_CCOL0521826942A012 ID - 248 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gardner, Andrew PY - 2002 TI - Social identity and the duality of structure in late Roman-period Britain SP - 323-351 JF - Journal of Social Archaeology VL - 2 IS - 3 N1 - Social identity and the duality of structure in late Roman-period Britain M3 - 10.1177/146960530200200303 N1 - SAGE KW - Archaeology identity U.K. Giddens method: dynamic rather than static Relevance: 2 History social structure Materiality agency Method: case study changing perceptions of time continuity over time social change N2 - The central theme of this article is the relationship between material practices, social identity categories and the duality of structure. The latter concept, linking structure and agency in Giddens’ structuration theory, is here understood as dependent upon the negotiation of categories, such as ethnicity/community, social status, religion and gender, through practices like dwelling, eating and appearing. Such practices can be interpreted from the material patterns that emerge from multi-dimensional and multi-scalar analyses of archaeological data. These ideas are worked through in a case study of Britain in the fourth and early fifth centuries AD, wherein some of the relationships between practices and institutionalized identities (such as those associated with the military) can be discerned. An emphasis on the negotiation of identities in practice also places the theme of temporality at centre-stage, offering a new perspective on the balance between reproduction and transformation in the ongoing constitution of social life. UR - http://jsa.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/2/3/323 ID - 209 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garland, Jon AU - Chakraborti, Neil PY - 2007 TI - `Protean times?': Exploring the relationships between policing, community and 'race' in rural England SP - 347-365 JF - Criminology and Criminal Justice VL - 7 IS - 4 N1 - `Protean times?': Exploring the relationships between policing, community and 'race' in rural England N1 - SAGE KW - Race Rural communities Ethnicity England nationalism method: questionnaires method: qualitative method: Interviews method: focus groups Static time Relevance: 3 cultural diversity imagined pasts inclusion/exclusion criminology N2 - Rural villages are often portrayed as problem-free, idyllic environments characterized by neighbourliness and cultural homogeneity. Drawing upon the growing body of research into issues of rural racism, this article challenges these prevailing notions by highlighting some of the problems associated with the increasing ethnic diversity of rural populations. The article begins by addressing the symbolic importance given to the English countryside by many of its white inhabitants, and assesses how this is related to romanticized feelings of national identity, `localism' and narrow invocations of village `communities'. It is argued that village space is not neutral but is instead racialized and contested, and that it is feelings of insecurity among white rural populations, exacerbated by the presence of a markedly different `other', that results in the marginalization of minority ethnic groups from mainstream community activities. It is also suggested that these groups are often subjected to racist victimization, which can go unrecognized by local agencies. This clearly has implications for policing diversity in the rural, and the article explores ways in which the public police (and other rural agencies) could begin to develop a more nuanced understanding of the diversification of rural space and the `othering' of outsider populations. UR - http://crj.sagepub.com/content/7/4/347.abstract ID - 192 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Garrett, Catherine J. PY - 1996 TI - “Multidisciplinary Series”Transformations in Time and Space: Social Theory and Recovery from Eating Disorders SP - 245-255 JF - Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention VL - 4 IS - 3 SN - 1064-0266 N1 - “Multidisciplinary Series”Transformations in Time and Space: Social Theory and Recovery from Eating Disorders KW - social theory Food health care psychology social time time as symbolic resource Durkheim Ritual Death & dying embodiment future orientation Past orientation orientation within time imagined futures Relevance: 3 time as missing element N2 - As existential crisis, an eating disorder attempts to control the categories of time and space, in an effort to escape despair. Therapists have frequently commented on the distortions of these categories during the anorectic or bulimic period, but the meaning of their observations has remained relatively unexplored. This article begins with the idea that time and space are cultural constructs and focuses on their reconstruction during recovery, with illustrations from the case studies of Palazzoli and Bruch. It uses classical anthropological theory (Durkheim and van Gennep) to demonstrate how ritual can structure and re-create space and time, bringing about a confrontation with death, changes in relation to society, and a transformation of the body. It discusses the implications for therapy of Durkheim's insight that the transpersonal/spiritual is inseparable from the social, showing how sufferers from eating disorders and their therapists jointly devise new meanings for the past and the future and find ways to expand the space the ex-sufferer creates in the world. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/10640269608251179 ID - 663 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gell, Alfred PY - 1992 BT - The anthropology of time: cultural constructions of temporal maps and images CY - Oxford PB - Berg N1 - The anthropology of time: cultural constructions of temporal maps and images KW - Anthropology Perception of time social time Multiple temporalities labour time Durkheim Evans-Pritchard Levi-Strauss Husserl Bourdieu Psychology economics Geography Phenomenology Philosophy Relevance: 2 McTaggart N2 - Time - relentless, ever-present but intangible and the single element over which human beings have no absolute control - has long proved a puzzle. The author examines the phenomenon of time and asks such fascinating questions as how time impinges on people, to what extent our awareness of time is culturally conditioned, how societies deal with temporal problems and whether time can be considered a 'resource' to be economized. More specifically, he provides a consistent and detailed analysis of theories put forward by a number of thinkers such as Durkheim, Evans-Pritchard, Levi-Strauss, Geertz, Piaget, Husserl and Bourdieu. His discussion encompasses four main approaches in time research, namely developmental psychology, symbolic anthropology (covering the bulk of post-Durkheimian social anthropology) 'economic' theories of time in social geography and, finally, phenomenological theories. The author concludes by presenting his own model of social/cognitive time, in the light of these critical discussions of the literature. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=WM6AAAAAMAAJ ID - 859 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gellner, Ernest PY - 1958 TI - Time and Theory in Social Anthropology SP - 182-202 JF - Mind VL - 67 IS - 266 SN - 00264423 N1 - Time and Theory in Social Anthropology KW - Anthropology Philosophy events causality epistemology Knowledge temporality of academic work Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: PHILOSOPHERS have recently discussed whether an event may be caused by another later than itself. I shall discuss issues con- nected with a less obvious question-namely, whether events may be explained by earlier events. What makes this particularly interesting is that it has arisen, in a lively way, not from a margi- nal, doubtful and above all ex officio paradoxical pursuit such as research, nor in formal philosophy, but from the day to psychical day work of a respectable empirical discipline, social anthropology...The theme which I shall discuss is certain considerations Leach puts forward concerning the relationship between the anthropologist's thought and the reality he is investigating. This, quite plainly, is a philosophical theme. The dissection of what Leach has to say on this matter is of interest to philosophers in that it will show the very old epistemological argument re- appearing in a new and concrete setting, and re-appearing so to speak spontaneously. Leach is acquainted with philosophy and the bibliography of his work on Burmese hill tribes contains, oddly enough, the names of Vaihinger, Bertrand Russell and Wittgenstein; but it seems to me on internal evidence that the epistemological doctrin6 under discussion was suggested spon- taneously in the course of grappling with his ethnographic material, and by his interpretation of anthropological theory- not by philosophers UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2251110 ID - 673 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gellner, Ernest PY - 2003 BT - Cause and Meaning in the Social Sciences CY - London PB - Routledge N1 - Cause and Meaning in the Social Sciences SN - 978-0-203-00914-7 KW - Causality Anthropology Sociology methodology temporality of academic work Relevance: 3 Social structure kinship Meaning Evans-Pritchard Malinowski Structuralism N2 - This volume focuses on key conceptual issues in the social sciences, such as Winch's idea of a social science, structuralism, Malinowski and Evans-Pritchard, and the concept of kinship. In particular it deals with such problems as the relationship of nature and culture, the relevance of concepts drawn from within a given society to its understanding, and the relation of theory to time. See particularly: Time and theory in social anthropology pp88-106 UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=5YlEGQAACAAJ ID - 646 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gibbons, Luke PY - 2005 TI - Spaces of Time through Times of Space: Joyce, Ireland and Colonial Modernity SP - 71-86 JF - Field Day Review VL - 1 SN - 16496507 N1 - Spaces of Time through Times of Space: Joyce, Ireland and Colonial Modernity KW - literary theory Ireland Europe Synchronicity Scheduling Transport technologies communication memory shared past Critical temporalities Multiple temporalities nationalism Relevance: 2 changing perceptions of time N2 - not available UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/30078604 ID - 278 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gibson, David PY - 1994 TI - Time for clients: temporal aspects of community psychiatric nursing SP - 110-116 JF - Journal of Advanced Nursing VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 1365-2648 N1 - Time for clients: temporal aspects of community psychiatric nursing M3 - 10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20010110.x N1 - Google Scholar KW - community health health care nursing organisational temporalities Psychiatry method: Interviews temporal ordering social coordination timing time as symbolic resource Relevance: 2 N2 - Time is an integral element in all actions, organizations and relationships. Temporality has an effect on people's lives, and in turn people manipulate temporality as a means of imposing social order. From a semiotic perspective the amount of time spent on an action and the timing of it conveys messages about such things as importance and status This holds equally true of organizations as well as individuals This paper concentrates on a community psychiatric nursing department, its staff and clients Sections of speech taken from interviews with nurses and clients are presented and discussed from the perspective of temporality to show how relationships are managed on an individual level and how work is organized around different client groups at an organizational level UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1994.20010110.x ID - 121 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Giddens, Anthony PY - 1979 BT - Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure, and Contradiction in Social Analysis CY - Berkley & Los Angeles PB - University of California Press N1 - Central Problems in Social Theory: Action, Structure, and Contradiction in Social Analysis KW - social theory Giddens sociology action Structuralism functionalism marxism Knowledge Method: dynamic rather than static time and space power social change Relevance: 2 time as missing element Synchronicity N2 - In this new and brilliantly organized book of essays, Anthony Giddens discusses three main theoretical traditions in social science that cut across the division between Marxist and non-Marxist sociology: interpretive sociology, functionalism, and structuralism.Beginning with a critical examination of the importance of structuralism for contemporary sociology, the author develops a comprehensive account of what he calls "the theory of structuration." One of the main themes is that social theory must recognize, as it has not done hitherto, that all social actors are knowledgeable about the social systems they produce and reproduce in their conduct. In order to grasp the significance of this, he argues, we have to reconsider some of the most basic concepts in sociology. In particular, Giddens argues, it is essential to recognize the significance of time-space relations in social theory. He rejects the distinction between synchrony and diachrony, or statics and dynamics, involved in both structuralism and functionalism, and offers extensive critical commentary on the latter as an approach to sociology. The book, which can be described as a "non-functionalist manifesto," breaks with the three main theoretical traditions in the social sciences today while retaining the significant contributions each contains. In so doing Giddens discusses a range of fundamental problem areas in the social sciences: power and domination, conflict and contradiction, and social transformation. He concludes with an overall appraisal of the key problems in social theory today. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=jpxkQ-1elyAC ID - 861 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Giesen, Bernhard PY - 2004 TI - Noncontemporaneity, Asynchronicity and Divided Memories SP - 27-40 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 1 N1 - Noncontemporaneity, Asynchronicity and Divided Memories N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04040741 KW - Asynchrony Memory the present Coevalness Multiple temporalities temporal conflict temporal complexity time as all encompassing Rhythms organisational temporalities Perception of time social Change Counter traditions Critical temporalities Generations embodiment Relevance: 2 Uneven development assumptions about time obscuring x coordinating between different times Trauma N2 - Three different paradigms of temporal inconsistency are distinguished. ‘Noncontemporaneity’ refers to the local and temporal coexistence of phenomena that are related to different historical periods or different stages of social evolution. This paradigm presupposes an encompassing unity of society and disregards the normality of hybridization and syncretism in real societies. The paradigm of ‘asynchronicity’ centres the differences of pace and rhythms between different social systems or institutional domains. Here the indispensability of temporal differences for the perception of time and change is frequently ignored. The third model is called ‘divided memories’. Divided memories are generated by different experiential backgrounds with respect to the perception of core events. Generations are presented as communities of experience that differ with respect to this experiential background. Most important in this respect are triumphant or traumatic experiences that devalue the experience of the parental generation and provide a frame for the collective identity of a generation. The authenticity of these experiences is rooted in corporal presence and bodily rituals. Recently public debates tend to construct generational differences in an inflationary manner. This public construction of generations contrasts to the blurring of generational differences on a microsocial level. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/13/1/27.abstract ID - 899 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gilroy, Paul PY - 2004 BT - After empire: melancholia or convivial culture? CY - London PB - Routledge N1 - After empire: melancholia or convivial culture? KW - race nationalism nostalgia mourning cultural studies social theory postcolonialism the future politics Multiculturalism Relevance: 3 epochalism Separation from the past western imperialism N2 - Paul Gilroy's After Empire - in many ways a sequel to his classic study of race and nation, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack - explores Britain's failure to come to terms with the loss of its empire and pre-eminent global standing. Drawing on texts from the writings of Fanon and Orwell to Ali G. and The Office , After Empire shows that what we make of the country's postcolonial opportunity will influence the future of Europe and the viability of race as a political category. Taking the political language of the post 9/11 world as a new point of departure he defends beleaguered multiculturalism against accusations of failure. He then takes the liberal discourse of human rights to task, finding it wanting in terms of both racism and imperialism. Gilroy examines how this imperial dissolution has resulted not only in hostility directed at blacks, immigrants and strangers, but also in the country's inability to value the ordinary, unruly multi-culturalism that has evolved organically and unnoticed in its urban centres. A must-read for students of cultural studies, and Britain in the post 9/11 era. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=ayKIQgAACAAJ ID - 2053 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Gingrich, Andre PY - 1994 BT - Social Experience and Anthropological Knowledge ED - Hastrup, Kirsten ED - Hervik, Peter CT - Time, ritual and social experience CY - London PB - Routledge SP - 166-179 N1 - Time, ritual and social experience SN - 978-0-415-10658-0 KW - Ritual Anthropology cultural variants of time perception of time social time myth religion Relevance: 2 N2 - not available - from the text: The present chapter is concerned with social experience and the anthropological knowledge of temporality. It sets out first to identify anthropology's conventional notions of time within the context of a modern heritage. Then it argues that in non-secular societies basic notions of temporality are encompassed by mythic rationality and religious principles. these principles influence temporal experience in so far as they are socialised and internalised by way of concepts and rituals. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=JsbxDAcep0EC ID - 647 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Glaser, Barney G. AU - Strauss, Anselm L. PY - 1968 BT - Time for Dying CY - Chicago PB - Aldine N1 - Time for Dying KW - Death & dying health Perception of time experiential time care work Relevance: 3 trajectories Unpredictibility futurity inclusion/exclusion life course temporal conflict asynchrony Scheduling organisational temporalities sociology N2 - Describes the comparative advantages of locating the dying patient in a hospital and at home and discusses methods of dealing with the moment of death, examples temporal features of terminal care. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=S_9YKg-jt7EC ID - 691 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Glassie, Henry H. PY - 1995 BT - Passing the time in Ballymenone: culture and history of an Ulster community CY - Bloomington PB - Indiana University Press N1 - Passing the time in Ballymenone: culture and history of an Ulster community KW - Folklore Ireland U.K. Europe history Rural communities Relevance: 3 change over time N2 - "[Passing the Time in Ballymenone is] an extraordinarily rich and rewarding book. It is about night and day, talk and work, man and nature, history and folklore, text and context, truth and order, art and culture, life and death, the ponderable and imponderable, but above all it is about the effort of one man to find for himself and us the life's breath of the people of Ballymenone. . . . It is certainly a remarkable tour de force." Emmet Larkin, New York Times Book Review "A catalog of themes and topics . . . fails to reveal the glory of Passing the Time: it is one of the most remarkable pieces of literature of the twentieth century. As such, the book merits the attention of all readers who care about great writing and important ideas." Wilbur Zelinsky, Geographical Review Passing the Time in Ballymenone is the result of a decade of research on the life and art, the folklore, history, and common work of a rural community in Northern Ireland. Winner of the Chicago Folklore Prize and the Haney Prize in the Social Sciences, Passing the Time in Ballymenonewas named a notable book of the year by the New York Times. It is a classic in the fullest sense, reaching beyond folklore to the wide world of humanity. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=7FKF1pGbEjsC ID - 116 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glassner, Barry PY - 1982 TI - An Essay on Iterative Social Time SP - 668-681 JF - Sociological Review VL - 30 IS - 4 SN - 0038-0261 N1 - An Essay on Iterative Social Time AN - WOS:A1982QD98600006 KW - social time Sociology Media Perception of time Repetition time as symbolic resource Past in the present temporal complexity temporal boundaries Multiple temporalities Asynchrony relevance: 2 Radio N2 - not available - from the text: Discussing a radio station that moved to solid gold radio and then to a format with 'golden oldies' supplemented by 'future gold' (i.e. contemporary) songs... "this radio station developed two forms of iterative time in order to make the station special in a market glutted with rock and roll radio stations. First they utilised present past time - giving present emphasis to past hits. When this strategy lost its effectiveness they added a present future past time - making present hits into the past hits of the future. Iterative time might be defined as the renewing or initiating of periods in conjunction with other periods in order to produce a two or more fold social time. This essay will suggest some of the structure of iterative social time, as this is found within prominent sociological research and theory" UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-954X.1982.tb00673.x/abstract ID - 806 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glenn, Cathy B. PY - 2006 TI - Experiential Time, Personhood, and Community: On Sherover's Priority of the Possible SP - 129-136 JF - The Pluralist VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 19307365 N1 - Experiential Time, Personhood, and Community: On Sherover's Priority of the Possible N1 - JSTOR KW - Philosophy futurity Heidegger Continental Philosophy Kant experiential time imagined futures Charles Sherover ethics orientation within time future orientation open future time perspective identity Phenomenology Relevance: 1 Morality Becoming conceptions of time N2 - not available - intro to article: Charles sherover's concern with time and human experience reflects an unmistakably American philosophic perspective, one that recognizes the moral import implicated in actual present pursuits as they attempt to redress the past and keep an eye trained toward future possibilities for redemption. At the same time, Sherover s own emphasis on futurity as the sine qua non of moral personality follows both Kant's and Heidegger's focus on elucidat ing the essential possibilities of human thinking and experiencing. Sherover, however, picks up where Kant and Heidegger left off, shifting Kant's focus on things to a focus on persons, and moving beyond Heidegger's focus on the structure of experiential time toward an understanding of time as experienced. For Sherover, then, a primacy of the future perspective means taking seriously the primacy of persons and facing, in that respect, "the question of the ontological meaning of possibility-as-such" {Heidegger 283). And if Erazim Koh?k is right, that "the term person designates not a being but rather a mode of being which constitutes its world in terms of value and meaning,"1 then Sherover's ontological focus on futurity is crucial in understanding moral personhood as a mode of temporal being. In Sherover's re-released edition of The Human Experience of Time:Development of Its Philosophic Meaning,2 he has painstakingly gathered together excerpts from some of the great philosophers thoughts about temporality. Woven in with others thinking about time?which, incidentally, constitute the basis of much of Sherover's other work3?are his own considerations. Put simply, Sherovers thesis in this book is that in order to understand time, we must understand our experience of it as experienced. To ignore time, or to reduce it to a kind of space by treating it objectively, Sherover argues, is to di vorce beings-in-the-world from the primary mode of becoming-in-the-world. Moreover, acknowledging Heidegger s fundamental temporal ontology as the basis for conceiving "the priority of the possible" (Heidegger 286), Sherover recognizes that moral personhood is always already exemplified in the structure of experiential time via "possibilities which presently seem to offer themselves for realization" ("Experiential" 81). It is to these thoughts that we turn in this brief discussion and, in so doing, draw together some of Sherovers insights in his work with respect to experiential time, futurity and possibility, and their implications for moral personhood within community. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20708855 ID - 66 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glennie, Paul AU - Thrift, Nigel PY - 1996 TI - Reworking E. P. Thompson's `Time, Work-Discipline and Industrial Capitalism' SP - 275-299 N1 - October 1, 1996 JF - Time & Society VL - 5 IS - 3 N1 - Reworking E. P. Thompson's `Time, Work-Discipline and Industrial Capitalism' M3 - 10.1177/0961463x96005003001 KW - history U.K. Capitalism Technology time discipline labour time task oriented time Clock time Multiple temporalities skill in temporal practices time as symbolic resource Relevance: 2 history of changing perceptions of time Skill in temporal practices methodology N2 - This paper attempts to lay foundations for a new account of the histories of times in England (and beyond). A disjuncture has arisen between much recent writing about time and the most influential general accounts of time and society in the historic and contemporary West. The latter emphasize a social and geographical diffusion of a modern time competence, stemming from intensified industrial work-discipline, and centred on clock time, whereas the former emphasize the multiple and qualitative nature of times. Through a discussion of major theoretical themes (the multiplicity of time-senses and of time-disciplines; the skilfulness of temporal practices; and symbolic facets of time), we point to central topics in a reformulated account of western time-senses. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/5/3/275.abstract ID - 424 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Glennie, Paul AU - Thrift, Nigel PY - 2009 BT - Shaping the Day: A History of Timekeeping in England and Wales 1300-1800 CY - Oxford PB - Oxford University Press N1 - Shaping the Day: A History of Timekeeping in England and Wales 1300-1800 KW - time reckoning U.K. Wales Europe Clock time Technology history England Relevance: 2 changing perceptions of time history of changing perceptions of time critique of discipline industrialisation N2 - Timekeeping is an essential activity in the modern world and we take it for granted that our lives our shaped by the hours of the day. Yet what seems so ordinary today is actually the extraordinary outcome of centuries of technical innovation and circulation of ideas about time. Shaping the Day is a pathbreaking study of the practice of timekeeping in England and Wales between 1300 and 1800. Drawing on many unique historical sources, ranging from personal diaries to housekeeping manuals, Paul Glennie and Nigel Thrift illustrate how a particular kind of common sense about time came into being, and how it developed during this period. Many remarkable figures make their appearance, ranging from the well-known, such as Edmund Halley, Samuel Pepys, and John Harrison, who solved the problem of longitude, to less familiar characters, including sailors, gamblers, and burglars. Overturning many common perceptions of the past-for example, that clock time and the industrial revolution were intimately related-this unique historical study engages all readers interested in how 'telling the time' has come to dominate our way of life. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5cGHcgAACAAJ ID - 423 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glover, Kaiama L. PY - 2010 TI - Present-ing the Past: The Persistence of the Para-Revolutionary Moment in Jean-Claude Fignolé’s Aube tranquille SP - 208-226 JF - Research in African Literatures VL - 41 IS - 4 SN - 1527-2044 N1 - Present-ing the Past: The Persistence of the Para-Revolutionary Moment in Jean-Claude Fignolé’s Aube tranquille KW - Literature literary theory Carribean non-linear time Past in the present history Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 Revolution Global present inclusion/exclusion fate futurity N2 - In his 1990 work of prose fiction Aube Tranquille, Jean-Claude Fignolé, Haitian author and co-founder of the Spiralist literary ethic-aesthetic, considers the extent to which an unresolved revolutionary Haitian history persists in and troubles the global present. His novel-spiral makes Haiti’s pararevolutionary moment pertinent to an understanding of its contemporary fate through a complex and spatio–temporally destabilizing account of one family’s New World drama. Implicating the spiral form as a narrative model from which to explore the persistence of a traumatic and meaningful past, Fignolé writes away from even the most ostensibly nontraditional literary representations of time’s passage. He exposes the fraught foundations of Haiti’s relationships with Africa, Europe, and the Americas, foregrounding the island republic’s transatlantic and transhistorical dimensions. This essay looks closely at the specific mechanisms by which Fignolé allows the colonial past to resonate in the postcolonial present and considers the author’s profound resistance to authoritative reconstructions of ambivalent American histories. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/research_in_african_literatures/v041/41.4.glover.html ID - 317 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Glucksmann, Miriam A. PY - 1998 TI - `What a Difference a Day Makes': A Theoretical and Historical Exploration of Temporality and Gender SP - 239-258 N1 - May 1, 1998 JF - Sociology VL - 32 IS - 2 N1 - `What a Difference a Day Makes': A Theoretical and Historical Exploration of Temporality and Gender M3 - 10.1177/0038038598032002002 KW - Gender sociology economics leisure time memory method: case study Relevance: 2 Methodology inclusion/exclusion labour time time as resource Method: oral history U.K. public and private time life course time use experiential time Standardisation care work N2 - This paper explores the potentialities and distinctiveness of a temporal perspective for analysing differences between and within genders. After a brief overview of sociological approaches to time, it suggests the value of `an economy of time' framework for analysing work, especially those forms which involve no monetary exchange. Exchanges of time can be seen to establish their own reciprocities, inequalities and hierarchies, thus forming a wider basis for the analysis of social and gender division than one resting on a more narrow, say monetary, economic premise. The central sections attempt to demonstrate these points using oral history research on married women who began work in Lancashire during the inter-war years. Weavers and casual women workers are contrasted with respect to three dimensions of temporality: (1) the temporal structure of work/time in waged work, domestic labour and leisure, and exchanges of time between themselves and their husbands, employers and each other; (2) the temporality of life-course events and the structure of memory; and (3) the division between public and private. I argue that the findings (that the two groups differed systematically on all dimensions both in their use and subjective experience of time) have contemporary and conceptual implications extending beyond the particular case study, including a reconceptualisation of `standard' working time and what constitutes `economy'. UR - http://soc.sagepub.com/content/32/2/239.abstract ID - 422 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Godbey, G. C. PY - 1993 TI - Time, work, and leisure: trends that will shape the hospitality industry SP - 49-58 JF - Hospitality Research Journal VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0741-5095 N1 - Time, work, and leisure: trends that will shape the hospitality industry KW - leisure time labour time experiential time acceleration of time Relevance: 3 Tourism perception of time changing perceptions of time Hospitality N2 - The US population's use and perception of time will influence the future of the hospitality industry. Understanding what they do in their free time and their attitudes towards time, work and leisure are key determinants of the industry's future development. During the last few decades, hours of work, measured as either hours of work for those in the labour force or as a percentage of all the hours of an individual's life, have declined. Public perception, however, is that hours of work are increasing. There is overwhelming evidence that Americans feel more rushed than in the past and that the pace of life is speeding up. Important changes in the nature of both work and leisure are examined, and implications for the hospitality industry are drawn. UR - http://jht.sagepub.com/content/17/1/49.abstract ID - 604 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Godfrey, Mary AU - Townsend, Jean AU - Denby, Tracy PY - 2005 TI - Building a good life for older people in local communities: The experience of ageing in time and place T3 - Ageing and Society CY - York PB - Joseph Rowntree Foundation VL - 0144-686X N1 - Building a good life for older people in local communities: The experience of ageing in time and place AN - ISI:000232311600012 M3 - 10.1017/s0144686x05223966 KW - Aging generations Sociology Method: Interviews change over time care work Belonging health care Relevance: 3 N2 - This study is about the experience of ageing. Older people talked about their lives, described the opportunities and challenges of getting old, and shed light on what makes for a 'good life'. A significant aspect of the study, by Mary Godfrey, Jean Townsend and Tracy Denby at Leeds University, was partnership with older people's groups in Leeds and Hartlepool which participated in interviewing, analysing and shaping the report. The study found that: Ageing is not just about decline, nor even about maintaining an even keel. It is also about seeing and seizing opportunities and actively managing transition and loss. However, there is considerable variation in the resources available to people to deal with changes that accompany ageing. Central to a 'good life' in old age is the value attached to inter-dependence: being part of a community where people care about and look out for each other; a determination 'not to be a burden' especially on close family; and an emphasis on mutual help and reciprocal relationships. The essence of 'ageing well' is the ability to sustain inter-dependent lives and relationships that meet needs for intimacy, comfort, support, companionship and fun. Threats to life quality include not only bereavement and ill health, but 'daily hassles' and their cumulative impact. The localities where older people live are of enormous importance. As they get frailer, their lives are increasingly affected by, and bounded within, their immediate physical and social environments. Appropriate and sensitive services should reflect older people's values and capacities and their desire for an 'ordinary life': 'sufficient' and secure income, social and intimate relationships, stimulating and interesting activities, accessible and timely information, support to manage things that pose difficulties, a comfortable, clean, safe environment, and a sense of belonging to and participating in communities and wider society. Locality-based service models offer the potential to connect the values and preferences of older people within a network of community groups to support a 'good old age' and provide a significant bridge between communities and statutory services. The experiences and views of older people offer insights into the services and support needed to sustain their well-being. UR - http://www.jrf.org.uk/publications/building-good-life-older-people-local-communities ID - 830 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Golden, Deborah PY - 2002 TI - Storytelling the Future: Israelis, Immigrants and the Imagining of Community SP - 7-35 JF - Anthropological Quarterly VL - 75 IS - 1 SN - 1534-1518 N1 - Storytelling the Future: Israelis, Immigrants and the Imagining of Community N1 - Project Muse KW - nationalism identity migration method: ethnography Israel time discipline futurity Relevance: 1 Anthropology national time temporal ordering imagined futures Shared future Meaning time as symbolic resource critical temporalities Middle East Soviet Union N2 - This article addresses the links between national identity, temporal order, and the re-socialization of migrants. Anchored in an ethnographic account of encounters between Israeli Jews and recent migrants to Israel from the former Soviet Union, it looks at ways in which temporal re-ordering was rendered crucial to the moral transformation required of the newcomers. These encounters reveal not only the ways in which Israeli oldtimers endeavored to persuade the newcomers to bracket off their present circumstances in favour of a shared, imagined future, but also how the newcomers sought to contest the use of the future for making meaning of the present. Finally, the paper examines how a more general argument about the modern state's control over time, and the challenges currently being posed to such control, is worked out in the Israeli case [Israel, Soviet migrants, Israel, nationalism, time, future]. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/anthropological_quarterly/v075/75.1golden.html ID - 89 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Golden, Deborah PY - 2002 TI - Belonging Through Time: Nurturing National Identity Among Newcomers to Israel from the Former Soviet Union SP - 5-24 JF - Time & Society VL - 11 IS - 1 N1 - Belonging Through Time: Nurturing National Identity Among Newcomers to Israel from the Former Soviet Union KW - Nationalism migration Israel shared future shared past inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 1 belonging identity temporal ordering time as symbolic resource shared future time as tool for political legitimation imagined futures Middle East Soviet Union N2 - This article addresses the links between national identity, temporal order, and the re-socialization of migrants. Anchored in an ethnographic account of encounters between Israeli Jews and migrants from the former Soviet Union, it looks at ways in which temporal re-ordering was rendered crucial to the moral transformation required of the newcomers. A close look at these encounters reveals that at the heart of this re-socialization project lay the endeavour to link the lives of the newcomers with the life of the Israeli nation-state by persuading them to bracket off their present circumstances in favour of a shared, imagined, past and future. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/11/1/5.abstract ID - 225 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Golubovic, Zagorka PY - 1989 TI - A Marxist Approach to the Concept of Being/Becoming Human SP - 65-84 JF - Dialectics and Humanism Sum Autumn VL - 89 IS - Summer/Autumn N1 - A Marxist Approach to the Concept of Being/Becoming Human AN - 1221296 N1 - Philosophers Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - marxism continuity over time Philosophy History Relevance: 2 becoming N2 - A reassessment of Marx's key concepts on being/becoming human is offered in light of new philosophical/anthropological thinking. Instead of avoiding philosophical questions it is shown why it is necessary to reconsider "human nature" in terms of a continuity of human existence/experiences, of a universal expression of community life and specific human needs and their satisfaction within varieties of cultures. And also to reaffirm the concept of "history" in terms of a unique human sense of temporality and continuous/cumulative creation, i.e., as a continuation of "historical praxis," adding to this a new elaboration of the dialectics of praxis and alienation in terms of reaffirmation of critical theory of society. UR - not available ID - 185 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gor'ainov, Vladimir PY - 2006 TI - Criteria for progress, reversibility, stagnation, and predictability of social time SP - 3 JF - Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniya VL - 4 SN - 0132-1625 N1 - Criteria for progress, reversibility, stagnation, and predictability of social time AN - WOS:000237405900001 KW - Progress social time Sociology Multiple temporalities Russia Absence of future Relevance: 2 N2 - "Criteria for progress, reversibility, stagnation, and predictability of social time" sets out author's views on the operationalized notion of the social time. In particular, qualitative aspects of the notion are reviewed with regard to its progress, reversibility, stagnation and predictability. The hypothesis is tested as to whether varying groups of a society might actually live under differing social times. Eventual aftereffects of social time stagnation are discussed regarding the case of contemporary Russia. Empirically, the paper makes secondary use of responses to the question asked by VTSIOM pollsters in 1994 through 2004 "Generally speaking, to what degree does the life you lead now satisfy you?" by means of structural phase analysis. UR - http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/9512807 ID - 790 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gordon, Leonid A AU - Klopov, Eduard V PY - 1999 TI - Contemporary sociopolitical transformations within the bounds of social time SP - 4-23 JF - Russian Social Science Review VL - 40 IS - 2 N1 - Contemporary sociopolitical transformations within the bounds of social time KW - social time Sociology Russia social change Democracy Modernization development Relevance: 3 postcommunism N2 - The restructuring of the sociopolitical system of contemporary Russian society will involve a long transitional period. Russian society may not be able to survive the long-term hardship of modernization, and a social explosion may undermine the formation of democratic institutions. The transitional period began with a weakening of the state organization, but now its restoration is necessary to solve the problems of modernization. The widespread use of semidemocratic methods of public management has become necessary for implementing successful social change, but it also contains the threat of a return to a totalitarian regime. The developing situation in Russia, however, indicates that this threat will recede and that the process of democratization will proceed. UR - http://mesharpe.metapress.com/link.asp?id=q0v28247680803x6 ID - 816 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gordy, Michael PY - 1983 TI - Reading Althusser: Time and the Social Whole SP - 1-21 JF - History and Theory VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 00182656 N1 - Reading Althusser: Time and the Social Whole KW - Althusser history Philosophy Political philosophy marxism historical time Hegel Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: The works of Louis Althusser have influenced political and theoretical debates in Europe for several decades but have remained comparatively untouched by American political philosophers and historians. Perhaps because their style is polemical and frequently obscure, or perhaps because they present a political as well as an intellectual challenge, his views have not been as widely nor as deeply discussed as they deserve to be. This essay is a preliminary response to that problem. I shall try to reconstruct elements of Althusser's writings to capture the force of his arguments regarding the Marxist view of the social whole and the concept of historical time with which it is allied. Accordingly, this paper is both an exposition of Althusser's point of view and an Althusserian account of Marx. In it I hope to show some of the political and theoretical implications of his position. According to Althusser the Marxist conception of society did not arise out of a vacuum but developed from a critique of and break from all previous conceptions of the social whole. His analysis of Marx's conception therefore demands an elaboration of the specific difference between Marx and his predecessors, the most important of whom was Hegel. I This demand is what first requires our attention UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2505233 ID - 674 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gorn, Cathy PY - 1993 TI - Geography in History: People, Places, Time SP - 30-41 JF - OAH Magazine of History VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 0882228X N1 - Geography in History: People, Places, Time KW - education history Geography time and space Relevance: 4 commemorative events change over time N2 - National history day, which occurs annually in June, is the culmination of a series of contests at successively higher levels. Throughout the school year, students engage in extensive research of primary sources in order to prepare papers, projects, performances, and media presen tations based on a historical theme. Themes are broad enough in scope to encour age investigation of topics ranging from family and community to world history. This year, National History Day investigates the role of geography in history. To understand the historical importance of their topics, students must ask questions of time and place, cause and effect, change over time, and impact and significance. They must ask not only when did events happen, but why did they happen? What factors contributed to their development? What was the impact or last ing influence in history? How did this topic change the course of events? What effect did it have on a community, society, nation and/or the world (politically, socially, cul turally and economically)? Students must also ask a crucial question related to this year's theme: "Why at this particular time and place?" UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/25162888 ID - 581 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gosden, Christopher PY - 1994 BT - Social Being and Time CY - Oxford PB - Wiley-Blackwell N1 - Social Being and Time KW - archaeology social time deep time materiality landscape social change action Method: case study Relevance: 2 heritage sites Monuments N2 - The nature of time is one of the continuing mysteries of human life. This is of particular relevance to archaeology with its unique focus on the social development of the human species from its origins to the present.Christopher Gosden probes the way in which the rhythms of social life derive from our involvement in the world, particularly as those rhythms unfold over many thousands of years. The author argues that time is created through the social use of material things such as landscapes, settlements and monuments, and illustrates this with case studies drawn from Europe and the Pacific.The book provides a theory of social change and social being as the basis for understanding social formations over long periods of time. In developing this theory the author surveys ideas on human action and time as these have evolved over the last two centuries. Although the theory is designed and presented here to be of practical use in interpreting archaeological data - exemplified here in case studies - the broad scope of the book will ensure its interest to all concerned with the interactions between people and the material world. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=Kz5iQgAACAAJ ID - 694 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gotved, Stine PY - 2006 TI - Time and space in cyber social reality SP - 467-486 JF - New Media & Society VL - 8 IS - 3 N1 - Time and space in cyber social reality N1 - 10.1177/1461444806064484 KW - online communities Media time and space review article Sociology Methodology Method: ethnography Relevance: 2 The internet N2 - This article synthesizes a range of sociological views on time and space, and presents a departure point for future research on cyber social reality. Using basic sociological categories of culture, structure, and interaction, the cyber social reality is drawn into a matrix that further illustrates the embeddedness in technology, time, and space. The matrix is a theoretically and empirically grounded tool for exploring, describing, analyzing, and comparing the variety existing within online communities and communication. In the article, the matrix is illustrated step by step to show its inherent dimensions, and in conclusion it is proposed to be a useful systematic for, on the one hand, ensuring ethnographically thick descriptions of online social life, and on the other, comparing the various reality constructions found. UR - http://nms.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/8/3/467 ID - 751 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gould, Stephen Jay PY - 1987 BT - Time’s Arrow, Time’s Cycle: Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Harvard University Press N1 - Time’s Arrow, Time’s Cycle: Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time KW - geology deep time evolution Temporality of academic work methodology narrative historical time cyclical time Perception of time Relevance: 3 sacred time changing perceptions of time Deep time history of changing perceptions of time linear time N2 - Rarely has a scholar attained such popular acclaim merely by doing what he does best and enjoys most. But such is Stephen Jay Gould's command of paleontology and evolutionary theory, and his gift for brilliant explication, that he has brought dust and dead bones to life, and developed an immense following for the seeming arcana of this field.In Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle his subject is nothing less than geology's signal contribution to human thought--the discovery of "deep time," the vastness of earth's history, a history so ancient that we can comprehend it only as metaphor. He follows a single thread through three documents that mark the transition in our thinking from thousands to billions of years: Thomas Burnet's four-volume Sacred Theory of the Earth (1680-1690), James Hutton's Theory of the Earth (1795), and Charles Lyell's three-volume Principles of Geology (1830-1833). Gould's major theme is the role of metaphor in the formulation and testing of scientific theories--in this case the insight provided by the oldest traditional dichotomy of Judeo-Christian thought: the directionality of time's arrow or the immanence of time's cycle. Gould follows these metaphors through these three great documents and shows how their influence, more than the empirical observation of rocks in the field, provoked the supposed discovery of deep time by Hutton and Lyell. Gould breaks through the traditional "cardboard" history of geological textbooks (the progressive march to truth inspired by more and better observations) by showing that Burnet, the villain of conventional accounts, was a rationalist (not a theologically driven miracle-monger) whose rich reconstruction of earth history emphasized the need for both time's arrow (narrative history) and time's cycle (immanent laws), while Hutton and Lyell, our traditional heroes, denied the richness of history by their exclusive focus upon time's Arrow. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=UeGXJ5b8Ph0C ID - 2028 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grace, Helen PY - 2007 TI - Monuments and the face of time: distortions of scale and asynchrony in postcolonial Hong Kong SP - 467-483 JF - Postcolonial Studies VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1368-8790 N1 - Monuments and the face of time: distortions of scale and asynchrony in postcolonial Hong Kong KW - monuments Asynchrony Hong Kong China Postcolonialism Materiality heritage media Visuality Democracy Collective memory Past in the present Activism Forgetting time and space relevance: 2 heritage sites political time The internet N2 - This essay examines the theme of monuments and monumentality in Hong Kong by focusing on the proliferation of images of the Star Ferry terminal and clock tower prior to its demolition and the circulation of these images via on-line image-sharing sites. I am especially interested in the act of photography under these circumstances and what it might mean for a consideration of participatory democracy in a postcolonial context. More generally there is the question of what role the image plays in constituting historical memory in an embodied sense – especially in a city that is characterized in many ways as image. My essay examines the extent to which historical memory of colonial experiences is still in part materially constitutive of Hong Kong's postcolonial consciousness – and this is registered in community activism around the preservation of sites marked for demolition. What this activism produces is what I will call a spectral monumentality, a bringing into existence of invisible monuments – in this case, the memories of demolished structures which survive in an embodied form, supported by miniature images in the digital photographs uploaded and shared on internet sites, and small, publicly available documentary movies posted on YouTube. To think in greater detail about the meaning of the ‘spectral monument’, I draw upon Wu Hung's discussion of ‘political space’, not simply as a conceptual sphere of public discourse or a physical space where public events occur, but rather as the architectonic embodiment of political ideology and a site for activating political action and expression. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13688790701621441 ID - 631 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grand, Ian J. PY - 1999 TI - Cultural identities and practices of community SP - 475-485 JF - Futures VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0016-3287 N1 - Cultural identities and practices of community M3 - 10.1016/s0016-3287(99)00007-5 KW - identity Shared future cultural variants of time in/commensurability between times cultural diversity social coordination The future Tradition Relevance: 2 invention of tradition non-homogeneous community future studies N2 - How can people from different cultures collaborate effectively? How can we imagine joint futures when we come from radically different background? Is cultural diversity an asset or a hindrance to effective collaboration? Is celebrating cultural diversity enough? This essay explores these questions by discussing the problems of convergence and diversity in communities as they relate to possible futures. It examines some examples of successful collaborative ventures, raises numerous problems and questions, and suggests that cultures always reinvent traditions. We can learn to practice community if we learn to practice difference. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V65-3W7XBBH-6/2/463f490cde89b9ea74f2c6e92be522d7 ID - 971 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Green, Judith PY - 1996 TI - Time and space revisited: the creation of community in single-handed British general practice SP - 85-94 JF - Health & Place VL - 2 IS - 2 SN - 1353-8292 N1 - Time and space revisited: the creation of community in single-handed British general practice M3 - Doi: 10.1016/1353-8292(96)00005-6 N1 - Google Scholar KW - method: Interviews community health past in the present health care U.K. conceptions of time organisational temporalities perception of time Relevance: 1 N2 - This paper uses data from in-depth interviews with general practitioners in one area of south London to explore how a group of single-handed general practitioners construct space, time and the locality within which they practice. An examination of how [`]community' is created in the rhetoric of general practitioners suggests some reasons for the continued existence of single-handed practice, despite its heralded demise in Britain. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1353829296000056 ID - 123 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Green, Nicola PY - 2002 TI - On the Move: Technology, Mobility, and the Mediation of Social Time and Space SP - 281-292 JF - The Information Society: An International Journal VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 0197-2243 N1 - On the Move: Technology, Mobility, and the Mediation of Social Time and Space KW - Technology Mobility across communities mediation social time information Technology Sociology Communication changing perceptions of time organisational temporalities online communities time as missing element Method: ethnography time and space Critique of discipline social Change action Clock time Families labour time public and private time Relevance: 2 The internet N2 - The current explosion in mobile computing and telecommunications technologies holds the potential to transform "everyday" time and space, as well as changes to the rhythms of social institutions. Sociologists are only just beginning to explore what the notion of "mobility" might mean when mediated through computing and communications technologies, and so far, the sociological treatment has been largely theoretical. This article seeks instead to explore how a number of dimensions of time and space are being newly reconstructed through the use of mobile communications technologies in everyday life. The article draws on long-term ethnographic research entitled "The Socio-Technical Shaping of Mobile Multimedia Personal Communications," conducted at the University of Surrey. This research has involved ethnographic fieldwork conducted in a variety of locales and with a number of groups. This research is used here as a resource to explore how mobile communications technologies mediate time in relation to mobile spaces. First the paper offers a review and critique of some of the major sociological approaches to understanding time and space. This review entails a discussion of how social practices and institutions are maintained and/or transformed via mobile technologies. Ethnographic data is used to explore emerging mobile temporalities. Three interconnected domains in mobile time are proposed: rhythms of mobile use, rhythms of mobile use in everyday life, and rhythms of mobility and institutional change. The article argues that while these mobile temporalities are emerging, and offer new ways of acting in and perceiving time and space, the practical construction of mobile time in everyday life remains firmly connected to well-established time-based social practices, whether these be institutional (such as clock time, "work time") or subjective (such as "family time"). UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/01972240290075129 ID - 667 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Greenhouse, Carol J. PY - 1989 TI - Just in Time: Temporality and the Cultural Legitimation of Law SP - 1631-1651 JF - The Yale Law Journal VL - 98 IS - 8 N1 - Just in Time: Temporality and the Cultural Legitimation of Law KW - Law Social time Anthropology time as natural linear time relevance: 2 time as tool for political legitimation organisational temporalities history time as all encompassing Meaning time as symbolic resource N2 - This Article is about the relationship between cultural conceptions of time-"social time" and the organization and management of legal institutions. As an idea, time has profound consequences in its capacity to encode and systematize otherwise disparate and unreferenced events and relationships. Concepts of time vary widely around the world, and Western ideas about time - including the conventional formulation that time moves in a straight line from past to present, through one's own life-time-acquired shape and force entirely a part from the scientific "discovery" of time.' This Article focuses on particular on Western ideas about time, and, even more particularly, on the ways in which temporality suffuses popular understandings of law. Specifically, after some preliminary ethnological and historical discussion, it offers an analysis of the ways in which specific indeterminacies in Western notions of time are worked out in the legal context. Its central thesis is that temporality and legality are conceptually fused in the West through their mutual implications of a total order in relation to which social life acquires meaning. UR - http://www.jstor.org/pss/796609 ID - 427 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Greenhouse, Carol J. PY - 1996 BT - A Moment's Notice: Time Politics across Cultures CY - Ithaca and London PB - Cornell University Press N1 - A Moment's Notice: Time Politics across Cultures KW - Anthropology politics Relevance: 1 Law Multiple temporalities Method: ethnography political time time as tool for political legitimation time as tool for managing percieved threats time as symbolic resource Postmodernism temporal conflict Modernity agency power China Latin America Mexico social time USA identity non-homogeneous community inclusion/exclusion cultural variants of time critique of discipline cultural diversity N2 - From the Back Cover: Focusing on the problem of time - the paradox of time's apparent universality and cultural relativity - Carol J. Greenhouse develops an original ethnographic account of our present moment, the much-heralded postmodern condition, which is at the same time a reflexive analysis of ethnography itself. She argues that time is about agency and accountability, and that representations of time are used by institutions of law, politics, and scholarship to selectively refashion popular ideas of agency into paradigms of institutional legitimacy. A Moment's Notice suggest that the problem of time in theory is the corollary of problems of power in practice. Greenhouse develops her theory in examinations of three moments of cultural and political crisis: the resistance of the Aztecs against Cortes, the consolidation of China's First Empire, and the recent partisan political contests over Supreme Court nominees in the United States. In each of these cases, temporal innovation is integral to political improvisation, as traditions of sovereignty confront new cultural challenges. These cases return the discussion to current issues of inequality, postmodernity, cultural pluralism, and ethnography. In A Moment's Notice, Greenhouse is concerned with how time is publicly constructed in different contexts, and the related question of symbols and how they work. Greenhouse observes that time represents diverse logics of cultural and social management, and argues that social time has no reality apart from claims of legitimacy and accountability. Examining Ancient China, Aztec Mexico, and the contemporary United States, she focuses on how negotiable time concepts are in the institutional contexts in which those negotiations are embedded by dwelling on both the relevance of the institutional contexts of time negotiations and the implications of the fact that representations of time inevitable concern multiple temporal and social orders. Indeed, she believes that temporality is most successfully deployed as a matrix of political improvisation in contexts where challenges to authority are perceived to come in the form of diversity (Greenhouse 1996: 175). http://www.indiana.edu/~wanthro/greenhouse.htm UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=ott249Z3f6IC ID - 428 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Gregory, Derek PY - 1989 BT - Social Theory of Modern Societies: Anthony Giddens and His Critics ED - Held, David ED - Thompson, John B. CT - Presences and Absences: Time-space Relations and Structuration Theory CY - Cambridge PB - Cambridge University Press SP - 185–214 N1 - Presences and Absences: Time-space Relations and Structuration Theory KW - Sociology social theory Giddens Methodology networks Relevance: 3 Social structure N2 - In this chapter I consider the incorporation of time–space relations within structuration theory: the way in which Giddens conceives of what he calls the time–space constitution of social life. There are obvious dangers in disentangling one thread from such a dense and developing argument, and so I want to begin by putting some limits around my own discussion. A number of commentators are evidently uncomfortable about the status of structuration theory. They claim that its first formulations were pitched at forbidding heights of abstraction, whereas its later arguments have moved towards a more concrete terrain. In consequence, they say, it has become difficult to determine the scope of structuration theory with any precision. In my view, however, it makes most sense to treat Giddens' writings as a research programme developed through a continuous dialogue between the theoretical and the empirical. The term derives from Lakatos, of course, but I use it in a somewhat different sense because Giddens's project is not linear: one proposition does not succeed another in a unidimensional, unidirectional sequence. What I have in mind is closer to Hesse's network model of science. Structuration theory then appears as a loose-knit web of propositions, some more central than others, some spun more tightly than others. In contradistinction to networks in the natural sciences, structuration theory is clearly not directed towards the discovery of ‘laws’; but, as Hesse suggests more generally, its development has been determined – though less formally than some of its critics seem to think – by both coherence rules (relating to the structure of the network) and correspondence rules (relating to empirical observations). UR - http://ebooks.cambridge.org/chapter.jsf?bid=CBO9780511557699&cid=CBO9780511557699A017 ID - 1024 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Griffen, Larry J. PY - 1992 TI - Temporality, Events, and Explanation in Historical Sociology: An Introduction SP - 403-427 JF - Sociological Methods & Research VL - 20 N1 - Temporality, Events, and Explanation in Historical Sociology: An Introduction N1 - Course outline - A Mische KW - events Sociology history Methodology temporality of academic work time as symbolic resource time as context Method: dynamic rather than static narrative Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: Given this diversity, there is no single response to the question, 'how do historical sociologists use time in their explanations?' but there is a prevalent and, by now, fairly established way in which time is incorporated into explanation. It largely construces time to be the temporal context in which social processes take place and, as Sewell (1991) explains, does indeed serve a metaphorical 'experimental' role in historical sociology. I use the understanding and explanatory purpose of 'time-as-context' as a vehicle both the explore briefly the main analytic distinction between historical sociology and nonhistorical sociology and as the backdrop for the discussion of narrative or 'evenemental' temporality. UR - http://smr.sagepub.com/content/20/4/403.full.pdf+html ID - 560 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gross, David PY - 1981-2) TI - Time, Space and Modern Culture SP - 59-78 JF - Telos VL - 50 N1 - Time, Space and Modern Culture KW - modernity time and space Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - http://www.telospress.com/main/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=3_4&products_id=181 ID - 2031 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gross, David PY - 1982 TI - Time-Space Relations in Giddens' Social Theory SP - 83-88 JF - Theory, Culture & Society VL - 1 IS - 2 N1 - Time-Space Relations in Giddens' Social Theory N1 - 10.1177/026327648200100208 KW - Giddens social theory Sociology time and space social time time as missing element national time organisational temporalities power individual time Critical temporalities orientation within time deep time memory meaning Relevance: 2 Functionalism Structuralism N2 - not available - from the text: In his last two books, Central Problems In Social Theory and A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Giddens has brought what he calls &dquo;time-space relations&dquo; into the centre of his discussion of modern social theory. By this term he means the temporal and spatial dimensions of life which, in his opinion, are essential components of all social behaviour. They are said to be essential not just because they provide a backdrop to events, but because they are constitutive elements of all social action and interaction. According to Giddens, much recent sociological theory (particularly functionalism and structuralism) has systematically excluded time-space relations from serious consideration. The result has been a widespread misunderstanding of certain aspects of social life due to the misperception or outright neglect of these two integral aspects of social experience... Giddens deserves a great deal of credit for raising these important issues. But in my view he Incorrectly addresses the whole topic of time-space relations, and as a result Inaccurately evaluates their importance for contemporary social life... In my view, then, there are not three but two time senses in modern society: state (or institutional) time at the top which claims to be absolute, universal, total, and which has as one of its goals the accumulation of power; and individual time, which is personal, quotidian, limited, and relatively lacking in power (though, for its part, it is a time which is &dquo;felt&dquo; and lived qualitatively). This two tiered sense of time is dangerous because whenever Individuals want to orient themselves to something long-term, they find very little in themselves or in the culture to fall back upon, since the everyday and the personal have been stripped of real social and political significance. Instead, one is increasingly forced to turn to the state or similar institutions to gain access to supra-individual or long-range meanings or memories. UR - http://tcs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/1/2/83 ID - 772 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gross, David PY - 1985 TI - Temporality and the Modern State SP - 53-82 JF - Theory and Society VL - 14 IS - 1 N1 - Temporality and the Modern State M3 - 10.1007/BF00160928 KW - Relevance: 2 politics time as tool for political legitimation national time social time temporal conflict organisational temporalities history capitalism political time time as natural Multiple temporalities Critical temporalities time as tool for managing percieved threats changing perceptions of time meaning continuity over time N2 - Not available - quote from the text: Nevertheless, it must be emphasized that as things now stand no state has reached, nor is it soon likely to reach, the point where it can comfortably abandon temporality altogether as a source of legitimacy. Even the most technocratic states today still rely on continuity and the 'meaning systems' of the past in order to extract a measure of allegiance from their constituencies. Though a concern with history and time may not seem as important to state administrators as it once did, the value of temporal rationales nevertheless remains indispensable. This is particularly true in periods of crisis when state managers and ideologues feel compelled to resuscitate powerful memories of the genealogy of the state, or of the state's place in time, in order to strengthen their authority. In cases such as these, a politics of time is invaluable for at least formally authorizing the existence or role of the state in modern society. UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/xg66081k31521130/ ID - 429 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grossman, Lawrence S. PY - 1984 TI - Collecting Time-Use Data in Third-World Rural Communities SP - 444-454 JF - Professional Geographer VL - 36 IS - 4 SN - 0033-0124 N1 - Collecting Time-Use Data in Third-World Rural Communities AN - ISI:A1984TR56700005 KW - method: time-use data Geography Rural communities Methodology time use time allocation Anthropology Relevance: 3 N2 - To collect time-use data in Third World rural areas, researchers should use broad-focus studies that provide adequate coverage throughout the year and employ direct observation of activities. Various methods used by geographers to obtain time expenditure information are examined in relation to these criteria; certain weaknesses are discussed. An alternative method developed by Allen Johnson, an anthropologist, has particular advantages for geographers because it facilitates mapping spatial patterns of time use, calculating average distances traveled to activities, and computing time spent on movement. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0033-0124.1984.00444.x/abstract ID - 838 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Grosz, Elizabeth PY - 2004 BT - The Nick of Time: Politics, Evolution and the Untimely CY - Crows Nest PB - Allen and Unwin N1 - The Nick of Time: Politics, Evolution and the Untimely KW - philosophy Biology Bergson nietzsche Deleuze Grosz Irigaray Darwin evolution becoming non-linear time politics ontology metaphysics Social theory Relevance: 2 Untimely time as missing element political time Biological time contradictory present presence critical temporalities N2 - In this path-breaking philosophical work, Elizabeth Grosz points the way toward a theory of becoming to replace the prevailing ontologies of being in social, political, and biological discourse. Arguing that theories of temporality have significant and underappreciated relevance to the social dimensions of science and the political dimensions of struggle, Grosz engages key theoretical concerns related to the reality of time. She explores the effect of time on the organization of matter and the emergence and development of biological life. Considering how the relentless forward movement of time might be conceived in political and social terms, she begins to formulate a model of time that incorporates the future and its capacity to supercede and transform the past and present. Grosz develops her argument by juxtaposing the work of three major figures in western thought: Charles Darwin, Friedrich Nietzche, and Henri Bergson. She reveals that in theorizing time as an active, positive phenomenon with its own characteristics and specific effects, each of these thinkers had a profound effect on contemporary understandings of the body in relation to time. She shows how their allied concepts of life, evolution, and becoming are manifest in the work of Gilles Deleuze and Luce Irigaray. Throughout The Nick of Time, Grosz emphasizes the political and cultural imperative to fundamentally rethink time: the more clearly we understand our temporal location as beings straddling the past and the future without the security of a stable and abiding present, the more transformation becomes conceivable. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=feR5UWpCA5cC ID - 432 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Grosz, Elizabeth PY - 2005 BT - Time Travels: Feminism, Nature, Power CY - Crows Nest PB - Allen and Unwin N1 - Time Travels: Feminism, Nature, Power KW - feminism law politics Sexuality power cultural studies Social theory futurity method: dynamic rather than static Darwin biology Bergson Deleuze William James Merleau-Ponty identity Relevance: 2 feminist theory Grosz time as missing element political time critical temporalities philosophy continental Philosophy phenomenology Irigaray nietzsche Foucault N2 - While concepts of time underlie many of the central projects of feminist theory, law and justice, and the natural sciences as well as ideas about political struggle, temporality is rarely their direct object of analysis. In her essays brought together in this volume, Elizabeth Grosz moves questions about time and duration to the fore in order to explore how rethinking temporality might transform and revitalize key scholarly and political projects. Dealing with time in relation to topics ranging from female sexuality to conceptions of power to understandings of cultural studies, these essays reveal Grosz's advocacy of a politics of invention, a politics that cannot be mapped out in advance--one that is more invested in processes than in results. Grosz's reflections on how rethinking time might generate new understandings of nature, culture, subjectivity, and politics are wide-ranging. She moves from a compelling argument that Charles Darwin's notion of biological and cultural evolution can potentially benefit feminist, queer, and antiracist agendas to an exploration of modern jurisprudence's reliance on the sense that the future is always beyond reach. She examines Henri Bergson's philosophy of duration in light of the writings of Gilles Deleuze, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and William James, and she discusses issues of sexual difference, identity, pleasure, and desire in relation to the thought of Friedrich Nietzsche, Michel Foucault, Deleuze, and Luce Irigaray. Together, these essays demonstrate the broad scope and applicability of Grosz's thinking about time as an under-theorized but uniquely productive force. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=IaEzh0L5W4oC ID - 433 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Grunebaum-Ralph, Heidi PY - 2001 TI - Re-Placing Pasts, Forgetting Presents: Narrative, Place, and Memory in the Time of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission SP - 198-212 JF - Research in African Literatures VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 00345210 N1 - Re-Placing Pasts, Forgetting Presents: Narrative, Place, and Memory in the Time of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission KW - Democracy nationalism South Africa Africa Forgiveness Trauma homogenising present narrative Collective memory Shared past Memory identity Critical temporalities history inclusion/exclusion heritage sites ethics Place Relevance: 2 N2 - Not available - from the text: As a cornerstone of the new South African democracy's project of nation-building, the TRC has, of course, mediated and framed individual trauma rooted in individual bodies in ways that subsume the individual into a homogenous and disembodied narrative of collectivity.2 This collectivity has been framed in terms of a common collective memory and instrumentalized in the name of the "new nation." Not surprisingly, the individual recounting of suffering and media representations of these accounts in service of "nation-building" have put into sharp relief the conflicting interests of individuals who have testified and the overarching operations of the TRC as a state institution mostly to the detriment of individual witnesses. And yet the TRC has succeeded (sometimes despite itself),3 in initiating a public dialogue with the ongoing effects of a traumatic past. For better and, in many instances, for worse, the TRC has altered lives in profound and unexpected ways... It is important to state, however, that as much as this paper seeks to explore how, in representations of the histories of places and life-stories, disruptive or inassimilable memories become excluded, it is not intended as a criticism of the important pedagogic and memorial functions of "new" heritage sites such as Robben Island. Nor does this reading attempt to challenge the powerful historical and moral realities that are symbolized in representations of these sites and to which they attest. It is my contention that for this critique to have ethical integrity in the context of a new and hard-won democracy it is imperative to acknowledge that there is an important place for the heroic narratives of sacrifice, liberation, triumph, and redemption. What is the aim of these speculations? First, the unpacking of the reciprocal relationship between narrative, memory, and place might make visible the processes by which the individual life story becomes a metonymy for the collective, in this instance, the "nation" where the memory and history of the individual are constructed as the collective memory and public history of a nation...Second, when the site on which an occurrence quite literally takes place becomes cognitively and discursively linked to the recollection and recounting of that occurrence, a reciprocal stabilization occurs UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3820432 ID - 572 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guenther, Lisa PY - 2008 TI - Being-from-others: Reading Heidegger after Cavarero SP - 99-118 JF - Hypatia VL - 23 IS - 1 N1 - Being-from-others: Reading Heidegger after Cavarero KW - Philosophy Continental Philosophy Heidegger ontology natality Relevance: 3 Affect inheritance the gift N2 - Drawing on Adriana Cavarero’s account of natality, Guenther argues that Martin Heidegger overlooks the distinct ontological and ethical significance of birth as a limit that orients one toward an other who resists appropriation, even while handing down a heritage of possibilities that one can—and must—make one’s own. Guenther calls this structure of natality Being-from-others, modifying Heidegger’s language of inheritance to suggest an ethical understanding of existence as the gift of the other. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2008.tb01167.x/full ID - 434 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Guenther, Lisa PY - 2011 TI - Shame and the temporality of social life SP - 23-39 JF - Continental Philosophy Review VL - 44 IS - 1 N1 - Shame and the temporality of social life M3 - DOI: 10.1007/s11007-011-9164-y KW - Philosophy Continental Philosophy Levinas Beauvoir Sartre Intersubjectivity Shame social time Relevance: 2 Affect normativity inclusion/exclusion ethics non-homogeneous community phenomenology Gender N2 - Shame is notoriously ambivalent. On one hand, it operates as a mechanism of normalization and social exclusion, installing or reinforcing patterns of silence and invisibility; on the other hand, the capacity for shame may be indispensible for ethical life insofar as it attests to the subject’s constitutive relationality and its openness to the provocation of others. Sartre, Levinas and Beauvoir each offer phenomenological analyses of shame in which its basic structure emerges as a feeling of being exposed to others and bound to one’s own identity. For Sartre, shame is an ontological provocation, constitutive of subjectivity as a being-for-Others. For Levinas, ontological shame takes the form of an inability to escape one’s own relation to being; this predicament is altered by the ethical provocation of an Other who puts my freedom in question and commands me to justify myself. For Beauvoir, shame is an effect of oppression, both for the woman whose embodied existence is marked as shameful, and for the beneficiary of colonial domination who feels ashamed of her privilege. For each thinker, shame articulates the temporality of social life in both its promise and its danger. UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/k6211426q51v2w36/ ID - 435 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Gurvitch, Georges PY - 1964 BT - The Spectrum of Social Time CY - Dordrecht PB - D. Reidel N1 - The Spectrum of Social Time KW - sociology Multiple temporalities social time Relevance: 2 coordinating between different times temporal conflict social structure N2 - The Spectrum of Social Time takes on special significance both in terms of its subject matter and as an introduction to Gurvitch's general theoretical framework. In this work he applies his depth level analysis to social time and brings into clear focus its multi-faceted aspects, the relation of these aspects to various social phenomena and their social frameworks. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dVBoRh77mwAC ID - 327 ER - TY - THES AU - Guston, Judith Marla PY - 1999 TI - The almanacs of Michael Gratz: time, community and Jewish identity in eighteenth century Philadelphia PB - University of Delaware, Winterthur Program in Early American Culture M1 - MA N1 - The almanacs of Michael Gratz: time, community and Jewish identity in eighteenth century Philadelphia N1 - Google Scholar KW - Judaism Scheduling USA history identity calendars social cohesion Cultural diversity Materiality hybrid identity social time time as symbolic resource Relevance: 1 archives Method: archives N2 - There is a paucity of scholarship addressing the material life of 18th C American Jews, in part becaue there is little extant material from this period that can be identified as specifically Jewish. Many of the objects that do survive appear to be similar to those owned and used wtihin the broader culture. Some scholars have described Jewish identity in the period as eitehr wholly assimilative or as divided into privately expressed and publicly hidden Jewishness. This thesis examines two pocket almanacs, one for the year 1777 and the other for 1779, that contain the annotation of Michael Gratz (1740-1811), a Jewish merchant in Philadephia. Prominent among the inscriptions in the 1777 almanac is a Hebrew calendar. The 1779 almanac, absent a Herbrew calendar, invokes the question of assimilation. The thesis finds that the almanacs provide a means of interpreting identity through material culture. The discussion traces the nexus of relationships, both material and historic, implied by the almanacs and their annotations to address the relationship of the calendar to Gratz's expression of Jewish identity. The almanacs and their calendars can also be contextualised in the broader culture of the period. Based on such an examination, the thesis describes Gratz's expression of identity as one that is porous, or simultaneously, expressive of two cultures. It also finds that this porosity was not a constrct unique to Jews in the 18th C, but, as other American calendars of the period suggest, was a temporal and cultural experience familiar to nearly all Americans. The expression of Jewish identity through a temporal construct manifest materially in teh calendar was, therefore, a declaration of identity that could be understood by Jews and non-Jews alike. UR - not available ID - 126 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Hage, Ghassan PY - 2001 BT - "Race" panic and the memory of migration ED - Morris, Meaghan ED - Bary, Brett de CT - Polluting Memories: Migration and Colonial Responsibility in Australia CY - Aberdeen, Hong Kong PB - Hong Kong University Press SP - 333-362 N1 - Polluting Memories: Migration and Colonial Responsibility in Australia KW - Colonialism Migration Australia Past in the present Race Memory temporally extended responsibilities nationalism Responsibility Belonging inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Asynchrony N2 - not available - from the text: In this article, I review some of the issues concerning national memory and national responsibility that have arisen in this debate and examine the way notions of participation and national belonging implicitly or explicitly underlie them. I then move to examine the way post-war migrant participation and responsibility has been conceved within this debate [Stolen Generations debate], particularly the question of why and how migrants from non-English speaking backgrounds should should some responsibility for what happened at a time when neither they nor their ancestors lived in Australia. I will critically examine the answers given to this question and the way they can help us reformulate our conceptions of the meaning and significant of participatory belonging. abstract for the book: The eighteen original essays in this volume--nine of which have been translated into English for the first time--explore the complex relations between violence, historical memory, and the production of "ethnicity" and "race." UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=7uEUL374LQgC ID - 1011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hägerstrand, Torsten PY - 1970 TI - What about people in Regional Science? SP - 6-21 JF - Papers in Regional Science VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 1056-8190 N1 - What about people in Regional Science? M3 - 10.1007/bf01936872 KW - time as missing element action Sociology critique of discipline Migration identity time and space social coordination time allocation time use Trajectories time geography methodology Relevance: 2 N2 - "Historically, social scientists studying the effects of space on human behavior tended to treat time as an external factor, something that is relevant to understanding a given phenomenon, but not essential. Activity choices were seen being made in the context of distance alone, such as with the gravity model, and often these decisions were seen in an aggregate sense, with individual decisions viewed as minor variations of those of larger zonal-based groups. Torsten Hägerstrand's paper, What about People in Regional Science? published in 1970, challenged such long-held beliefs. Having spent many years researching human migration patterns, he was convinced that the study of human beings as groups and aggregate populations masked the true nature of human patterns of movement. "It was primitive economics to assume that banks should worry about the identity of coins," he noted. "Is it advanced or primitive social science to disregard the identity of people over time in the same fashion?" While he felt that social scientists should "leave it to the historian[s] to concern [themselves] with biographies of sample individuals," he believed that an understanding of disaggregate spatial behavior was paramount. Along with using the individual human as the unit of study, Hägerstrand also emphasized the importance of time in human activity. "Time has a critical importance when it comes to fitting people and things together for functioning in socio-economic systems," he noted. Hence, a given location may be near an individual, but if a person cannot allocate enough time to travel to it, spatial proximity alone will not be enough to allow the person to visit it. Hägerstrand came up with the concept of a space-time path to illustrate how a person navigates his or her way through the spatial-temporal environment. The physical area around a given individual is reduced to a two-dimensional plane, on which his or her location and destination are represented as zero-dimensional points. Time is represented by the vertical axis, creating a three-dimensional "aquarium" representing a specific portion of space-time. The path of a stationary individual will appear as a vertical line between the starting and ending times, and a specific location (or "station") will trace a vertical "tube" in the same manner. If an individual moves between two stations over a period of time at a constant speed, it will draw a sloped line in the three-dimensional space-time between the two tubes. The faster an individual travels, the sooner he or she will reach the destination, and the more sloped the line will be." from http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/29 UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01936872 ID - 857 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Hägerstrand, Torsten PY - 1975 BT - Dynamic allocation of urban space ED - Karlqvist, Anders ED - Lundqvist, Lars ED - Snickars, Folke CT - Space, time and human conditions CY - Lexington PB - Saxon House & Lexington Books N1 - Space, time and human conditions KW - Geography Urban communities Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 858 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hägerstrand, Torsten PY - 1982 TI - Diorama, Path and Project SP - 323-339 JF - Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie VL - 73 IS - 6 SN - 1467-9663 N1 - 10.1111/j.1467-9663.1982.tb01647.x N1 - Diorama, Path and Project KW - time-geography human Geography Geography social structure Methodology Agency normativity action economics method: dynamic rather than static Relevance: 3 Anthropology N2 - Not available - from the text: In his 1976 essay on “Human Geography in Terms of Existential Anthropology”, Christiaan Van Paassen gave me homework to do which has remained a source of concern ever since. Those familiar with the writings of Allan Pred, or with occasional translations of my own speculations, know that path and project are two of the fundamental concepts of time-geography. Having reviewed this and related ideas, Van Paassen felt compelled to ask: “Are projects autonomous? Do they originate independently from a situation?” These questions arose, I think, because in most empirical studies made within the frame of time-geography, the projects tested in given environments were selected a priori by the investigators. This procedure was deliberately chosen in order to challenge the assumption, which is widespread among economists and often applied in planning, that observed behaviour reflects free choice guided by preferences and thus can be taken as norms. In order to elucidate the ‘autonomy of action’ (cf. Burns 1979), observed behaviour is not satisfactory. The use of hypothetical projects instead seemed to be a means of getting away from the behavioural delusion. This choice of approach-which I still think is a helpful one was never considered as being more than one in the range of possibilities inherent in timegeographic thinking. Seen in the wider perspective, the real-world generation of projects is clearly a fundamental issue. But it is also exceedingly difficult to cope with. I think Van Paassen sees geography in general as the study of ‘situational ecology’, a formulation which has very much guided my own thoughts since I first became aware of it in the beginning of the sixties. The problem of the relation between situation and project is clearly a central part of a situational ecology. It is a central problem also in time-geography as one can imply from the way in which the two concepts of path and project ought to be understood. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1982.tb01647.x ID - 860 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Hägerstrand, Torsten PY - 1988 BT - The Formulation of Time Preferences in a Multidisciplinary Perspective ED - Kirsch, Guy ED - Nijkamp, Peter ED - Zimmermann, Klaus CT - Time and Culture CY - Brookfield, VT PB - Gower SP - 33-42 N1 - Time and Culture KW - Geography social time time preference consumerism economics Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=qIUeAQAAIAAJ ID - 862 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hałas, Elżbieta PY - 2008 TI - Issues of Social Memory and their Challenges in the Global Age SP - 103-118 JF - Time & Society VL - 17 IS - 1 N1 - Issues of Social Memory and their Challenges in the Global Age N1 - 10.1177/0961463X07086305 KW - Memory Collective memory globalisation social time Changing perceptions of time temporal conflict time as symbolic resource Postcommunism Poland Europe Relevance: 2 global present history of changing perceptions of time Critical temporalities N2 - The social experience of time is investigated in connection with the transformation of global power relations expressed symbolically. Collective memory in postmodernity is featured as a temporal distinctiveness of the global age. Consequently, problems of the politics of memory, followed by conflicts of memory come to the fore. Symptomatic for postmodernity in the context of globalization is the phenomenon of reshaping problems of memory into social problems. The global politics of memory and globalizing symbolic conflicts over memory are a new phenomenon. They are exemplified by the problems of memory in post-communist countries, with the focus on the case of Poland. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/17/1/103.abstract ID - 920 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Halberstam, Judith PY - 2005 BT - In a queer time and place: transgender bodies, subcultural lives CY - New York and London PB - New York University Press N1 - In a queer time and place: transgender bodies, subcultural lives KW - queer theory queer temporalities critical temporalities embodiment Sexuality gender Method: case study social time inclusion/exclusion art cinema literary theory changing perceptions of time Relevance: 2 Media Halberstam music N2 - In her first book since the critically acclaimed Female Masculinity, Judith Halberstam examines the significance of the transgender body in a provocative collection of essays on queer time and space. She presents a series of case studies focused on the meanings of masculinity in its dominant and alternative forms'especially female and trans-masculinities as they exist within subcultures, and are appropriated within mainstream culture. In a Queer Time and Place opens with a probing analysis of the life and death of Brandon Teena, a young transgender man who was brutally murdered in small-town Nebraska. After looking at mainstream representations of the transgender body as exhibited in the media frenzy surrounding this highly visible case and the Oscar-winning film based on Brandon's story, Boys Don't Cry, Halberstam turns her attention to the cultural and artistic production of queers themselves. She examines the "transgender gaze," as rendered in small art-house films like By Hook or By Crook, as well as figurations of ambiguous embodiment in the art of Del LaGrace Volcano, Jenny Saville, Eva Hesse, Shirin Neshat, and others. She then exposes the influence of lesbian drag king cultures upon hetero-male comic films, such as Austin Powers and The Full Monty, and, finally, points to dyke subcultures as one site for the development of queer counterpublics and queer temporalities. Considering the sudden visibility of the transgender body in the early twenty-first century against the backdrop of changing conceptions of space and time, In a Queer Time and Placeis the first full-length study of transgender representations in art, fiction, film, video, and music. This pioneering book offers both a jumping off point for future analysis of transgenderism and an important new way to understand cultural constructions of time and place. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=nbX2N-i8HJ0C ID - 565 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Halbwachs, Maurice PY - 1992 BT - On Collective Memory CY - Chicago PB - University of Chicago N1 - Coser, Lewis A. N1 - On Collective Memory KW - Memory Sociology Knowledge multiple temporalities temporal conflict Relevance: 2 invention of tradition time as symbolic resource Multiple heritages Halbwachs History France Europe N2 - How do we use our mental images of the present to reconstruct our past? Maurice Halbwachs (1877-1945) addressed this question for the first time in his work on collective memory, which established him as a major figure in the history of sociology. This volume, the first comprehensive English- language translation of Halbwach's writings on the social construction of memory, fills a major gap in the literature on the sociology of knowledge. Halbwachs' primary thesis is that human memory can only function within a collective context. Collective memory, Halbwachs asserts, is always selective; various groups of people have different collective memories, which in turn give rise to different modes of behavior. Halbwachs shows, for example, how pilgrims to the Holy Land over the centuries evoked very different images of the events of Jesus' life; how wealthy old families in France have a memory of the past that diverges sharply from that of the nouveaux riches; and how working class constructions of reality differ from those of their middle-class counterparts. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=GPhGukFWC84C ID - 436 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hall, Edward T. PY - 1983 BT - The Dance of Life: The Other Dimensions of Time CY - New York, NY PB - Anchor N1 - The Dance of Life: The Other Dimensions of Time KW - inclusion/exclusion temporal conflict multiple temporalities social time Relevance: 2 Rhythms temporal boundaries time as symbolic resource cultural variants of time communication N2 - First published in 1983, this book studies how people are tied together and yet isolated by hidden threads of rhythm and walls of time. Time is treated as a language, organizer, and message system revealing people's feelings about each other and reflecting differences between cultures. UR - http://www.amazon.com/Dance-Life-Other-Dimension-Time/dp/0385192487 ID - 982 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hall, John R. PY - 1979 TI - Time and Communal Life, an Applied Phenomenology SP - 247-257 JF - Human Studies: A Journal for Philosophy and the Social Sciences VL - 2 IS - 1 N1 - Time and Communal Life, an Applied Phenomenology M3 - 10.1007/BF02127228 N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Sociology Continental Philosophy Philosophy Husserl Schutz multiple temporalities Social Time Religion Relevance: 1 phenomenology Utopia intentional communities orientation within time Apocalypse Religious communities Absence of future N2 - Analysis of time in utopian communal groups provides insight into possible temporal developments in society-at-large. a method of "applied phenomenology" moves from edmund husserl's phenomenology of internal time consciousness to post-schutzian examination of lifeworld temporality. various kinds of communal groups (a commune, intentional community, spiritual community, mystic association, religious sect and revolutionary cell) approximate three orientations toward time--diachronic, synchronic, and apocalyptic. the transcendent and apocalyptic temporal orientations of mysticism, otherworldly salvation and revolutionary war are sporadic but occasionally decisive social forces. diachronic and synchronic temporal orientations are more relevant to the phenomenology of future everyday life. UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/x441n634232160jt/ ID - 153 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hall, John R. PY - 1980 TI - The Time of History and the History of Times SP - 113-131 JF - History and Theory VL - 19 IS - 2 N1 - The Time of History and the History of Times KW - history chronology social time events non-linear time Multiple temporalities Philosophy Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 historiography time as missing element critical temporalities historical time philosophy cultural variants of time temporal conflict conceptions of time epistemology N2 - not available - from text: Historiography, more than other human studies, has been confronted with the need to understand the nature of social time. Other disciplines, such as sociology and anthropology, often have pretended to escape time - sociology by looking to the eternal verities of social order, and anthropology by looking to the archaic social orders which construed themselves as eternal. True, sociology and anthropology have not totally ignored time. Especially these days, anthropologists have begun to recognize the need to account for contemporary "savage" societies in relation to "developed" societies. And sociology was born of the recognition of social change in the industrial revolution. At its inception, it offered counterpoint to historiography by positing social change as a shift over time in broad complexes of often "mundane" culture, social activities, and institutions. But the main tendency of both sociology and anthropology has been ahistorical, and even anti-historical. Historians, on the other hand, have been concerned in large part with giving accounts of the unfoldings of past events; and this concern has required, at least implicitly, a theory of social time. Too often historians have solved their temporal problematic by the fiat of posing objective, chronological time as the basis for observing the march of events. By way of combatting this solution, theorists of historiography occasionally have suggested that the stuff of history itself is contained in other, potentially non-chronological, temporal phenomena. At least since the beginning of this century, the straightforward chronology of "scientific" history has been challenged in two alternative developments. On the one hand, certain historians have explored the relativity of multiple scales of objective time. On the other hand, subjectivist philosophers have described the character of inner time consciousness, or subjective time; and subjectivist historians have advanced a relativism based on the recognition of multiple social actors with diverse and often conflicting social interests. Each of these intellectual trends has tended to undermine the Rankean epistemology of history; no longer could a history of elites be taken to represent the autonomous unfolding spirit of historical development. But the relativities achieved in subjectivist and objectivist approaches remain incommensurate with one another, for they are based on different conceptions of the nature of time and its relation to history. Consideration of these divergent approaches perhaps can lead to the development of a more profound historiographic conception of time. UR - http://www.jstor.org/pss/2504794 ID - 437 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hall, J. R. PY - 1984 TI - Temporality, Social Action, and the Problem of Quantification in Historical Analysis SP - 206-218 JF - Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History VL - 17 IS - 4 N1 - Temporality, Social Action, and the Problem of Quantification in Historical Analysis KW - action history methodology Method: quantitative Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/vhim20 ID - 2026 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Halpern, Joel M. AU - Wagner, Richard A. PY - 1984 TI - Time and Social Structure: a Yugoslav Case Study SP - 229-244 JF - Journal of Family History VL - 9 IS - 3 N1 - Time and Social Structure: a Yugoslav Case Study N1 - 10.1177/036319908400900304 KW - social structure Cyclical time linear time time perspective Method: case study Method: archives Europe Families Methodology method: archives Continuity over time change over time community stability Method: dynamic rather than static relevance: 3 archives kinship N2 - Cyclical and linear time perspectives on family household structures are defined. They are utilized in a case study of the father-son dyad in a central Serbian village over the past 150 years. This relationship is critical to understanding the transitions in the South Slav extended family household, the zadruga. Data are based on oral recall and on vital, tax, and census records. Linear time measures include vital rates such as declining fertility and mortality as well as decreasing household size. Cyclical time measures, which have not varied in the period studied, include age at marriage and age of parent at birth of first child. All these elements are shown to affect the continued existence of extended house hold structures and condition their alteration from predominantly lateral exten sion including collateral kin to units of linear form emphasizing relations across three, and even four, generations. Analyzing these temporal processes is seen as a way of understanding the dynamics behind notions of stability and change in social structures. UR - http://jfh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/3/229 ID - 765 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hama, Mark PY - 2000 TI - Time as power: The politics of social time in Conrad's The 'Secret Agent' SP - 123-143 JF - Conradiana VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0010-6356 N1 - Time as power: The politics of social time in Conrad's The 'Secret Agent' AN - WOS:000088780100004 KW - power social time political time literary theory literature modernity Foucault Perception of time Multiple temporalities Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 Social coordination time discipline N2 - not available - from http://www.scribd.com/doc/50194476/Cowley-Julian-Modern-English-Literature [this article] rejects notions of the authoritarian nature of modernist time as fundamental to the novel, and instead installs a Foucauldian vision of time as fluid, individually articulated and, above all, powerful. Through and examination of three characters' perceptions of time, Hama contends that time in The Secret Agent is an act of willed social organisation rather than an oppressive force UR - not available ID - 792 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hambrick, Charles H. PY - 1979 TI - World Messianity: A Study in Liminality and Communitas SP - 539-553 JF - Religious Studies: An International Journal for the Philosophy of Religion VL - 15 N1 - World Messianity: A Study in Liminality and Communitas M3 - 10.1017/S0034412500011720 N1 - Philosopher's Index KW - messianic time Religious communities religion Utopia intentional communities relevance: 3 Philosophy Japan philosophy Apocalypse social Change change over time Absence of future futurity Asian Philosphy N2 - Among all the different religious movements in contemporary Japan one must acknowledge that from the point of view of the number of members, financial assets, physical facilities and activities, the most dominant are those that arose in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and are referred to collectively as ‘newly arisen religions’ (Shinkō Shūkyō). Various observers have offered their explanations for the success and popularity of these groups in religious, sociological, psychological and historical terms.1 Several of these groups fall into the category of millenarian and messianic movements and have been discussed by Professor Carmen Blacker in her essay, ‘Millenarian Aspects of the New Religions in Japan’.2 Why and how do millenarian and messianic movements remain popular and maintain their vitality even when the circumstances surrounding their founding change? How do they continue their dynamic growth after the messiah dies or when the millennium is delayed? What are the similarities and differences between these groups in Japan and those in other cultural areas? UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20005605 ID - 165 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hamilton, Carolyn AU - Harris, Verne AU - Pickover, Michele AU - Reid, Graeme AU - Saleh, Razia AU - Taylor, Jane PY - 2002 TI - Refiguring the Archive CY - Dordrecht, London PB - Kluwer Academic N1 - Refiguring the Archive KW - Archives South Africa Africa Derrida Past in the present Memory Philosophy Continental Philosophy non-linear time futurity Relevance: 3 Derrida invention of tradition Multiple heritages forgetting futurity method: archives N2 - Refiguring the Archive at once expresses cutting-edge debates on `the archive' in South Africa and internationally, and pushes the boundaries of those debates. It brings together prominent thinkers from a range of disciplines, mainly South Africans but a number from other countries. Traditionally archives have been seen as preserving memory and as holding the past. The contributors to this book question this orthodoxy, unfolding the ways in which archives construct, sanctify, and bury pasts. In his contribution, Jacques Derrida (an instantly recognisable name in intellectual discourse worldwide) shows how remembering can never be separated from forgetting, and argues that the archive is about the future rather than the past. Collectively the contributors demonstrate the degree to which thinking about archives is embracing new realities and new possibilities. The book expresses a confidence in claiming for archival discourse previously unentered terrains. It serves as an early manual for a time that has already begun. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6vo5ValNVloC ID - 959 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hansen, Karen V. PY - 1996 BT - A Very Social Time:Crafting Community in Antebellum New England CY - Berkley & Los Angeles PB - University of California Press N1 - A Very Social Time:Crafting Community in Antebellum New England N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - History Sociology USA gender Relevance: 4 change over time inclusion/exclusion love etiquette public and private time friendship N2 - Karen Hansen's richly anecdotal narrative explores the textured community lives of New England's working women and men—both white and black—n the half century before the Civil War. Her use of diaries, letters, and autobiographies brings their voices to life, making this study an extraordinary combination of historical research and sociological interpretation. Hansen challenges conventional notions that women were largely relegated to a private realm and men to a public one. A third dimension—the social sphere—also existed and was a critical meeting ground for both genders. In the social worlds of love, livelihood, gossip, friendship, and mutual assistance, working people crossed ideological gender boundaries. The book's rare collection of original writings reinforces Hansen's arguments and also provides an intimate glimpse into antebellum New England life. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NelKy4A0XoYC ID - 32 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hardesty PY - 1982 TI - Ethnomethodology and Symbolic Interactionism: A Critical Comparison of Temporal Orientations SP - 127-137 JF - Symbolic Interaction VL - 5 IS - 1 N1 - Ethnomethodology and Symbolic Interactionism: A Critical Comparison of Temporal Orientations N1 - Course Outline - A Mische KW - sociology time as symbolic resource time as missing element the past temporal ordering sequence social time The future methodology Temporality of academic work Assumptions about time obscuring x Relevance: 3 N2 - For some time, sociologists have called for the study of the temporal characteristincs of social life. Ethnomethodology and Symbolic interactionism are two sociological theories which have begun to develop analyses of social timing. In this report, exemplary research efforts from each perspective are examined and evaluated along the temporal dimensions of the past, order, sequence and the future. It is shown that research methods are key in elaborating or hindering the study of temporality. Specifically, sympbolic interactionists' strategies have allowed a rich temporal orientation to be developed and specified whereas strategies employed by ethnomethodologists have resulted in research that is confined to the immediate realm of experience and thereby have been narrow in temporal scope. UR - http://www.jstor.org/pss/10.1525/si.1982.5.1.127 ID - 557 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hareven, Tamara K. PY - 1983 BT - Family Time and Industrial Time CY - New York PB - Cambridge University Press T3 - Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Modern History Series N1 - Family Time and Industrial Time KW - organisational temporalities Temporal conflict technology labour time USA history life course Historical time generations sociology Reproductive time Method: longitudinal analysis Method: dynamic rather than static method: oral history Method: quantitative Relevance: 2 families industrialisation public and private time N2 - This pioneering study of the interaction of family life and the factory system of industrial production focuses on the largest textile concern in the world at the turn of the twentieth century, the Amoskeag Corporation in Manchester, New Hampshire. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lhw4AAAAIAAJ ID - 853 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Harootunian, Harry PY - 2005 TI - Some Thoughts on Comparability and the Space-Time Problem SP - 23-52 JF - boundary 2 VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 01903659 N1 - Some Thoughts on Comparability and the Space-Time Problem KW - History time and space methodology method: comparative analysis Relevance: 2 time as missing element assumptions about time obscuring x literary theory Methodology borders N2 - not available - from intro: In this essay, I am primarily concerned with exploring the increasing contemporary turn toward space and the resulting strategies of this move based on the elucidation of spatial categories in the interpretative sciences. This particular awareness has been manifested in the now overwhelming interest in tracking what moves between discrete spatial boundaries and across them. By the same token, I would like to address the question of temporality and the consequences of its recession from social and historical analysis and perhaps suggest possible ways for a reunion with its spatial complement. In short, I would like to look into some of the afterlives of area studies and how its inaugural impulse for holism and comparison has been reconfigured in such ways as to retain and even privilege the spatial. I want to reflect on what, in effect, has enabled precisely those strategies that have led to considerations of diasporic bodies and their movements crossing borders, in-between states exhibiting hybrid combinations, the inside and outside, and newer, enlarged bounded entities such as globe and empire. On the deficit side, I am thinking about the shifting relationship between the present and the past, and its intimations for a future, and how the withdrawal of time, as such, affects our capacity for comparative study. But it is important to add that I am not simply making a plea for a return to history, as it is so often invoked in the wake of the now-old new historicism, but rather calling for a restoration of considerations of the crucial spatiotemporal relationship that must attend any explanatory program. Part of this impulse has been prompted by the desire to reconsider the possibilities that attended area studies at its inception, as well as the conviction that comparability is too important a consideration to be left to disciplines such as comparative literature. UR - http://boundary2.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/32/2/23 ID - 294 ER - TY - PAMP AU - Harris, Pamela Joan PY - 1984 TI - Teaching about time in tribal Aboriginal communities ED - Department of Education, Professional Services Branch:Canberra, Curriculum Development Centre CY - Darwin N1 - Mathematics in Aboriginal Schools Project, 2 N1 - 48 N1 - Teaching about time in tribal Aboriginal communities KW - orientation within time education indigenous Australians australia indigenous peoples Conceptions of time events life course Relevance: 3 N2 - Time orientation, concepts, natural units of time, time in the human life cycle; time as event, distance, limit; easurement; aims and strategies for teaching UR - http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2768801ID - 845 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Harrison, Rodney PY - 2005 BT - Object Lessons: Archaeology and Heritage in Australia ED - Lydon, Jane ED - Ireland, Tracy CT - Dreamtime, Old Time, This Time: Archaeology, memory and the present-past in a Northern Australian Aboriginal community CY - Melbourne PB - Australian Scholarly Publishing SP - 243-264 N1 - Dreamtime, Old Time, This Time: Archaeology, memory and the present-past in a Northern Australian Aboriginal community N1 - Google Scholar KW - archaeology Indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Australia past in the present Asynchrony memory temporality of academic work community archaeology Method: Interviews landscape the past nostalgia narrative Relevance: 2 community engagement N2 - This paper examines the way in which archaeological fieldwork both shapes, and is shaped by, Aboriginal articulations of the past. The collaborative process of selecting archaeological sites for study with the ‘Lamboo Mob’, a group of Aboriginal people who live in the town of Halls Creek, in the southeast Kimberley region of Western Australia, reflects a specific, shared perspective on their collective past. Here I interrogate the kinds of places which this group of former pastoral workers and their descendants identified as significant to them, and what these places might reflect in terms of a genre of ‘history-as-representation’, or a particular way of representing and expressing the past. Drawing on a series of interviews, I examine the ways in which the Lamboo Mob clearly linked the process of site selection to deeper meta-narratives about the landscape and the past. Over the course of the project, the Aboriginal participants moved from an emphasis on the vernacular, embodied and incidental engagements with the traces of the past that had marked our field surveys, toward a more narrative approach to the results of the project. I suggest that collaborative and community-based archaeological research creates a specific nostalgic ‘chronotope’ or space-time-experience within which Aboriginal collaborators are able to reflect upon their past. These reflections may reveal radically modern interpretations of the past-in-the-present UR - http://oro.open.ac.uk/7707/ ID - 124 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hart, Laurie Kane PY - 1992 BT - Time, Religion, and Social Experience in Rural Greece CY - Lanham, Maryland PB - Rowman and Littlefield N1 - Time, Religion, and Social Experience in Rural Greece KW - Greece Religion Ritual Multiple temporalities Anthropology social time teleology tradition multiple heritages Relevance: 2 Sacred time Rural communities christianity secularism Social structure time as symbolic resource meaning critical temporalities contradictory present non-linear time history N2 - This is a study of Orthodox Christian practice in rural Greece with a focus on the interaction between religious imagination and everyday life. Based on extensive fieldwork in rural Greece, Hart offers a cross=disciplinary analysis of the structure and social reproduction of Greek religion, or the Greek religious imagination, through discussion of ritual activity and contemporary village life. Throughout, she emphasizes the long historical view and the heterogeneity of the ideas and practices of complex traditions, drawing on material from various periods of Greek history (pre-Christian, Byzantine, Ottoman, and post-Independence) in order to clarify contemporary practice. Hart links these investigations to reflections on the anthropology of time, "time" being conceived here as a schematization of what each culture proposes as the moral context or purpose of life. She is particularly interested in the frameworks of time and space that hold together the heterogeneous practices and ideas of complex traditions; and in the way certain substances and ritual figures serve as tangible icons of reality. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5oX0tgAACAAJ ID - 709 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Harvey, David PY - 1990 BT - The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Conditions of Cultural Change CY - Cambridge, MA & Oxford, UK PB - Blackwell N1 - The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Conditions of Cultural Change N1 - http://www.protevi.com/john/Postmodernity/condition34.html KW - Postmodernism time and space history social change geography Acceleration of time Relevance: 2 Modernity Harvey Art Literature Architecture perception of time changing perceptions of time cultural variants of time social time N2 - A great deal has been written on what has variously been described as the post-modern condition and on post-modern culture, architecture, art and society. In this new book, David Harvey seeks to determine what is meant by the term in its different contexts and to identify how accurate and useful it is as a description of contemporary experience.But the book is much more than this: in the course of his investigation the author provides a social and semantic history - from the Enlightenment to the present - of modernism and its expression in political and social ideas and movements, as well as in art, literature and architecture. He considers in particular how the meaning and perception of time and space themselves vary over time and space, and shows that this variance affects individual values and social processes of the most fundamental kind. This book will be widely welcomed, not only for its clear and critical account of the arguments surrounding the propositions of modernity and post-modernity, but as an incisive contribution to the history of ideas and their relation to social and political change. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=RAGeva8_ElMC ID - 326 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Harvey, David PY - 2000 BT - Spaces of Hope CY - Berkeley and Los Angeles PB - University of California Press N1 - Spaces of Hope KW - globalisation embodiment geography Development Capitalism marxism Utopia USA cities Urban communities futurity action agency imagined futures Relevance: 3 hope asynchrony Uneven development Absence of future political economy N2 - As the twentieth century drew to a close, the rich were getting richer; power was concentrating within huge corporations; vast tracts of the earth were being laid waste; three quarters of the earth's population had no control over its destiny and no claim to basic rights. There was nothing new in this. What was new was the virtual absence of any political will to do anything about it. Spaces of Hope takes issue with this. David Harvey brings an exciting perspective to two of the principal themes of contemporary social discourse: globalization and the body. Exploring the uneven geographical development of late-twentieth-century capitalism, and placing the working body in relation to this new geography, he finds in Marx's writings a wealth of relevant analysis and theoretical insight. In order to make much-needed changes, Harvey maintains, we need to become the architects of a different living and working environment and to learn to bridge the micro-scale of the body and the personal and the macro-scale of global political economy. Utopian movements have for centuries tried to construct a just society. Harvey looks at their history to ask why they failed and what the ideas behind them might still have to offer. His devastating description of the existing urban environment (Baltimore is his case study) fuels his argument that we can and must use the force of utopian imagining against all who say "there is no alternative." He outlines a new kind of utopian thought, which he calls dialectical utopianism, and refocuses our attention on possible designs for a more equitable world of work and living with nature. If any political ideology or plan is to work, he argues, it must take account of our human qualities. Finally, Harvey dares to sketch a very personal utopian vision in an appendix, one that leaves no doubt about his own geography of hope. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=W00VHZg3u2MC ID - 936 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Haskins, Ekaterina V. PY - 2003 BT - The Terministic Screen: Rhetorical Perspectives on Film ED - Blakesley, David CT - Time, Space, and Political Identity: Envisioning Community in Triumph of the Will CY - Carbondale, IL PB - Southern Illinois University Press SP - 92-106 N1 - Time, Space, and Political Identity: Envisioning Community in Triumph of the Will KW - Rhetoric Cinema Relevance: 1 Media Germany Bakhtin Identity time and space chronotopes Visuality time as symbolic resource Aesthetics N2 - not available - from the book as a whole: The Terministic Screen: Rhetorical Perspectives on Film examines the importance of rhetoric in the study of film and film theory. Rhetorical approaches to film studies have been widely practiced, but rarely discussed until now. Taking on such issues as Hollywood blacklisting, fascistic aesthetics, and postmodern dialogics, editor David Blakesley presents fifteen critical essays that examine rhetoric’s role in such popular films as The Fifth Element, The Last Temptation of Christ, The Usual Suspects, Deliverance, The English Patient, Pulp Fiction, The Music Man, Copycat, Hoop Dreams, and A Time to Kill. Aided by sixteen illustrations, these insightful essays consider films rhetorically, as ways of seeing and not seeing, as acts that dramatize how people use language and images to tell stories and foster identification. Contributors include David Blakesley, Alan Nadel, Ann Chisholm, Martin J. Medhurst, Byron Hawk, Ekaterina V. Haskins, James Roberts, Thomas W. Benson, Philip L. Simpson, Davis W. Houck, Caroline J.S. Picart, Friedemann Weidauer, Bruce Krajewski, Harriet Malinowitz, Granetta L. Richardson, and Kelly Ritter. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=3MVAFNk0YkoC ID - 135 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hassan, Robert PY - 2005 TI - Timescapes of the Network Society JF - Fast Capitalism VL - 1 IS - 1 N1 - Timescapes of the Network Society KW - time and space timescape networks Technology Communication globalisation time as missing element Changing perceptions of time power politics neoliberalism economics Capitalism Relevance: 2 N2 - Since the late '70s, the mutually reinforcing interaction between neoliberal economics and the revolution in information and communication technologies (ICTs) has transformed the world in many ways. "Globalization" is what we have come to call this process, and many aspects of its profound effect have been analyzed from a range of perspectives (e.g. Appadurai 1990; Robertson 1993; Omahe 1993; Waters 1995; Bauman 1998; Steger 2003). This paper discusses a central element of this change through globalization that has so far received relatively little attention—our relationship with time and how this is changing, in turn, the nature of power and politics. More particularly, it looks at these changing dynamics of time, power and politics through the nexus between neoliberalism and the ICT revolution and the emergent network society that this process has created. UR - http://www.uta.edu/huma/agger/fastcapitalism/1_1/hassan.html ID - 2012 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hay, Michael AU - Usunier, Jean-Claude PY - 1993 TI - Time and strategic action: a cross-cultural view SP - 313–334 JF - Time & Society VL - 2 IS - 3 N1 - Time and strategic action: a cross-cultural view KW - Method: comparative analysis action Agency chronos/kairos organisational temporalities Management planning Japan finance USA U.K. Germany time perspective cultural variants of time Relevance: 2 N2 - A business organization's sense of time is revealed through action and, specifically, through its approach to strategic planning. This paper presents a way of analysing an organization's temporal identity. We develop a framework showing the levels of strategic planning and their cross-cultural variability, especially in relation to Japanese temporal culture (Makimono time). The example of the strategies pursued by international banks originating from the US, the UK, Germany and Japan illustrates how a strategic time perspective is a reflection of the temporal cognitive styles prevailing in a particular culture. We further show the influence exerted by the constituencies to which an organization is beholden, the definition of performance criteria and their reinforcement through human resource management policies. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/2/3/313.abstract ID - 989 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Hayes, Kathryn PY - 2007 BT - Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Knowledge Management, Vol 1 and 2 ED - Remenyi, D. CT - Triple helix organisations, knowledge-stewarding communities of practice and perceptions of time: The hunters and gatherers of commercialisation CY - Reading, UK PB - Academic Conferences Limited SP - 449-455 N1 - Triple helix organisations, knowledge-stewarding communities of practice and perceptions of time: The hunters and gatherers of commercialisation SN - 978-1-905305-52-0 AN - ISI:000253974100061 KW - Knowledge management Perception of time Communities of practice Communication multiple temporalities temporal conflict Australia method: Interviews Rhythms Progress action Short-term perspectives long-term perspectives Unpredictibility Scheduling Relevance: 1 planning N2 - Commercialisation activities combine the discoveries of one group such as researchers, with the skills of other occupations such as commercial managers, and require knowledge sharing between these groups. This paper identifies research based, Knowledge-stewarding Communities of Practice (CoP) within triple helix organisations set up to commercialise promising inventions. These Knowledge-stewarding CoP report clearly different views of time and timed events to those held by commercial partners. The context of the study is four Australian Cooperative Research Centres (CRCs) composed of academic, government and industry personnel. Semi-structured interviews with a total of twenty scientists, engineers and managers explored collectively shared and dissimilar perceptions of time in commercialisation activities. Informants freely identified a research based, Knowledge-stewarding CoP embedded within each CRC. During analysis, the interview material revealed a number of themes related to temporal perceptions. Distinctive patterns of temporal perceptions were described as typical of commercial and research groups. Specifically, using the temporal category of pace, commercial managers valued speed, set short-term plans, and judged time use efficient if it made rapid and demonstrable progress towards producing a product or service for sale. In contrast, researchers placed high priority on developing a thorough understanding separate from market entry plans and used a longer planning horizon. Analysing themes related to the temporal category of flexibility revealed researchers viewed project schedules as inherently variable due to the demands of their non-routine, discovery-based work. In contrast, commercial managers viewed adhering to project schedules as essential, with financial rewards or penalties linked to performance against deadlines. Additionally, business managers interpreted researchers' polychronic patterns of time use as an inability, or unwillingness to focus attention on one task, contributing to doubts about the sincerity of researchers' commitments to deliver outcomes in accordance with project schedules. The interviewees confirmed that differences in temporal perspectives contributed to tension, distrust, and difficulties in communication and negatively influenced the outcomes of commercialisation. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bNh6symFJToC&pg=PA449 ID - 828 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hazan, Haim AU - Bromley, D. B. AU - Fennell, Valerie AU - Kaufman, Sharon PY - 1984 TI - Continuity and Transformation Among the Aged: A Study in the Anthropology of Time [and Comments] SP - 567-578 JF - Current Anthropology VL - 25 IS - 5 SN - 00113204 N1 - Continuity and Transformation Among the Aged: A Study in the Anthropology of Time [and Comments] N1 - ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: Dec., 1984 / Copyright © 1984 The University of Chicago Press KW - Continuity over time aging Anthropology social time U.K. chronology Method: re-studies time as symbolic resource Relevance: 2 N2 - Properties of social time developed among members of a London day-care centre for the aged at two points of chronological time are compared. In the first study, members' temporal universe was found to be anchored in a change arresting conception of reality constructed and sustained by an isolated, egalitarian, present-bound social structure. The restudy, conducted seven years later, revealed that although the centre was no longer an isolated, egalitarian society, veteran members still adhered to temporal principles of the former structure. Thus the first period could be regarded as a formative phase for a mode of structured continuity with enduring elements of liminality. It is therefore suggested that time is not a mere reflection of social processes but their generator and hence a subject of anthropological investigation in its own right. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2743207 ID - 1025 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Healy, Chris PY - 1997 TI - In the Beginning was Captain Cook JF - Australian Humanities Review VL - 5 IS - March N1 - In the Beginning was Captain Cook KW - Australia Memory History Coevalness Relevance: 2 myth indigenous Australians indigenous peoples past in the present Asynchrony N2 - Not Available - quotes from article: I am interested in how stories of Cook came to have particular meanings in this country as Australia and Cook were connected and reconnected in the time of social memory. Is it possible to identify the rules and patterns of remembrance which gave such an honourable antipodean place to a European sailor? How was an episode in the history of exploration recycled as a story of genesis and to what effects? Aborigines remember Cook in different, complex and varied ways. Aboriginal histories of Captain Cook have been publicly circulated as oral testimony, myth, legend, history and protest in film, paintings and song. Some Aboriginal histories of Cook work with very different and distinctively creative formulations of time and place, of the connections between past and present and of the imperatives of cultural memory. These histories come from various places ranging from south-eastern Australia to the north and far west of the continent and can be dated to at least the early twentieth century. I want to suggest that the name of Cook links these diverse Aboriginal histories and provides one way of considering Aboriginal historical cultures. Reading them alongside European accounts is an attempt to take these Aboriginal acts of remembrance seriousIy as histories; to accept them as an invitation to think about the Eurocentric cultures of history that 1, along with many others, inherit and inhabit as one component of a colonial past. UR - http://www.australianhumanitiesreview.org/archive/Issue-March-1997/healy.html ID - 438 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Heidegger, Martin PY - 1996 BT - Being and Time: A Translation of Sein und Zeit CY - Albany PB - SUNY Press N1 - Stambaugh, Joan N1 - Being and Time: A Translation of Sein und Zeit Y2 - 1953 N1 - 1953 KW - Philosophy Heidegger Continental Philosophy non-linear time Metaphysics ontology experiential time Relevance: 3 time as missing element critique of discipline N2 - The publication in 1927 of Martin Heidegger’s magnum opus signaled an intellectual event of the first order and had an impact in fields far beyond that of philosophy proper. Being and Time has long been recognized as a landmark work of the twentieth century for its original analyses of the character of philosophic inquiry and the relation of the possibility of such inquiry to the human situation. Still provocative and much disputed, Heidegger’s text has been taken as the inspiration for a variety of innovative movements in fields ranging from psychoanalysis, literary theory, and existentialism to ethics, hermeneutics, and theology. A work that disturbs the traditions of philosophizing that it inherits, Being and Time raises questions about the end of philosophy and the possibilities for thinking liberated from the presumptions of metaphysics. The Stambaugh translation captures the vitality of the language and thinking animating Heidegger’s original text. It is also the most comprehensive edition insofar as it includes the marginal notes made by Heidegger in his own copy of Being and Time, and takes into account the many changes that he made in the final German edition of 1976. The revisions to the original translation correct ambiguities and problems that have become apparent since the translation first appeared. Bracketed German words have also been liberally inserted both to clarify and highlight words and connections that are difficult to translate, and to link this translation more closely to the German text. This definitive edition will serve the needs of scholars well acquainted with Heidegger’s work and of students approaching Heidegger for the first time. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9oc2BnZMCZgC ID - 439 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heirich, Max PY - 1964 TI - The Use of Time in the Study of Social Change SP - 386-397 JF - American Sociological Review VL - 29 IS - 3 SN - 00031224 N1 - The Use of Time in the Study of Social Change KW - sociology social change Review article Causality methodology Relevance: 2 N2 - Time--as an explanatory factor, a causal link between other variables, a quantitative measure of them, and a qualitative measure of their interplay--is central to models of social change. Its use by 11 theorists suggests how time may relate to current research into the what, how, when, and why of change. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2091482 ID - 680 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Held, M. PY - 1992 TI - Sustainable Development from a Temporal Perspective SP - 351-366 JF - Time & Society VL - 10 IS - 2/3 N1 - Sustainable Development from a Temporal Perspective KW - Sustainability Development generations future generations temporally extended responsibilities time and space Adam temporal complexity economics Relevance: 2 timescape N2 - Sustainable development is an inherently temporal concept that includes future generations and their needs. We can improve the understanding of the concept if we explicitly start with a temporal perspective. The timescape framework is demonstrated as a useful tool to see the relevance of temporal diversity to direct our economy and way of life into the direction of sustainable development. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/10/2-3/351.abstract ID - 940 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Helliwell, Christine AU - Hindess, Barry PY - 2005 TI - The temporalising of difference SP - 414-418 JF - Ethnicities VL - 5 IS - 3 N1 - The temporalising of difference KW - ethnicity Coevalness Postcolonialism temporal distancing inclusion/exclusion colonialism time as tool for political legitimation time as symbolic Development Relevance: 2 Asynchrony temporality of academic work N2 - Not available - from the text: The relegation of whole peoples and ways of life to the status of anachronisms, so clearly displayed in Schiller’s lecture and again in many western reflections on colonial rule, is of more than merely historical interest. The familiar social scientific discourse of modernity is predicated on a similar move, dividing the contemporary world into portions which are fully of our time, those which have yet to reach it and even, in some versions of the discourse, those which have moved on to a postmodern condition. Nor is the problem confined to academia. While direct colonial rule has long since been abandoned by western states, the developmental perspective which dominated much of its practice continues to inform the work of major development agencies, the human rights and other international regimes that constitute the contemporary equivalent of the older, European standard of civilization in international affairs, and other aspects of the West’s interactions with the non-western world. UR - http://etn.sagepub.com/content/5/3/414 http://peer.ccsd.cnrs.fr/docs/00/57/18/32/PDF/PEER_stage2_10.1177%252F146879680500500309.pdf ID - 441 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hellweg, Frederick PY - 1931 TI - Telling the Nation's Time SP - 539-542 JF - The Scientific Monthly VL - 32 IS - 6 SN - 00963771 N1 - Telling the Nation's Time KW - Clock time nationalism Standardisation Relevance: 2 community engagement national time changing perceptions of time science N2 - not available - from intro [article from rep of U.S. Navel Observatory] I WONDER how many of you have ever given any thought to the question of how the nation's time is obtained, how it is kept, how it is transmitted to the millions of people, and how important a part accurate time plays in the life of every one. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/14907 ID - 577 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hemmings, Clare PY - 2005 TI - Telling feminist stories SP - 115-139 JF - Feminist Theory VL - 6 IS - 2 N1 - Telling feminist stories KW - feminist theory history Methodology Critical temporalities linear time narrative progress Multiple temporalities temporality of academic work Method: discourse analysis generations heritage Relevance: 2 political time time as symbolic resource Trajectories homogenising present feminism N2 - This article identifies and analyses the dominant stories that academics tell about the development of Western second wave feminist theory. Through an examination of recent production of interdisciplinary feminist and cultural theory journals, I suggest that despite a rhetorical insistence on multiple feminisms, Western feminist trajectories emerge as startlingly singular. In particular, I am critical of an insistent narrative that sees the development of feminist thought as a relentless march of progress or loss. This dominant approach oversimplifies the complex history of Western feminisms, fixes writers and perspectives within a particular decade, and repeatedly (and erroneously) positions poststructuralist feminists as ‘the first’ to challenge the category ‘woman’ as the subject and object of feminist knowledge. Rather than provide a corrective history of Western feminist theory, the article interrogates the techniques through which this dominant story is secured, despite the fact that we (feminist theorists) know better. My focus, therefore, is on citation patterns, discursive framings and some of their textual, theoretical and political effects. As an alternative, I suggest a realignment of key theorists purported to provide a critical break in feminist theory with their feminist citational traces, to force a concomitant re-imagining of our historical legacy and our place within it. UR - http://fty.sagepub.com/content/6/2/115.short ID - 442 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hemmings, Clare PY - 2011 BT - Why Stories Matter: the Political Grammar of Feminist Theory CY - Durham, NC PB - Duke University Press N1 - Why Stories Matter: the Political Grammar of Feminist Theory KW - Feminist theory method: discourse analysis History historiography inclusion/exclusion temporal distancing narrative time as symbolic resource time as tool for political legitimation Affect Progress Multiple heritages Critical temporalities Relevance: 3 feminism N2 - Why Stories Matter is a powerful critique of the stories that feminists tell about the past four decades of Western feminist theory. Clare Hemmings examines the narratives that make up feminist accounts of recent feminist history, highlights the ethical and political dilemmas raised by these narratives, and offers innovative strategies for transforming them. Drawing on an in-depth analysis of feminist journals such as Signs, Feminist Review, and Feminist Theory, Hemmings argues that feminists portray the development of Western feminism through narratives of progress, loss, and return. Whether celebrating the move beyond unity or identity, lamenting the demise of a feminist political agenda, or proposing a return to a feminist vision from the past, by advancing these narratives, feminists construct a mobile “political grammar” too easily adapted for postfeminist agendas. Hemmings insists that it is not enough for feminist theorists to lament what is most often perceived as the co-optation of feminism in global arenas. They must pay attention to the amenability of their own stories, narrative constructs, and grammatical forms to broader discursive uses of gender and feminism if history is not simply to repeat itself. Since citation practices and the mobilization of affect are central to how the narratives of progress, loss, and return persuade their readers to suspend their disbelief, they are also potential keys to telling the story of feminism’s past, present, and future differently. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DliPupBoNlwC ID - 934 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hendy, David PY - 2010 TI - Listening in the Dark SP - 215-232 N1 - 2010/05/01 JF - Media History VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 1368-8804 N1 - Listening in the Dark M3 - 10.1080/13688801003656249 Y2 - 2011/06/27 KW - media radio timing experiential time U.K. continuity over time temporal boundaries history deep time multiple temporalities Relevance: 3 music N2 - Attending to the history of night-time radio ? and to a wider tradition of listening to music and sounds in the dark ? allows us to explore a qualitatively different kind of ?media consumption? to that habitually understood as applying to the daylight hours. We find, for instance, a strong tradition of more esoteric programming and evidence of a greater intensity to listening at night. The nature of night-time radio listening shifts over time and from place to place: a particular focus on programming on BBC radio in the 1960s and 1970s is offered as a case study of this historical and geographical specificity. But the paper also argues for a number of historical continuities between radio listening and other kinds of listening in the nineteenth century and earlier, such as at phonograph séances or prehistoric shamanistic trances. In seeking to tease out parallels across long periods of time, it suggests that the ?magical? and uncanny elements of listening to disembodied voices and sounds needs to be given more attention in any historical study of radio audiences: a concern with affect in order to enrich more instrumental approaches. Further, in drawing upon the ideas of the Harvard historian Daniel Lord Smail, with his stress on the ?neurophysiological legacy of our deep past?, this brief history of listening is offered as a tentative example of what might be termed a ?deep-history? approach to the media. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13688801003656249 ID - 1015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hensley, Paul B. PY - 1992 TI - Time, Work, and Social Context in New England SP - 531-559 JF - The New England Quarterly VL - 65 IS - 4 SN - 00284866 N1 - Time, Work, and Social Context in New England KW - labour time USA history changing perceptions of time time as missing element critique of discipline industrialisation Clock time time discipline relevance: 2 time reckoning N2 - not available - from the text: In formulating their generalizations, however, social and labor historians have had few studies linking time and work in New England prior to the nineteenth century on which they could rely;5 thus, they have generally failed to under- stand the importance of time in early America. Indeed, far from being inattentive to time, New Englanders-within their own social context-bore the imprint of time long be-fore the emergence of the factory. Yet that context itself changed over time, and as it did New Englanders modified their perceptions of time and its uses to accommodate new realities. Along the way, many townspeople learned valu-able lessons about time that stood them in good stead as in-dustry overspread the region. As we shall see, by the eve of industrialization, descendants of the early Puritans had become quite accustomed to watching their clocks and counting their days. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/365821 ID - 681 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herman, Daniel B. AU - Mandiberg, James M. PY - 2010 TI - Critical Time Intervention: Model Description and Implications for the Significance of Timing in Social Work Interventions SP - 502-508 JF - Research on Social Work Practice VL - 20 IS - 5 N1 - Critical Time Intervention: Model Description and Implications for the Significance of Timing in Social Work Interventions N1 - 10.1177/1049731509360667 KW - social work time as missing element chronos/kairos Poverty mental health organisational temporalities timeliness timing temporality of academic work Relevance: 3 N2 - Relatively little attention has been paid to the dimension of time in the design of social work interventions. Critical time intervention (CTI), an empirically supported psychosocial intervention intended to reduce the risk of homelessness by enhancing continuity of support for individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) during the transition from institutions to community living, is a model that was explicitly developed to address a timing-specific need. After describing the model and summarizing research that supports its effectiveness, this article considers examples of other time-sensitive interventions in social work and related fields and speculates on some potential advantages to such strategies. Further attention to various dimensions of timing in the design and evaluation of social work interventions is warranted. UR - http://rsw.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/20/5/502 ID - 783 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herzfeld, Michael PY - 1990 TI - Pride and Perjury: Time and the Oath in the Mountain Villages of Crete SP - 305-322 JF - Man VL - 25 IS - 2 N1 - Pride and Perjury: Time and the Oath in the Mountain Villages of Crete KW - Anthropology Crete europe nostalgia law eternity timelessness Relevance: 3 Sacred time continuity over time N2 - Strategic manipulations of notions of trust and eternal value invoke a timeless model of perfect reciprocity. This 'structural nostalgia' legitimises present actions. The principle is illustrated by the uses of oaths among Cretan animal-thieves. Once an oath has been taken, accusers may not voice their suspicions of others' perjury in the absence of irrefutable evidence. The word of honour is a refraction of the divine Word, so that unfounded challenges offend at both the social and the cosmological levels. The oath is used to establish parity amongst rivals, by restoring social relations to an approximate version of the ideal. Its adoption by courts of law decreases its reliability and moral power by further undermining the principles of direct social reciprocity UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2804566 ID - 443 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Herzfeld, Michael PY - 1991 BT - A Place in History: Social and Monumental Time in a Cretan Town CY - Princeton PB - Princeton University Press N1 - A Place in History: Social and Monumental Time in a Cretan Town KW - Anthropology Crete Greece europe heritage Collective memory shared past Archaeology modernity Method: ethnography temporal conflict inclusion/exclusion multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 Bureaucracy conservation practices shared past Tradition Modernity monuments History kinship tourism N2 - Michael Herzfeld describes what happens when a bureaucracy charged with historic conservation clashes with a local populace hostile to the state and suspicious of tourism. Focusing on the Cretan town of Rethemnos, once a center of learning under Venetian rule and later inhabited by the Turks, he examines major questions confronting conservators and citizens as they negotiate the "ownership" of history: Who defines the past? To whom does the past belong? What is "traditional" and how is this determined? Exploring the meanings of the built environment for Rethemnos's inhabitants, Herzfeld finds that their interest in it has more to do with personal histories and the immediate social context than with the formal history that attracts the conservators. He also investigates the inhabitants' social practices from the standpoints of household and kin group, political association, neighborhood, gender ideology, and the effects of these on attitudes toward home ownership. In the face of modernity, where tradition is an object of both reverence and commercialism, Rethemnos emerges as an important ethnographic window onto the ambiguous cultural fortunes of Greece. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=ZzDEAbvbeiAC ID - 444 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Herzfeld, Michael PY - 2002 TI - The Absent Presence: Discourses of Crypto-Colonialism SP - 899-926 JF - South Atlantic Quarterly VL - 101 IS - 4 N1 - The Absent Presence: Discourses of Crypto-Colonialism KW - Anthropology Colonialism Critique of discipline temporality of academic work Past in the present Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: The disciplines of social and cultural anthropology emerged from the ferment of West European world domination as instrument and expression of the colonial project. Although it subsequently turned against the practices and ideology of colonialism, it remains strongly marked by that historical entailment. Among the many effects of colonialism on anthropology, one in particular stands out: the fact that much of the discipline’s theoretical capital is palpably derived from ethnographic research done in the colonial dominions. UR - http://saq.dukejournals.org/content/101/4/899.full.pdf+html ID - 712 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hesford, Victoria AU - Diedrich, Lisa PY - 2008 TI - Feminist time against nation time : gender, politics, and the nation-state in an age of permanent war CY - Lanham, MD PB - Lexington Books N1 - Feminist time against nation time : gender, politics, and the nation-state in an age of permanent war KW - gender feminist theory Kristeva Grosz Multiple temporalities temporal conflict nationalism break in time Critical temporalities war Colonialism politics Relevance: 2 national time feminism women's time coordinating between different times untimely media N2 - Feminist Time against Nation Time combines philosophical examinations of "Women's Time" by Julia Kristeva and "The Time of Thought" by Elizabeth Grosz with essays offering case studies of particular events, including Kelly Oliver's essay on the media coverage of the U.S. wars on terror in Afghanistan and in Iraq, and Betty Joseph's on the anticolonial uses of "women's time" in the creation of nineteenth-century Indian nationalism. Victoria Hesford and Lisa Diedrich juxtapose feminist time against nation time in order to consider temporalities that are at once "contrary" but also "close to" or "drawing toward" each other. As an untimely project, feminism necessarily operates in a different temporality from that of the nation. Against-ness is used to provoke a rupture, a momentary opening up of a disjuncture between the two that allows us to explore the possibilities of creating a space and time for feminists to think against the current of the present moment. Feminist Time against Nation Time will appeal to all levels to students and scholars. Book jacket. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=Y4KHFSSEZ2gC ID - 445 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Heydebrand, Wolf PY - 2003 TI - The Time Dimension in Marxian Social Theory SP - 147-188 JF - Time & Society VL - 12 IS - 2-3 N1 - The Time Dimension in Marxian Social Theory N1 - 10.1177/0961463X030122001 KW - marxism labour time history action Capitalism globalisation Trajectories epochalism historical time Relevance: 2 finance N2 - This article considers praxis, labor, and history as aspects of time that are constitutive of Marxian theory. The transition from `praxis' to the critical analysis of capitalism in the labor theory of surplus value is discussed. The main part of the article suggests steps for analyzing the historical dimension of capitalist globalization. First, the forms of capital and their trajectories, e.g. commercial, productive, and financial capital, are distinguished. Second, transnational capitalist expansion is described and explained, using the movement of finance capital as the main criterion of historical periodization. Third, the article shows the importance of a unique moment of historical time, namely the major part of the 20th century, for making Marxian theorizing amenable to certain standards of explanatory social theory. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/12/2-3/147 ID - 754 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hobsbawm, Eric AU - Ranger, Terence O. PY - 1983 TI - The Invention of Tradition CY - Cambridge PB - Cambridge University Press N1 - The Invention of Tradition KW - tradition imagined pasts U.K. ritual past in the present Asynchrony Anthropology History shared past Collective memory Multiple heritages invention of tradition Relevance: 2 counter traditions critical temporalities ritual India Africa N2 - Many of the traditions which we think of as very ancient in their origins were not in fact sanctioned by long usage over the centuries, but were invented comparatively recently. This book explores examples of this process of invention - the creation of Welsh and Scottish 'national culture'; the elaboration of British royal rituals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries; the origins of imperial rituals in British India and Africa; and the attempts by radical movements to develop counter-traditions of their own. It addresses the complex interaction of past and present, bringing together historians and anthropologists in a fascinating study of ritual and symbolism which poses new questions for the understanding of our history. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sfvnNdVY3KIC ID - 943 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hodges, Matt PY - 2008 TI - Rethinking time's arrow: Bergson, Deleuze and the anthropology of time JF - Anthropological Theory VL - 8 IS - 4 N1 - Rethinking time's arrow: Bergson, Deleuze and the anthropology of time M3 - 10.1177/1463499608096646 KW - Bergson Deleuze becoming history Anthropology Philosophy Method: dynamic rather than static methodology Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 temporal flow processual time as missing element critique of discipline N2 - Since the early 1970s, time has come to the fore as a constitutive element of social analysis in the guise of what I term here 'fluid time'. Anthropologists of multiple theoretical persuasions now take for granted that social life exists in 'time', 'flow', or 'flux', and this temporal ontology is commonly accepted as a universal, if habitually unquestioned, attribute of human experience. Similarly, it underpins today's dominant paradigm of 'processual' analysis, in its many forms. Yet this concept is notably under-theorized, in keeping with a history of uneven study by social scientists of time. In this article I draw on anthropological approaches by Gell and Munn, and philosophical work by Bergson and Deleuze, to put forward a critical theorization. I then discuss its ramifications. Ultimately, I argue that this model points to a rapprochement between the anthropological study of time and history, sociality and temporality, and an enhanced role for temporal analysis in anthropological theory. UR - http://ant.sagepub.com/content/8/4/399.short ID - 446 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hodges, Matt PY - 2010 TI - The time of the interval: Historicity, modernity, and epoch in rural France SP - 115-131 JF - American Ethnologist VL - 37 IS - 1 N1 - The time of the interval: Historicity, modernity, and epoch in rural France KW - Anthropology history modernity France Europe Rural communities epochalism tradition imagined pasts Unpredictibility Collective memory identity social time Continuity over time methodology Critique of discipline Relevance: 2 N2 - With recognition that historical consciousness, or "historicity," is culturally mediated comes acknowledgment that periodization of history into epochs is as much a product of cultural practice as a reflection of historical "fact." In this article, I examine popular "modernist" invocations of epoch in rural France -- those positing traditional pasts against fluid presents with uncertain futures -- which scholars frequently subordinate to analyses of collective memory and identity politics. Submitting this "response" to French modernity to temporal analysis reveals an additional critique in this periodization, one that valorizes enduring social time over processual temporalities, with implications for the temporal frameworks and ideology of anthropologists. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01245.x/abstract ID - 815 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hoek, Wiebe van der AU - Roberts, Mark AU - Wooldridge, Michael PY - 2007 TI - Social Laws in Alternating Time: Effectiveness, Feasibility, and Synthesis SP - 1-19 JF - Synthese VL - 156 IS - 1 SN - 00397857 N1 - Social Laws in Alternating Time: Effectiveness, Feasibility, and Synthesis KW - information Technology Relevance: 3 Social coordination N2 - Since it was first proposed by Moses, Shoham, and Tennenholtz, the social laws paradigm has proved to be one of the most compelling approaches to the offline coordination of multiagent systems. In this paper, we make four key contributions to the theory and practice of social laws in multiagent systems. First, we show that the "Alternating-time Temporal Logic" (atl) of Alur, Henzinger, and Kupferman provides an elegant and powerful framework within which to express and understand social laws for multiagent systems. Second, we show that the effectiveness, feasibility, and synthesis problems for social laws may naturally be framed as atl model checking problems, and that as a consequence, existing atl model checkers may be applied to these problems. Third, we show that the complexity of the feasibility problem in our framework is no more complex in the general case than that of the corresponding problem in the Shoham—Tennenholtz framework (it is np-complete). Finally, we show how our basic framework can easily be extended to permit social laws in which constraints on the legality or otherwise of some action may be explicitly required. We illustrate the concepts and techniques developed by means of a running example. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/27653503 ID - 682 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hofmeister, Sabine PY - 1997 TI - Nature's Temporalities: Consequences for Environmental Politics SP - 309-321 N1 - July 1, 1997 JF - Time & Society VL - 6 IS - 2-3 N1 - Nature's Temporalities: Consequences for Environmental Politics M3 - 10.1177/0961463x97006002011 KW - climate change clock time Multiple temporalities politics environment Technology Communities in crisis science economics future Relevance: 3 time as missing element industrialisation Assumptions about time obscuring x N2 - This paper seeks to bring to the forefront of attention the temporality of environmental matters and thereby establish the link between nature's temporalities, industrial activity, technological innovation, precautionary measures and environmental policies. It explores the assumptions associated with the `environmental crisis' and deconstructs some of the key presuppositions of the science of ecology and environmental economics. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/6/2-3/309.abstract ID - 447 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hogben, Susan PY - 2006 TI - Life's on Hold: Missing people, private calendars and waiting SP - 327-342 JF - Time & Society VL - 15 IS - 2-3 N1 - Life's on Hold: Missing people, private calendars and waiting N1 - 10.1177/0961463X06067065 KW - Scheduling events continuity over time Families public and private time Commemorative events Synchronicity Asynchrony waiting Communication Relevance: 3 calendars N2 - Intimate relationships are forged on and sustained by the appreciation of mutually significant events. When someone is missing, as a result of a reportedly unmotivated absence, expectations of the continuity of relationships are disrupted. Using data from publicly available texts I examine how people experience such an absence. Harvey Sacks’s notion of the ‘private calendar’ helps explicate how remaining family members experience literal and figurative desynchronization that suggests missing might be more potently understood as waiting. Finally, it seems that the duration of the absence helps family members account for the enduring lack of communication. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/15/2-3/327.abstract ID - 910 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holman, E. Alison AU - Zimbardo, Philip G. PY - 2009 TI - The Social Language of Time: The Time Perspective–Social Network Connection SP - 136-147 JF - Basic and Applied Social Psychology VL - 31 IS - 2 SN - 0197-3533 N1 - The Social Language of Time: The Time Perspective–Social Network Connection KW - language time perspective networks Psychology social time Families Multiple temporalities Method: social network analysis relevance: 3 N2 - Time perspective (TP) is a pivotal cognitive process through which people perceive, interpret, and negotiate their physical and social worlds. This study identifies unique patterns in the quality of social relationships that were associated with different TP dimensions. Low support and high conflict with family characterized past-negative TP. Large networks and high support from family distinguished past positive TP. Large networks with more support and companionship from friends/acquaintances typified present hedonistic TP. Having highly supportive significant others was associated with high future TP. Multidimensional time perspective is an essential cognitive process influencing human social behavior. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/01973530902880415 ID - 651 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holme, P. AU - Edling, C. R. AU - Liljeros, F. PY - 2004 TI - Structure and time evolution of an Internet dating community SP - 155-174 JF - Social Networks VL - 26 IS - 2 SN - 0378-8733 N1 - Structure and time evolution of an Internet dating community AN - WOS:000221286300004 M3 - 10.1016/j.socnet.2004.01.077 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - method: social network analysis online communities method: quantitative sociology social structure change over time Relevance: 1 The internet N2 - We present statistics for the structure and time evolution of a network constructed from user activity in an Internet community. The vastness and precise time resolution of an Internet community offers unique possibilities to monitor social network formation and dynamics. Time evolution of well-known quantities, such as clustering, mixing (degree-degree correlations), average geodesic length, degree, and reciprocity is studied. In contrast to earlier analyses of scientific collaboration networks, mixing by degree between vertices is found to be disassortative. Furthermore, both the evolutionary trajectories of the average geodesic length and of the clustering coefficients are found to have minima. UR - http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/cond-mat/pdf/0210/0210514v2.pdf ID - 19 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Holtzman, Jon PY - 2004 TI - The Local in the Local: Models of Time and Space in Samburu District, Northern Kenya SP - 61-84 JF - Current Anthropology VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 00113204 N1 - The Local in the Local: Models of Time and Space in Samburu District, Northern Kenya KW - Anthropology globalisation national time Capitalism time and space homogenising present critical temporalities Relevance: 2 Kenya Africa Geography western imperialism local time changing perceptions of time western imperialism N2 - Viewing the global in the local has become an increasingly central approach in recent anthropology as anthropologists have sought to explicate the ethnographic correlates of globalization. While this approach has produced some of the most important work in recent anthropology, it rests upon long-standing Western notions of space and time that dichotomize “here” and “there” principally by reference to capitalism and the state. Through an examination of transformed geographical models of and about Samburu pastoralists in northern Kenya, it is argued here that this model is itself a global export and that a consideration of Samburu instantiations of it—how and why Samburu have adopted it, what they use it for, and the assumptions that they have adopted in the process—serves to reflect aspects of anthropologists' own cultural constructions of “the local.” Recognizing the Western folk elements in global/local models of time and space destabilizes discourses of globalization as a transcultural historical process through an acknowledgment of the cultural specificity through which we situate our own analyses. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/379635 ID - 268 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hon, Tze-ki PY - 2010 TI - From a Hierarchy in Time to a Hierarchy in Space: The Meanings of Sino-Babylonianism in Early Twentieth-Century China SP - 139-169 JF - Modern China VL - 36 IS - 2 N1 - From a Hierarchy in Time to a Hierarchy in Space: The Meanings of Sino-Babylonianism in Early Twentieth-Century China M3 - 10.1177/0097700409345126 N1 - SAGE KW - Sinology China History nationalism evolution Coevalness temporal vs spatial communities Relevance: 2 imagined pasts international politics politics linear time time as tool for political legitimation time as symbolic resource Hierarchy N2 - In 1892, Terrien de Lacouperie (1845—1894), professor of Chinese at University College in London, set out to prove that the Chinese migrated from Mesopotamia in prehistoric times. Despite mixed responses from his colleagues, Lacouperie’s “Sino-Babylonianism” found its way into China and captured the imagination of Chinese historians from the 1900s to 1930s. Whether they supported or opposed Lacouperie’s view, Chinese historians were intrigued by his boldness in linking early China to the global network of trade and cultural exchange. This article examines how Chinese historians adopted, transformed, and appropriated Sino-Babylonianism in their discourse on the nation. It argues that the rise and fall of Sino-Babylonianism coincided with the Chinese perceptions of the world system of nation-states. Sino-Babylonianism was warmly received when the Chinese perceived the world system of nation-states as a hierarchy in temporality, prescribing a process of evolution that all human communities must follow. Sino-Babylonianism was fiercely rejected when the Chinese saw the world system of nation-states as a hierarchy in space, characterized by incessant territorial expansion of imperialist powers. In both instances, Sino-Babylonianism was no longer what Lacouperie had proposed in the late nineteenth century. Rather, it was an important benchmark for the Chinese understanding of the modern global order. UR - http://mcx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/36/2/139 ID - 210 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hope, Wayne PY - 2009 TI - Conflicting Temporalities: State, nation, economy and democracy under global capitalism SP - 62-85 JF - Time & Society VL - 18 IS - 1 N1 - Conflicting Temporalities: State, nation, economy and democracy under global capitalism N1 - 10.1177/0961463X08099943 KW - temporal conflict national time nationalism economics Democracy globalisation information Technology Acceleration of time Short-term perspectives Multiple temporalities long-term perspectives Asynchrony Changing perceptions of time Political time Relevance: 2 capitalism finance Deceleration of time policy N2 - The information and communication technology (ICT) driven, real-time tendencies of global capitalism are predominant, but they are not universal. Fast, short-term profits undermine long-term strategies of capital accumulation. In this respect, the structures and activities of global capitalism are riven by temporal contradictions. Such is evident between and within different fractions of capital. Fast and long-term imperatives also conflict within transnational corporations and business administration. On a global scale, the clash between different cultural traditions of corporate capitalism reflects opposing temporal logics of profit maximization. How then do these temporal contradictions play out empirically? My response to this question explores the general idea that spatio-temporal fixes enable the cohesion and reproduction of capitalist systems. To this end, I will point out that under global capitalism spatio-temporal fixes cannot be guaranteed. There are no built-in congruities interlinking state, nation, economy and society. Global networks of finance, production and corporate governance may weaken the conjunctures between nation, state, economy and society and exacerbate temporal disjunctures within them. From these observations, I will argue that state-centred constructions of time and temporality are weakening against the general, real-time tendencies of global capitalism. This sharpens temporal conflicts within the nationally constituted economy and the nationally circumscribed state. As upper reaches of the nation state conform to the temporal urgency of institutionalized supranational decision making, the marginalized national polity is answerable to the slower temporal rhythms of representative assembly, the election cycle, public policy formation and civil society. Against this background, worldwide coalitions opposed to ruling global interests are also riven by conflicting temporalities. Such conflicts reflect the temporal contradictions of global capitalism and the associated temporal conflicts within states, nations and economies. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/18/1/62.abstract ID - 922 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Houston, Douglas B. AU - Schreiner, Edward G. PY - 1995 TI - Alien Species in National Parks: Drawing Lines in Space and Time SP - 204-209 JF - Conservation Biology VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 08888892 N1 - Alien Species in National Parks: Drawing Lines in Space and Time KW - conservation practices ecology change over time method: dynamic rather than static Relevance: 3 ecological communities more-than-human communities biology community engagement N2 - Experience in scientific and public forums during the past 15 years has convinced us that the ecological concepts that underlie national park management goals in the United States need clear explanation and wider recognition. This need was underscored recently by the exchange about management of the mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) introduced into the Olympic Mountains (Anunsen & Anunsen 1993; Scheffer 1993a, 1993b). Goats are considered alien species (exotic, nonnative, nonindigenous) by the National Park Ser- vice-unwelcome additions to the native fauna of Olym- pic National Park (National Park Service 1981, 1987). The concern of the National Park Service with alien species may be understood more fully when viewed in the broader context of national park management goals. Therefore, we briefly discuss management of natural areas and trace the evolution of National Park Service policies on introduced species, including their ecological and management implications UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2386403 ID - 586 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Howe, Leopold E. A. PY - 1981 TI - The Social Determination of Knowledge: Maurice Bloch and Balinese Time SP - 220-234 JF - Man VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 00251496 N1 - The Social Determination of Knowledge: Maurice Bloch and Balinese Time KW - knowledge indonesia Asia Bloch Anthropology Ritual Cyclical time linear time Duration Multiple temporalities Asynchrony social time Conceptions of time Relevance: 2 N2 - This essay refutes Bloch's claim that the Balinese possess two distinct conceptions of time, a linear, durational notion attrubutable to a 'practical' domain, and a cyclical, non-durational notion attributable to a 'ritual' domain. I argue instead that they have a single coherent concept of duration and that such duration exhibits features of both cyclicity and linearity. I further contend that although duration (the passage of time) is an inevitable fact of experience, the particular manner in which it is expressed in a culture is socially created. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2801396 ID - 678 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hoy, David Couzons PY - 2009 BT - The Time of Our Lives: A Critical History of Temporality CY - Cambridge, Massachusetts PB - MIT Press N1 - The Time of Our Lives: A Critical History of Temporality KW - philosophy Continental Philosophy experiential time Phenomenology Kant Heidegger Hegel Husserl Merleau-Ponty nietzsche Sartre Gadamer Zizek Bourdieu Foucault Bergson Proust Deleuze Benjamin Derrida Multiple temporalities Relevance: 3 temporal flow forgiveness experiential time history of changing perceptions of time conceptions of time chronos/kairos Memory N2 - The project of all philosophy may be to gain reconciliation with time, even if not every philosopher has dealt with time expressly. A confrontation with the passing of time and with human finitude runs through the history of philosophy as an ultimate concern. In this genealogy of the concept of temporality, David Hoy examines the emergence in a post-Kantian continental philosophy of a focus on the lived experience of the "time of our lives" rather than on the time of the universe. The purpose is to see how phenomenological and poststructuralist philosophers have tried to locate the source of temporality, how they have analyzed time's passing, and how they have depicted our relation to time once it has been—in a Proustian sense—regained. Hoy engages with competing theoretical tactics for reconciling us to our fleeting temporality. After discussing Kant's interpretation of time and Heidegger's productive misreading of Kant, Hoy examines the work of Hegel, Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, and Nietzsche, for theories of the present; draws further lessons from Gadamer, Sartre, Bourdieu, Foucault, and Bergson about the past; and analyzes in addition philosophers Deleuze, Zizek, and Derrida on the politics of the future. Then Hoy considers four existential strategies for coping with the apparent flow of temporality, including Proust's passive and Walter Benjamin's active reconciliation through memory, Zizek's critique of poststructuralist politics, Foucault's confrontation with the temporality of power, and Deleuze's account of Aion and Chronos. The study concludes by exploring whether a dual temporalization could be what constitutes the singular "time of our lives." UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Q2bXQ36onvwC ID - 449 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huang, Shiun-wey PY - 2004 TI - ‘Times’ and Images of Others in an Amis Village, Taiwan SP - 321-337 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 2-3 N1 - ‘Times’ and Images of Others in an Amis Village, Taiwan N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04045475 KW - Asia Conceptions of time multiple temporalities Coevalness Cultural diversity cultural variants of time inclusion/exclusion non-homogeneous community Relevance: 2 N2 - Why different ‘times’ (or different ‘categories of objectified time’) coexist among the Amis in Iwan? I argue that the Amis’ images of others provide an answer to it. For the Amis in that village, four significant others have relations with them. This article explores how the images of others reflect in the time dimension. In sum, attempting to combine their own cultural traditions with certain cultural elements of ‘superior’ others, and strive for a better future is the important cultural mechanism of the Amis. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/13/2-3/321.abstract ID - 907 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hughes, Diane Owen AU - Trautmann, Thomas R. PY - 1995 TI - Time: histories and ethnologies CY - Ann Arbor, MI PB - University of Michigan Press N1 - Time: histories and ethnologies KW - social time Anthropology history Method: ethnography cultural variants of time India Asia Past in the present National time carribean italy Europe Memory non-linear time Peru Latin America past in the future chronobiology biology history of changing perceptions of time inclusion/exclusion indonesia Method: oral history perception of time Relevance: 2 time as all encompassing perception of time time as symbolic resource Western imperialism N2 - Time is the subject of several rather different conversations. Some of them, such as that of the cosmologists and theoretical physicists, are nearly impenetrable to nonspecialists; others have an easy popular appeal. In this volume, editors Diane Owen Hughes and Thomas R. Trautmann collect nine essays on the related but distinct conversation about time that takes place at the intersection of history and ethnology. From the standpoint of Enlightenment reason, time should be a universal and uniform category of understanding. Yet in fact, this category is understood in different cultures in extremely diverse ways. The historians and anthropologists who contribute to this volume address this problem not in the abstract and the general but in contexts that are determinate and highly particular. Individual essays address the sense of time in a wide range of historical and present cultures, from the Yucatan to the Iparakuyo Maasai. Their discussion of whether nonuniform time is to be understood as socially constructed or as determined by relations of production, as the mystification of privilege or as cultural design, differs from philosophical discussions of time in that the real-world standard to which it submits itself is always culturally plural. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=vpB_rlazFJcC ID - 2014 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huijer, Marli PY - 2010 TI - New and Unexpected!: Female life practices resonating in the philosophy of time SP - 72-80 JF - Time & Society VL - 19 IS - 1 N1 - New and Unexpected!: Female life practices resonating in the philosophy of time KW - Arendt women's time Philosophy embodiment critique of discipline gender Grosz natality Unpredictibility open future relevance: 3 children/youth N2 - Most philosophers who have written about time are born in a male body, are raised in a masculine fashion and lived or live in a world in which men predominantly shaped language and order. Do female philosophers conceptualize time differently from their male colleagues? Female philosophers, like Hannah Arendt and Elizabeth Grosz, seem to be more concerned with natality, the new and unexpected, than with mortality. The article explores to what extent this interest can be attributed to the fact that these philosophers are women. Or is this concern more related to an involvement with raising and educating children? UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/19/1/72.abstract?rss=1 ID - 450 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hulett, J. E., Jr. PY - 1944 TI - The Person's Time Perspective and the Social Role SP - 155-159 JF - Social Forces VL - 23 IS - 2 SN - 00377732 N1 - The Person's Time Perspective and the Social Role KW - social time Psychology orientation within time conceptions of time goals time perspective Sociology identity Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: In the light of the ideas suggested above the present writer wishes here to introduce some speculations about the connection between the individual's time reference and the society in which he lives, using as an example the familiar concept of the social role, the unit of personality which is ordinarily described as a complex of attitudes and overt conduct oriented toward some socially derived goal. It is here suggested that a consideration of the social-psychological processes whereby the individual acquires his roles will indicate a method of approaching the problem of ascertaining the sources of the several time perspectives of the individual personality. Such an approach might also help to bring within the same frame of reference some adjustment problems of the personality that might be attributed to difficulties the individual may have with the time reference factor. What is to follow is set down at some risk of only emphasizing the obvious, since much of the line of argument to be presented is implicit in sociological theories of the personality. It seems to the writer, however, that some of the time reference implications deserve to be singled out for special emphasis in the light of Dr. Frank's scheme. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2572135 ID - 676 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hunter, Albert N1 - 9th March 2011 PY - 2011 TI - Newcomers and Oldtimers: Community and Time T3 - American Sociological Association Annual Meeting CY - Atlanta, GA KW - Migration Sociology time as missing element Belonging Urban communities Rural communities Method: participant observation Method: Interviews Method: surveys method: archives Coevalness Families time spent with community Relevance: 1 archives kinship AB - Community may be conceptualized as a three dimensional analytical space – physical ecological, social structural and cultural symbolic. Much physical ecological research has focused on the spatial component; and though empirically studied with respect to community change, the time component has been relatively under-theorized. The paper more fully considers the time dimension of community relates it to cultural and social dimensions by considering a widely noted distinction in the literature between oldtimers and newcomers. This distinction highlights one of the most powerful explanatory variables in the community literature, especially among survey researchers – length of residence. The analysis elucidates some of the causal mechanisms by which length of residence has the effects that it does. The analysis is based on three case studies of the newcomer/oldtimer distinction – a small town, an urban black ghetto, and an elite suburb. The mutimethod data collection consisted of fieldwork and participant observation, in-depth interviews, archives and census data and small scale door-drop community surveys. The research concludes that the meaning of the time distinction between newcomers and oldtimers is relative and variable. It reflects complex social relations rooted in family and kinship ties to physical aspects of housing and the land, and in the varying local and cosmopolitan social networks, associations and institutions of both newcomers and oldtimers. Conflicts between newcomers and oldtimers are intricately interwoven with consensus on key values and social ties they share, and also reflect differences and similarities in class, cultural capital, and habitus UR - http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p409212_index.html ID - 564 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hutchings, Kimberly PY - 2008 BT - Time and World Politics: Thinking the Present CY - Manchester PB - Manchester University Press N1 - Time and World Politics: Thinking the Present KW - politics international Relations international politics political theory philosophy Continental Philosophy Multiple temporalities time as tool for political legitimation Shared present global present temporal distancing temporal conflict coevalness Postcolonialism feminist theory Derrida Deleuze Negri untimely Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 Assumptions about time obscuring x Virilio Agamben Habermas historical time political time history N2 - This book offers the first authoritative guide to assumptions about time in theories of contemporary world politics. It demonstrates how predominant theories of the international or global 'present' are affected by temporal assumptions, grounded in western political thought, that fundamentally shape what we can and cannot know about world politics today. In so doing, it puts into question the ways in which social scientists and normative theorists diagnose 'our' post Cold War times. The first part of the book traces the philosophical roots of assumptions about time in contemporary political and international theory. The second part of the book examines contemporary theories of world politics, including liberal and realist International Relations theories and the work of Habermas, Hardt and Negri, Virilio and Agamben. In each case, it is argued, assumptions about political time ensure the identification of the particular temporality of western experience with the political temporality of the world as such and put the theorist in the unsustainable position of holding the key to the direction of world history. In the final chapter, the book draws on postcolonial and feminist thinking, and the philosophical accounts of political time in the work of Derrida and Deleuze, to develop a new 'untimely' way of thinking about time in world politics. This book will be required reading for all those interested in the philosophical bases and critical possibilities of contemporary theories of international and global politics. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=a4oUAQAAIAAJ ID - 451 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ikuko, Nishimoto PY - 1997 TI - The `Civilization' of Time: Japan and the Adoption of the Western Time System SP - 237-259 JF - Time & Society VL - 6 IS - 2-3 N1 - The `Civilization' of Time: Japan and the Adoption of the Western Time System N1 - 10.1177/0961463X97006002007 KW - Japan changing perceptions of time time as natural linear time industrialisation Acceleration of time Development Coevalness Relevance: 2 Asynchrony N2 - Over the past century, Japanese society has undergone a radical change in its temporal experience, moving from one following the rhythms of nature to one of mathematical precision, namely, the western time system. Why did Japan westernize its time? This paper argues that it was for the sake of industrialization, where time was equated with profit. The accelerating sense of time reflected Japan's desperate efforts to catch up with the western level of industry in the shortest possible time. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/6/2-3/237.abstract ID - 887 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ingold, Tim PY - 1993 TI - The Temporality of the Landscape SP - 152-174 JF - World Archaeology VL - 25 IS - 2 SN - 00438243 N1 - The Temporality of the Landscape N1 - relevant author search KW - environment landscape Archaeology Anthropology experiential time action rhythms relevance: 2 labour time N2 - Landscape and temporality are the major unifying themes of archaeology and social-cultural anthropology. This paper attempts to show how the temporality of the landscape may be understood by way of a 'dwelling perspective' that sets out from the premise of people's active, perceptual engagement in the world. The meaning of 'landscape' is clarified by contrast to the concepts of land, nature and space. The notion of 'taskscape' is introduced to denote a pattern of dwelling activities, and the intrinsic temporality of the taskscape is shown to lie in its rhythmic interrelations or patterns of resonance. By considering how taskscape relates to landscape, the distinction between them is ultimately dissolved, and the landscape itself is shown to be fundamentally temporal. Some concrete illustrations of these arguments are drawn from a painting by Bruegel, The Harvesters. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/124811 ID - 230 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ingold, Tim PY - 2000 BT - The perception of the environment: essays on livelihood, dwelling and skills CY - London and New York PB - Routledge N1 - The perception of the environment: essays on livelihood, dwelling and skills N1 - Recommended for inclusion - Adept analysis of how some communities work with and within their environment/s (inc.chronology and space) to develop identities. KW - landscape Work time environment Anthropology psychology biology phenomenology philosophy evolution task oriented time chronology social time Relevance: 3 cultural variants of time habits N2 - In this work Tim Ingold offers a persuasive approach to understanding how human beings perceive their surroundings. He argues that what we are used to calling cultural variation consists, in the first place, of variations in skill. Neither innate nor acquired, skills are grown, incorporated into the human organism through practice and training in an environment. They are thus as much biological as cultural. The twenty-three essays comprising this book focus in turn on the procurement of livelihood, on what it means to 'dwell', and on the nature of skill, weaving together approaches from social anthropology, ecological psychology, developmental biology and phenomenology in a way that has never been attempted before. The book is set to revolutionise the way we think about what is 'biological' and 'cultural' in humans, about evolution and history, and indeed about what it means for human beings - at once organisms and persons - to inhabit an environment. The Perception of the Environment will be essential reading not only for anthropologists but also for biologists, psychologists, archaeologists, geographers and philosophers. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cFR7U7bwOP4C ID - 236 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Inhetveen, Heide PY - 1994 TI - Farming Women, Time and the `Re-agrarianization' of Consciousness SP - 259-276 JF - Time & Society VL - 3 IS - 3 N1 - Farming Women, Time and the `Re-agrarianization' of Consciousness N1 - 10.1177/0961463X94003003001 KW - Agriculture food women Critical temporalities Sustainability nature time management rural communities gender Multiple temporalities social time power organisational temporalities industrialisation labour time changing perceptions of time environment Relevance: 3 women's time N2 - The article examines the suggestion that an ecological time concept might be achieved by the `re-agrarianization' of consciousness: as in agriculture, thought and action are to be related to the pace of natural processes. Data from empirical investigations of time management amongst women involved in peasant agriculture are used to indicate that, although peasant agrarian time does contain important elements of ecological time, agrarian time is also always formed by social processes and power structures. This is evident at the moment, particularly given that structural changes in peasant agriculture are leading to an industrialization and `denaturalization' of agrarian time. At present, the garden, more than anywhere else, seems to be the place in which farming women can experience a `good time'. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/3/3/259.abstract ID - 873 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Innis, Harold Adams PY - 2004 BT - Changing concepts of time CY - Lanham, Maryland PB - Rowman & Littlefield N1 - Changing concepts of time KW - technology communication political economy Relevance: 3 politics political theory political time changing perceptions of time economics N2 - This classic book, Harold A. Innis's last, returns to print with a new introduction by James W. Carey. An elaboration of Innis's earlier theories, Changing Concepts of Time looks at then-new technological changes in communication and considers the different ways in which space and time are perceived. Innis explores military implications of the U.S. Constitution, freedom of the press, communication monopolies, culture, and press support of presidential candidates, among other interesting and diverse topics. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BuO00eQGdXUC ID - 593 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Isella, Lorenzo AU - Stehlé, Juliette AU - Barrat, Alain AU - Cattuto, Ciro AU - Pinton, Jean-François AU - Broeck, Wouter Van den PY - 2011 TI - What's in a crowd? Analysis of face-to-face behavioral networks SP - 166-180 JF - Journal of Theoretical Biology VL - 271 IS - 1 N1 - What's in a crowd? Analysis of face-to-face behavioral networks KW - Method: dynamic rather than static Method: social network analysis biology networks Temporality of academic work Museums face-to-face relevance: 2 N2 - The availability of new data sources on human mobility is opening new avenues for investigating the interplay of social networks, human mobility and dynamical processes such as epidemic spreading. Here we analyze data on the time-resolved face-to-face proximity of individuals in large-scale real-world scenarios. We compare two settings with very different properties, a scientific conference and a long-running museum exhibition. We track the behavioral networks of face-to-face proximity, and characterize them from both a static and a dynamic point of view, exposing important differences as well as striking similarities. We use our data to investigate the dynamics of a susceptible-infected model for epidemic spreading that unfolds on the dynamical networks of human proximity. The spreading patterns are markedly different for the conference and the museum case, and they are strongly impacted by the causal structure of the network data. A deeper study of the spreading paths shows that the mere knowledge of static aggregated networks would lead to erroneous conclusions about the transmission paths on the dynamical networks. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022519310006284 http://arxiv.org/abs/1006.1260 ID - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ives, A. R. AU - Dennis, B. AU - Cottingham, K. L. AU - Carpenter, S. R. PY - 2003 TI - Estimating Community Stability and Ecological Interactions from Time-Series Data SP - 301-330 JF - Ecological Monographs VL - 73 IS - 2 SN - 00129615 N1 - Estimating Community Stability and Ecological Interactions from Time-Series Data N1 - JSTOR KW - Ecology Method: time series analysis community stability ecological communities continuity over time methodology Method: dynamic rather than static Relevance: 3 N2 - Natural ecological communities are continuously buffeted by a varying environment, often making it difficult to measure the stability of communities using concepts requiring the existence of an equilibrium point. Instead of an equilibrium point, the equilibrial state of communities subject to environmental stochasticity is a stationary distribution, which is characterized by means, variances, and other statistical moments. Here, we derive three properties of stochastic multispecies communities that measure different characteristics associated with community stability. These properties can be estimated from multispecies time-series data using first-order multivariate autoregressive (MAR(1)) models. We demonstrate how to estimate the parameters of MAR(1) models and obtain confidence intervals for both parameters and the measures of stability. We also address the problem of estimation when there is observation (measurement) error. To illustrate these methods, we compare the stability of the planktonic communities in three lakes in which nutrient loading and planktivorous fish abundance were experimentally manipulated. MAR(1) models and the statistical methods we present can be used to identify dynamically important interactions between species and to test hypotheses about stability and other dynamical properties of naturally varying ecological communities. Thus, they can be used to integrate theoretical and empirical studies of community dynamics. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3100019 ID - 74 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jackson, Jeffrey M. PY - 2010 TI - Persecution and social histories: Towards an Adornian critique of Levinas SP - 719-733 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 36 IS - 6 N1 - Persecution and social histories: Towards an Adornian critique of Levinas N1 - 10.1177/0191453710366218 KW - history Philosophy inclusion/exclusion levinas Adorno Phenomenology Materiality ethics Relevance: 3 Husserl N2 - The respective philosophies of Emmanuel Levinas and Theodor Adorno share a concern with articulating a critique of Husserlian phenomenology which would do justice to the materiality of the subject. With this commonality in mind, it is argued that Levinas reifies this materiality by endowing it with a metaphysical priority expressive of ethical universality. In contrast, Adorno eschews the philosophical obsession with the assertion of metaphysical priority, insisting on the complexly historical nature of material life. In place of the Levinasian concern with the subject’s forgetting of her or his ethical responsibilities to ‘the Other’, Adorno’s notion of the primacy of the object helps to articulate the ways in which the subject is always already materially bound by singular social histories which are essentially exclusionary. Amelioration of our suffering would thus depend on a concrete break in material social life, rather than on an abstractly conceived revelation of transcendence. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/content/36/6/719.abstract ID - 927 ER - TY - JOUR AU - James, Ian PY - 2006 TI - On Interrupted Myth SP - 331 - 349 JF - Journal for Cultural Research VL - 9 IS - 4 N1 - On Interrupted Myth M3 - 10.1080/14797580500252571 KW - Jean-Luc Nancy Continental Philosophy Philosophy non-homogeneous community myth Break in time political theory action Relevance: 2 open future communism N2 - This article engages critically with Jean‐Luc Nancy’s thinking of community such as it develops in his collaboration with Philippe Lacoue‐Labarthe in the Centre for Philosophical Research on the Political (1980–1984) and in the major work which arises from this collaboration, The Inoperative Community (1986). It examines some of the responses to Nancy’s thinking on community (principally by Nancy Fraser, Simon Critchley and more recently by Andrew Norris), in order to suggest that the (to varying degrees) negative criticisms which have been advanced do not do justice to the philosophical complexity of his account. Through a detailed discussion of Nancy’s engagement with myth in The Inoperative Community and with the notion of “interrupted myth” this article argues that, although Nancy’s thought does not allow philosophy to provide a metaphysical foundation or projected programme for an engaged politics, it does point towards a “politics‐to‐come”. Such a politics would be articulated at the point at which Nancy’s thinking of community, “interrupted myth” and judgment or decision meet or mutually imply each other. Through a final discussion of Nancy’s more recent work around the question of worldhood and what he terms the “creation of the world”, this article will conclude that Nancy’s “politics of interruption” allows for a renewed engagement with the term “communism” and for a limited re‐inscription of the concept of the universal with political judgment or decision. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14797580500252571 ID - 452 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jameson, Fredric PY - 2003 TI - The End of Temporality SP - 695–718 JF - Critical Inquiry VL - 29 N1 - The End of Temporality KW - literary theory Postmodernism modernity time and space methodology Multiple temporalities history Relevance: 2 Philosophy temporal distancing time as all encompassing Asynchrony Development industrialisation coordinating between different times Deep time critical temporalities time as missing element Uneven development Modernization globalisation N2 - not available - from the text: Even if such a shift from a temporal to a spatial dominant be acknowledged, however, it would seem momentous enough to demand further explanation; the causal or historical hypotheses are here neither evident nor plausible. Why should the great age of Western imperialism, for example—beginning with the conference of Berlin in 1885, it is more or less contemporaneous with the flourishing of what we call modern art—be any less spatially impressionable than that of globalization today? By much the same token, why should the stressed and harried followers of today’s stock market listings be any less temporally sensitive than the residents of the first great industrial cities? I want to suggest an account in terms of something like existential uneven development; it fleshes out the proposition that modernism is to be grasped as a culture of incomplete modernization and links that situation to the proposition about modernism’s temporal dominant. The argument was suggested by Arno Mayer’s Persistence of the Old Regime, which documents a counterintuitive lag in the modernization of Europe, where, even at the turn of the last century and the putative heyday of high modernism, only a minute percentage of the social and physical space of the West could be considered either fully modern in technology or production or substantially bourgeois in its class culture.7 These twin developments were not completed in most European countries until the end of World War II. It is an astonishing revision, which demands the correction of many of our historical stereotypes; in the matter that concerns us here, it will therefore be in the area of an only partially industrialized and defeudalized social order that we have to explain the emergence of the various modernisms. I want to conjecture that the protagonists of those aesthetic and philosophical revolutions were people who still lived in two distinct worlds simultaneously; born in those agricultural villages we still sometimes characterize as medieval or premodern, they developed their vocations in the new urban agglomerations with their radically distinct and “modern” spaces and temporalities. The sensitivity to deep time in the moderns then registers this comparatist perception of the two socioeconomic temporalities, which the first modernists had to negotiate in their own lived experience. By the same token, when the premodern vanishes, when the peasantry shrinks to a picturesque remnant, when suburbs replace the villages and modernity reigns triumphant and homogeneous over all space, then the very sense of an alternate temporality disappears as well, and postmodern generations are dispossessed (without even knowing it) of any differential sense of that deep time the first moderns sought to inscribe in their writing. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1344442 ID - 453 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Jameson, Fredric PY - 2005 BT - Archaeologies of the future: the desire called utopia and other science fictions CY - London PB - Verso N1 - Archaeologies of the future: the desire called utopia and other science fictions KW - literary theory science fiction Utopia imagined futures the future Shared future Absence of future inclusion/exclusion Apocalypse politics Revolution Relevance: 2 postcommunism N2 - In an age of globalization characterized by the dizzying technologies of the First World, and the social disintegration of the Third, is the concept of utopia still meaningful?Archaeologies of the Future, Jameson's most substantial work since Postmodernism, Or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism, investigates the development of this form since Thomas More, and interrogates the functions of utopian thinking in a post-Communist age.The relationship between utopia and science fiction is explored through the representations of otherness alien life and alien worlds and a study of the works of Philip K. Dick, Ursula LeGuin, William Gibson, Brian Aldiss, Kim Stanley Robinson and more. Jameson's essential essays, including "The Desire Called Utopia," conclude with an examination of the opposing positions on utopia and an assessment of its political value today.Archaeologies of the Future is the third volume, after Postmodernism and A Singular Modernity, of Jameson's project on the Poetics of Social Forms. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=sPBad_aN0i0C ID - 2054 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jaretti, Sergio PY - 1987 TI - Space/Time for Leisure: Some Notes towards a New Approach in Urban Planning SP - 309-314 JF - European Journal of Education VL - 22 IS - 3/4 SN - 01418211 N1 - Space/Time for Leisure: Some Notes towards a New Approach in Urban Planning N1 - JSTOR KW - leisure time education planning urban communities time use Relevance: unknown N2 - no abstract available UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1502903 ID - 83 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jarosz, L. A. PY - 1994 TI - Taboo and Time-Work Experience in Madagascar SP - 439-450 JF - Geographical Review VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 00167428 N1 - Taboo and Time-Work Experience in Madagascar KW - labour time Agriculture national time Standardisation Critical temporalities identity Geography Africa Relevance: 2 changing perceptions of time economics temporal distancing N2 - The rice cultivators of Alaotra, Madagascar, resist changes in time-work experience initiated by the green revolution. Cultivators observe taboo days for economic, social, and cultural reasons and as an evasive tactic in the face of state intervention in landownership and cropping patterns. Peasant work rhythms are not mindless adherence to tradition: they are logical responses to economic and social constraints and signify cultural practices that ensure group identity and the continued existence of cultural rules. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/215758 ID - 275 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jarvis, H. PY - 2011 TI - Saving space, sharing time: integrated infrastructures of daily life in cohousing SP - 560-577 JF - Environment and Planning A VL - 43 IS - 3 N1 - Saving space, sharing time: integrated infrastructures of daily life in cohousing KW - home Public and private time U.K. USA Method: ethnography multiple temporalities temporal conflict Critical temporalities Sustainability intentional communities Relevance: 1 N2 - This paper explores the concept of collective housing, notably the North American model of purpose-built cohousing, to understand better the functions of space and time at the neglected scale of collective (colocated) interhousehold collaboration. The defining features of this form of intentional community typically include the clustering of smaller-than-average private residences to maximise shared open spaces for social interaction; common facilities for shared daily use; and consensus-based collective self-governance. This paper critically examines the infrastructures of daily life which evolve from, and ease, collective activity and the shared occupation of space. Discussion draws on observations from eight communities in the UK and USA, using selected ethnographic vignettes to illustrate a variety of alternative temporalities which coincide with a shifting and blurring of privatised dwelling. The resulting analysis exposes multiple temporal scales and innovative uses and meanings of time and space. The paper concludes by speculating on the contemporary significance of collective living arrangements and the role this might play in future sustainability. UR - http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a43296 ID - 820 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jarvis, Helen AU - Pain, Rachel AU - Pooley, Colin PY - 2011 TI - Multiple scales of time - space and lifecourse SP - 519-524 JF - Environment and Planning A VL - 43 IS - 3 N1 - Multiple scales of time - space and lifecourse KW - time and space coordinating between different times life course Multiple temporalities human Geography Geography Relevance: 3 sustainability health Families labour time N2 - not available - from the text: All everyday activities require the negotiation of space and time: this has been a long-term interest within human geography, notably in this journal (Anderson, 1971; Carlstein et al, 1978; Goodchild and Janelle, 1984; Meentemeyer, 1989). From these straightforward beginnings, research in the discipline has increasingly sought to uncover the complexities inherent in what are, on the surface at least, unremarkable daily moments. Empirical and conceptual explorations are becoming more holistic in nature in order to understand individual behaviour in context: the social, cultural, economic, and political structures and norms that surround the deceptively mundane activities and practices that make up everyday life. Close examination of the detail of lives, constraints, opportunities, andöoftenöthe social and spatial inequalities involved, also raises questions around social and environmental justice and sustainability. In particular, the ways in which we effect time ^ space negotiations vary over the lifecourse in response to factors such as family and work responsibilities and personal health and capability. UR - http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a44101 ID - 817 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jauhola, Marjaana N1 - Mar 16, 2011 PY - 2011 TI - We Will Build Aceh and Nias and We Will Built it Back Better: Normative Temporality and Spatiality in Community-Based Gender Mainstreaming Initiatives in Aceh T3 - International Studies Association Annual Conference "Global Governance: Political Authority in Transition" CY - MONTREAL, QUEBEC, CANADA KW - Relevance: 1 Indonesia Asia Development International Relations Gender Natural disasters environment communities in crisis normativity time and space international politics politics Shared future organisational temporalities linear time politics of time Queer temporalities critical temporalities Becoming Halberstam Butler Queer theory AB - The epicentre of the Indian Ocean earthquakes and the tsunami on the 26th of December in 2004 was a hundred kilometres off the coast of the Province of Aceh, Indonesia. Within a couple of weeks after the tsunami a massive 4.8 billion Euros tsunami recovery and reconstruction effort was pledged and in August 2005 the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) that ended 29 years of armed conflict. For many, it was time to "build Aceh back better". This paper explores the normative effects of 'building back better' in Aceh offering insights to the wider discussion on governmentality of reconstruction efforts. The paper focuses on the constructs of linear temporality and developmental spatiality of community-based approaches of reconstruction efforts. Drawing on the emerging literature in IR on conceptualisation of politics of temporality and spatiality (Hutchings 2008; Edkins 2003) alongside with queer feminist readings of heteronormativity (Halberstam 2005; Butler 2004) the paper articulates local subversion that suggests that Aceh is in a constant process of becoming. The analysis draws on the recently completed PhD research on the normative boundaries of gender mainstreaming advocacy in the post-tsunami context in Aceh, Indonesia. N1 - See also: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7103400 UR - http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p501591_index.html ID - 128 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jennifer, Bonnell PY - 2008 TI - A Comforting Past: Skirting Conflict and Complexity at Montgomery’s Inn SP - 127-153 JF - Journal of Canadian Studies/Revue d'études canadiennes VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 1911-0251 N1 - A Comforting Past: Skirting Conflict and Complexity at Montgomery’s Inn N1 - Project Muse KW - the past temporal conflict temporal complexity Heritage Museums Canada memory history imagined pasts commemorative events Separation from the past temporal distancing historiography Relevance: 2 Urban communities N2 - This essay explores the history of Montgomery’s Inn, a nineteenth-century tavern redeveloped in the 1960s as a community museum in the Toronto suburb of Etobicoke. The inn becomes an interesting microcosm for the nature of 1960s commemorations: the weakness of the site lies not in its selection of artifacts or historical themes, but rather in its representation of the past as a simpler and more harmonious time, removed from complexity and the forces of change. This tendency to romanticize the past is due in part to forces at work in the period in which the museum was established. The essay compares aspects of the site’s interpretation of the past with the existing historiography on life in mid-nineteenth-century Upper Canada/Canada West. It shows that the “authentic” past at Montgomery’s Inn, as much as we can know it, was far from simple and harmonious. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_canadian_studies/v042/42.1.bonnell.html ID - 92 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jensen, Gary F. PY - 1997 TI - Time and Social History: Problems of Atemporality in Historical Analyses with Illustrations from Research on Early Modern Witch Hunts SP - 46-57 JF - Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0161-5440 N1 - Time and Social History: Problems of Atemporality in Historical Analyses with Illustrations from Research on Early Modern Witch Hunts KW - history Methodology Critique of discipline Method: dynamic rather than static time as missing element Sociology Method: time series analysis conceptions of time change over time Method: quantitative Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: In the introduction to his work on The Sociology of Time, John Hassard (1990, 1) states: “Time is the missing variable in modern sociological analysis.” Although this statement is the preface to a call for greater attention to time as a distinct sociological subject matter, it can be argued that time is the missing variable in a considerable volume of recent work in two lines of scholarship emphasizing covariations over time-historical sociology and time-series analyses in the sociology of crime and punishment. A body of literature by historical sociologists concerned with issues of “temporality” is emerging (see Aminzade 1992; Isaac and Griffin 1989; Griffin and Isaac 1992), but most attempts to move tests of sociohistorical theories to a new level of precision fail to consider conceptual issues involving time. For example, even historical sociologists typically fail to specify the level of temporal aggregation or “fractal” scaling that applies to tests of their theories and shift capriciously among levels in the process of advocating preferred theories and challenging alternatives.‘ Similarly, “timeseries analyses” testing sociohistorical theories of crime and punishment use statistical techniques with virtually no discussion of the fit between the conception of time or temporality implicated in those decisions and the temporal processes envisioned in the theories to be tested. Problems of atemporality in both quantitative and discursive historical analysis will be discussed in detail and illustrated through a quantitative analysis of data on early modern witch hunts.’ UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/01615449709601174 ID - 652 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jervolino, Domenico PY - 2007 TI - Ricoeur lecteur de Patocka SP - 201-217 JF - Studia Phaenomenologica: Romanian Journal of Phenomenology VL - 7 N1 - Ricoeur lecteur de Patocka AN - 2102409 N1 - Philosophers Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Philosophy Continental Philosophy Ricoeur History Embodiment Review article phenomenology embodiment social time Relevance: 1 Husserl N2 - In this essay, Domenico Jervolino summarizes twenty years of Ricoeur's reading of Patocka's work, up to the Neapolitan conference of 1997. Nowhere is Ricoeur closer to Patocka's asubjective phenomenology. Both thinkers belong, together with authors like Merleau-Ponty and Levinas, to a third phase of the phenomenological movement, marked by the search for a new approach to the relation between human beings and world, beyond Husserl and Heidegger. In the search for this approach, Patocka strongly underlines the relation between body, temporality and sociality. Central to this new encounter of Patocka and Ricoeur is the discovery of an idea of interhuman community based on an a-subjective conception of existence. UR - not available ID - 184 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson, Allen PY - 1975 TI - Time Allocation in a Machiguenga Community SP - 301-310 JF - Ethnology VL - 14 IS - 3 SN - 00141828 N1 - Time Allocation in a Machiguenga Community N1 - JSTOR KW - Method: ethnography Method: quantitative Anthropology Time allocation methodology critique of discipline time as missing element method: participant observation method: time-use data relevance: 2 N2 - not available, from the text: The manner in which individuals spend their time is a basic dimension of ethnographic description. Under such headings as "the daily round," "the annual cycle," or "the division of labor by sex," most ethnographies eventually describe the broad outlines of time allocation in the community. This information is then used by theorists to construct comparative generalizations. In general, however, ethnographic estimates of time inputs or product outputs are rarely quantified...Despite the achievement of a relatively high level of quantification in a few studies, some serious measurement problems remain. The most serious concerns the representativeness of the data...second, conclusions drawn from an intensive study of a few individuals cannot automatically be extended to the remainder of the community. A second measurement problem is that full-time studies of human activities are both time consuming and exhausting, because direct observation of activities is the only reliable technique for most purposes A third problem is the absence of uniform means of reporting data...A solution to these problems could be sought in devoting more field time to the study of time allocation. Experience shows, however, that this strategy rapidly exceeds the point of diminishing returns. For although time expenditure data are often crucial in anthropological explanations, they are seldom the only matters at issue; rather, they constitute one data set in far more extensive arguments. Devotion of major amounts of field time to collecting time-allocation data results in degrees of accuracy too detailed to interest most anthropologists, while simultaneously sacrificing such other basic information as exchange relations or kinship structure, which anthropologists also consider essential. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/37 ID - 76 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson-Hanks, Jennifer PY - 2002 TI - On the Limits of Life Stages in Ethnography: Toward a Theory of Vital Conjunctures SP - 865-880 JF - American Anthropologist VL - 104 IS - 3 SN - 00027294 N1 - On the Limits of Life Stages in Ethnography: Toward a Theory of Vital Conjunctures KW - Anthropology Method: ethnography Methodology life course Method: dynamic rather than static Bourdieu families Agency relevance: 2 Unpredictibility future orientation Method: life histories Cameroon Gender temporal boundaries reproductive time children/youth Families N2 - This article argues for a new anthropology of the life course, one founded in indeterminacy and innovation. The fact that vital life events are rarely coherent, clear in direction, or fixed in outcome dramatically limits the usefulness of the life cycle model. In its place, I propose a unit of social analysis based in aspiration rather than event. I call this the vital conjuncture--integrating the "vital" of demographic vital events with Bourdieu's conception of the conjuncture of structure and action. Vital conjunctures suggest a new way of aggregating life history experiences and thus working between the individual and the social, free from the stultifying assumption of étapes de vie. To illustrate the usefulness of the concept of "vital conjuncture," I focus on motherhood among young, educated Beti women in southern Cameroon. I demonstrate that rather than a clear threshold into female adulthood, here motherhood is a loosely bounded, fluid status. Contrary both to folk intuition and to the assumptions of a life cycle framework, Beti motherhood is not a stable status. Beti women who have borne children are not necessarily mothers, at least not all the time. Motherhood, instead, constitutes a temporary social status, an agent position that can be inhabited in specific forms of social action. The material offers perhaps an extreme example of what I argue is a more general phenomenon: "life stages" emerge only as the result of institutional projects; their coherence should be an object, rather than an assumption, of ethnographic inquiry. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3567262 ID - 296 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson-Hanks, J. PY - 2002 TI - On the modernity of traditional contraception: time and the social context of fertility SP - 229-249 JF - Population and Development Review VL - 28 IS - 2 SN - 0098-7921 N1 - On the modernity of traditional contraception: time and the social context of fertility KW - health care Reproductive time women social time Development time management Cyclical time scheduling modernity Tradition inclusion/exclusion time as symbolic resource Cameroon Method: surveys Meaning technology Relevance: 2 asynchrony N2 - Many studies of fertility implicitly equate temporal management, biomedical contraception, and "modernity" on the one hand, and "tradition,' the lack of intentional timing, and uncontrolled fertility on the other. This article questions that equation, focusing on the widespread use of periodic abstinence in southern Cameroon. Drawing on field data and the Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey, the article investigates how local concepts of timing shape both contraceptive choice and the evaluation of methods as "modern" or "traditional.' Cameroonian women prefer periodic abstinence because they perceive it as "modern,' a modernity tied both to the social context in which it is taught and to its unique temporal form. By contrast, Depo-Provera, pills, and the IUD are seen as less-than-modern, because they are less exigent of temporal control. The reliance on a behavioural, rather than technological, contraceptive method parallels the experience of the European fertility transition. Cameroonian women draw on a complex social repertoire in making contraceptive choices; methods are preferred or rejected not only on the basis of their efficacy in averting pregnancy, but also because of their correspondence to models of legitimate social action. Reproductive practices may have social motivations that are unrelated to fertility per se. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a715059656 ID - 657 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Johnson-Hanks, Jennifer PY - 2005 TI - When the Future Decides: Uncertainty and Intentional Action in Contemporary Cameroon SP - 363-385 JF - Current Anthropology VL - 46 IS - 3 SN - 00113204 N1 - When the Future Decides: Uncertainty and Intentional Action in Contemporary Cameroon KW - Future women future orientation Unpredictibility Cameroon Africa Anthropology Planning Futurity Absence of future action reproductive time life course Agency chronos/kairos method: ethnography Schutz Causality Relevance: 2 N2 - Young Beti women in Cameroon regularly assert that because they are uncertain about what the future will bring, they cannot make any plans. But they do plan, strategize, and indeed act quite effectively. The purpose of this paper is to explain how they do so, specifically in reference to marriage and reproduction, and thereby to contribute to a general understanding of intentionality, uncertainty, and social action. Action has been commonly theorized as the fulfillment of a prior intention. But uncertainties, both the probabilistic uncertainty of events and the subject’s experience of uncertainty, threaten to dissolve the link between intention and its fulfillment. This paper argues that, at least under the conditions of uncertainty applicable in contemporary Africa, effective social action is based not on the fulfillment of prior intentions but on a judicious opportunism: the actor seizes promising chances. In other words, women’s negation of Weberian rational action is not a lack; by engaging in heterogeneous activities without a clear trajectory in mind, they are able to get by. The paper makes this argument on the basis of ethnographic and demographic data from Cameroon and theoretical analyses of the work of Searle, Schutz, and Hume. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/428799 ID - 2015 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jolly, Margaret PY - 1999 TI - Another Time, Another Place SP - 282-299 JF - Oceania VL - 69 IS - 4 SN - 00298077 N1 - Another Time, Another Place KW - Gender multiple temporalities narrative Pacific Island nations religion migration inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 time/space compression feminist theory Modernity postmodernism women's time N2 - This paper explores the way in which the languages of space and time condense and how the values of spatiotemporal fluidity and fixity are gendered. It considers several narratives from South Pentecost, Vanuatu, stories of primordial beings and of more proximate ancestors which alike stress women's association with flight and flood. Such narratives are situated in the context of labour migration in colonial history and more recent patterns of migration to towns. Here too, the movement of men and women is differentially constructed. These processes are considered in the context of recent feminist theories of the relation of spatiality and temporality, in modernity and 'postmodernity'. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/40331696 ID - 259 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jonas, Kai J. AU - Huguet, Pascal PY - 2008 TI - What Day Is Today? A Social-Psychological Investigation Into the Process of Time Orientation SP - 353-365 JF - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin VL - 34 IS - 3 N1 - What Day Is Today? A Social-Psychological Investigation Into the Process of Time Orientation N1 - 10.1177/0146167207311202 KW - psychology orientation within time social time future orientation time as horizon Goals Biological time Relevance: 2 N2 - Social-psychological research on time has pointed to the social construct of time rather than a mere physical entity that we reflect cognitively. Using two paradigms (day retrieval process and goal priming), the authors show that the time orientation is strongly prone to social influences and argue that a self-regulatory process underlies these findings. The degree of social comparison orientation in Study 1 and the degree of identification with groups for which the landmark is relevant (Study 2) both moderate the functionality of the landmarks within time orientation. Consistent with these findings, Studies 3 and 4 offer evidence that the activation of a personally relevant goal activates the day of goal attainment, a process that again can be moderated by social comparison orientation and identification. Overall, these results suggest a socially regulated time orientation. The internal clock (if any) is at least partly a 'social clock'. UR - http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/34/3/353 ID - 781 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Jones, Owain AU - Cloke, Paul PY - 2008 BT - Material Agency: Towards a Non-Anthropocentric Approach ED - Knappett, Carl ED - Malafouris, Lambros CT - Non-Human Agencies: Trees in Place and Time CY - New York PB - Springer US SP - 1-18 N1 - Non-Human Agencies: Trees in Place and Time N1 - cites relevant author KW - agency Materiality Multiple temporalities place human Geography Relevance: 3 change over time more-than-human communities critical temporalities conceptions of time N2 - not available - from the text: Social life is bound into all these almost untraceably complex, intersecting, farreaching space-time material patterns, but this is not a fixed binding. Social life can, in turn alter the processes into which it is woven, at both the local and global scales. Indeed, the capacity of humans to act creatively – a basic definition of agency – often leads to the view that we are the only force in the world equipped with agency. We argue, along with others, that this denial of non-human materiality is both deluded and potentially dangerous. Non-human agencies not only co-constitute the contexts of life, but they also frequently reconstitute the fabrics of day-to-day life and the places and spaces in which it is lived. Bodies, houses, cities, offices, countryside and so on should all be viewed as contributing to human relations in myriad ways. On the basis of this realisation, a range of approaches are now reopening the question of non-human agency, relational agency, and, not least, the agency of materiality. In this chapter, we review some of these approaches, focussing on new conceptualisations of place and time in human geography that seek to re-embrace the agency of non-humans and the politics and ethics which are affected by such agency. Our empirical context for this exploration is a research project in which we examined the agency of trees in different case study places. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74711-8_5 ID - 235 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jordán, Ferenc PY - 2009 TI - Children in time: community organization in social and ecological systems SP - 1579-1585 JF - Current Science VL - 97 IS - 11 N1 - Children in time: community organization in social and ecological systems N1 - Google Scholar KW - method: social network analysis ecology method: longitudinal analysis ecological communities networks Methodology education organisational temporalities change over time relevance: 3 children/youth Hierarchy N2 - The hierarchical organization of many ecological and social systems calls for a better understanding of part to-whole relationships. Network analysis provides a tool for this and it is routinely used for modelling interaction systems. I present a longitudinal social network analysis of a classroom focusing on properties ecologists would be most interested in. Analyses of ecological and social networks share many methodologies, and with many problems cross-relevant, I discuss the possibilities of cross-disciplinary thinking. I quantify the structural balance, the core–periphery organization, small-world character, the Key Player nestedness and the invadibility of this human community, over time, in the social network setting and look for ecological parallels. UR - http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/dec102009/1579.pdf ID - 120 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jordan, Glenn PY - 1995 TI - Flight from Modernity: Time, the other and the Discourse of Primitivism SP - 281-303 JF - Time & Society VL - 4 IS - 3 N1 - Flight from Modernity: Time, the other and the Discourse of Primitivism N1 - 10.1177/0961463X95004003002 KW - modernity Coevalness timelessness inclusion/exclusion art Anthropology Difference Critical temporalities Multiple temporalities race cultural variants of time Cultural diversity Development Static time continuity over time change over time Relevance: 2 N2 - The escape from modernity and the turn to `the primitive', the twin pillars of primitivism, are dominant - although not always acknowledged - themes in modern Western art and anthropology. This article explores these themes through an examination of the construction of difference in critical-primitivist discourses. Particular attention is paid to, first, German Expressionism and, second, the primitivist critical theory of Stanley Diamond, radical American anthropologist and founding editor of Dialectical Anthropology. Primitivism can be emancipatory. However, whether articulated by radicals or reactionaries, it presupposes that some people belong to the modern (or postmodern) world while others belong to `prehistory' or `tradition'; that some people are fixed in time while others develop through time. Notions of temporality are a central component of Western discourses of racial and cultural difference: unfortunately, the temporal assumptions of the primitivist are often those of the racist. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/4/3/281.abstract ID - 874 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jorgensen, Estelle R. PY - 1995 TI - Music Education as Community SP - 71-84 JF - Journal of Aesthetic Education VL - 29 IS - 3 N1 - Music Education as Community N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Education Music method: dynamic rather than static Relevance: 1 processual Dewey Pragmatism N2 - Using the idea of community as a metaphor for and metaphorical model of music education, aspects of the notions of community as place, in time, as process, and as end are explored and implications for music education are discussed. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3333542 ID - 155 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Joseph, Betty PY - 2002 TI - Gendering Time in Globalization: The Belatedness of the Other Woman and Jamaica Kincaid's Lucy SP - 67-83 JF - Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature VL - 21 IS - 1 SN - 07327730 N1 - Gendering Time in Globalization: The Belatedness of the Other Woman and Jamaica Kincaid's Lucy KW - Globalisation temporal distancing Multiple temporalities Coevalness literary theory literature Relevance: 2 narrative gender contradictory present temporal conflict cultural diversity time as all encompassing feminist theory timelessness Democratic present critical temporalities Asynchrony feminism Uneven development N2 - This essay will explore the significance of the time lag in globalization and its relationship to cultural difference by way of two texts--one of journalism and the other of literature. I have already discussed the persistent structuring work of time in the otherwise triumphalist rhetoric of globalization and suggested that a time lag in the experience of global capital is a sign of its failure to truly universalize. I the subsequent discussion, first I will identify one response to globalization's failure-a nationalist-culturalist one accessed through an interview with a right-wing politician from India-in order to argue that feminism theorized in an international or global frame may need to rethink cultural pluralism as an adequate basis for such work. Then I will move onto Jamaica Kincaid's novel Lucy( 1990) in order to flesh out an alternative narrativization of this time lag, one that may allow feminists to conceptualize lternatives to the universalist categories that are becoming hegemonic (timeless) under globalization. These alternative categories, as we shall see, may effect agendas that will displace more establihsed notions of 'class struggle' and 'class consciousness' within globalisation. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4149216 ID - 298 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Julkunen, R. PY - 1977 TI - A Contribution to the Categories of Social Time and the Economy of Time SP - 5-24 JF - Acta Sociologica VL - 20 IS - 1 SN - 0001-6993 N1 - A Contribution to the Categories of Social Time and the Economy of Time AN - WOS:A1977DE49700001 KW - social time economics Sociology Public and private time Methodology development organisational temporalities time as resource time as context time allocation time management Progress changing perceptions of time Marxism Relevance: 2 N2 - The article strives to demonstrate the centrality of the category of social time (a) in people's daily lives, (b) as a methodological tool in the study of social process, and (c) as a means towards the planned development and management of advanced societies. Social time has two aspects: rhythm of life and available total time. The article shows that in advanced societies total time and its rational allocation are central in the development of society and individual personality. The nature of social time in less developed societies is also reviewed as well as the historical development of time awareness and the problems of the research on time budget. The article is based on the conceptions about the nature of the economy of time that emerged from reading Marx's Grundrisse UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4194164 ID - 808 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Jurczyk, Karin PY - 1998 TI - Time and women’s everyday lives: between self-determination and conflicting demands SP - 283-308 JF - Time & Society VL - 7 IS - 2 N1 - Time and women’s everyday lives: between self-determination and conflicting demands KW - gender women Public and private time temporal conflict time scarcity Families labour time Scheduling temporal inequality Multiple temporalities time management Care work women's time temporal complexity Relevance: 2 N2 - Carrying the `double burden' of juggling a family and a job with different schedules, how can women achieve a favourable life situtation in the face of such conflicting demands? Battles for time arise through the complexities and expectations of everyday life, which is why it is important to find a way of consciously and effectively managing one's time. Working from an empirical investigation into the `conduct of everyday life' of women and men in different systems of work time, the author highlights differences between the social construct `feminine time' as `time for others' and the empirical time experiences of women. She considers to what extent it is justifiable to speak of `women's' experiences of time when these differ greatly according to age, profession, class, family status and cultural background. In conclusion, some patterns of dealing with time are outlined and some `conditions for success' identified. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/7/2-3/283.abstract ID - 988 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kahn, Paul W. PY - 2006-2007 TI - Political Time: Sovereignty and the Transtemporal Community SP - 259 - 276 JF - Cardozo Law Review VL - 28 IS - 1 N1 - Political Time: Sovereignty and the Transtemporal Community N1 - google scholar KW - Political time politics multiple temporalities temporal conflict political theory philosophy timelessness eternity historical time Market time coordinating between different times critique of discipline time as symbolic resource Assumptions about time obscuring x inclusion/exclusion in/commensurability between times relevance: 1 democratic present N2 - [first section of intro no abstract available] We live with a complex conceptual inheritance that draws equally on the thought of classical Greece, Christianity, and the Enlightenment. Oversimplifying greatly, we can say that the Greeks formulated the ambition to subject the soul and the state to the order of reason; the Christians turned from reason to a will informed by grace; and the Enlightenment turned both reason and will toward a new appreciation of the ordinary as the object of interest and the limit of experience. 1 All of these elements continue to inform our experience of the political. Each frames political time differently. The perspective of reason is that of timeless principle: politics is measured against principles of justice derived from argument, not experience. The perspective of will is that of history: politics is measured against a past that is understood as a kind of sacred self-revelation of the community. The perspective of interest is that of the present: politics is measured by markets. The confusion over the temporal character of our political life results from theorists and practitioners taking one perspective as the "truth," and viewing the others as mere fictions or confusions. In fact, we live within multiple incommensurable symbolic frameworks. In different contexts, we are likely to appeal to different frameworks-principle, history, or interest. Theorists may be uncomfortable with the inability to give a single account of our political lives, but citizens of the modern state usually live comfortably within these multiple worlds. UR - http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/cdozo28&div=21&g_sent=1&collection=journals ID - 117 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kalpagam, U. PY - 1999 TI - Temporalities, History and Routines of Rule in Colonial India SP - 141-159 JF - Time & Society VL - 8 IS - 1 N1 - Temporalities, History and Routines of Rule in Colonial India N1 - 10.1177/0961463X99008001007 KW - india Colonialism Routines history organisational temporalities Coevalness national time time as all encompassing changing perceptions of time Progress time as symbolic resource time as tool for political legitimation Foucault time discipline Bhabha historical time Relevance: 2 N2 - British colonial rule in India, as elsewhere in the world, reconstituted categories of time and space through its administrative practices. This paper explores how a state temporality was introduced which in turn enabled a discourse of progress and history. Drawing upon the works of Foucault and recent postcolonial studies, it argues that the requirement of `normalized' colonial subjects as objects of colonial regulatory practices rendered history as a site of colonial mimicry. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/8/1/141.abstract ID - 884 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kalu, Wilhelmina J. PY - 2002 TI - African Families and Time-Use in Polychrone-Thinking Communities SP - 43-55 N1 - 2011/08/02 JF - American Journal of Pastoral Counseling VL - 4 N1 - African Families and Time-Use in Polychrone-Thinking Communities M3 - 10.1300/J062v04n04_04 KW - Families time use Multiple temporalities care work Social work health care social coordination temporal ordering orientation within time methodology Assumptions about time obscuring x time as symbolic resource africa temporal conflict Relevance: 2 N2 - This article expands the perceptual set of cross-cultural pastoral counselors and care-providers with reference to the fundamental dimension of time as a means of organizing human behavior. It does so by proposing two contrasting yet complimentary views of time: namely, polychrone-thinking patterns as differentiated from monochrone thought patterns. The differentiation of these two thought patterns and their behavioral implications can enhance the accuracy of the counselor's perception of the time-oriented reality of the client. Absent is the ability to differentiate these two experiences of time coded into the priorities of diverse cultures, the cross-cultural counselor will fail to understand the direction of relationships and the interpretations of events as they are actually occurring both within the counselling context and within the wider world of client participants. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J062v04n04_04 ID - 2006 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Kanneh, Kadiatu PY - 1998 BT - African identities: race, nation, and culture in ethnography, pan-Africanism and Black literatures CY - London PB - Routledge N1 - African identities: race, nation, and culture in ethnography, pan-Africanism and Black literatures SN - 978-0-415-16444-3 KW - Race nationalism Anthropology Africa identity literary theory Method: ethnography method: autobiography Method: textual analysis national time Critical temporalities Relevance: 3 ethnicity origin stories history N2 - This fascinating and thoughtful analysis explores the meanings associated with "Africa" and "Blackness" throughout the century. Using literary texts, autobiography, ethnography, and historical documents,African Identities discusses how ideas of Africa as an origin, as a cultural whole, or as a complicated political problematic emerge as signifiers for analysis of modernity, nationhood and racial difference. Kanneh provides detailed readings of a range of literary texts, including novels by, Toni Morrison, Alice Walker, Gloria Naylor,Ngugi Wa Thiong'o, Chinua Achebe and V.S. Naipaul. For anyone interested in literature, history, anthropology, political writing, feminist or cultural analysis, this book opens up new ways of thinking about race. see section "Cultures of resistance: nation and time" pp85-93 UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=62AME9zAmdIC ID - 637 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kaplan, Danny PY - 2009 TI - The Songs of the Siren: Engineering National Time on Israeli Radio SP - 313-345 JF - Cultural Anthropology VL - 24 IS - 2 SN - 08867356 N1 - The Songs of the Siren: Engineering National Time on Israeli Radio KW - nationalism national time Anthropology Israel Communication Technology time reckoning Method: ethnography music media radio Scheduling Commemorative events public and private time homogenising present Synchronicity Sacred time Ritual Relevance: 2 Bureaucracy Middle East war Judaism N2 - This article explores how Israeli radio stations regulate national time in accordance with Jewish--Zionist temporal regimes. Informed by an ethnographic study of popular music programming on national and regional radio stations it is shown how broadcasting schedules operate as a uniform pendulum alternating between everyday life and times of commemoration or emergency. Following examples of music broadcasting during 'Memorial Day for Fallen Soldiers,' the first Gulf War and terror attacks during the second Palestinian Intifadah the author explores a practice of "mood shifting" that is borrowed from the bureaucratic logic of commemoration rituals to times of war and terror attacks. The mood shift activates a commemorative mode that echoes sacred mnemonic devices of Jewish remembrance. Consequently, it is argued that times of emergency in Israeli culture are represented through and subordinated to sacred experience, substituting a political interpretation of terrorism with a mythic framework. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20484541 ID - 597 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Karsai, M. AU - Kivelä, M. AU - Pan, R. K. AU - Kaski, K. AU - Kertész, J. AU - Barabási, A.-L. AU - Saramäki, J. PY - 2011 TI - Small but slow world: How network topology and burstiness slow down spreading SP - 025102 JF - Physical Review E VL - 83 IS - 2 N1 - Small but slow world: How network topology and burstiness slow down spreading KW - knowledge knowledge production Method: social network analysis networks communication change over time non-linear time social change Relevance: 2 Deceleration of time N2 - While communication networks show the small-world property of short paths, the spreading dynamics in them turns out slow. Here, the time evolution of information propagation is followed through communication networks by using empirical data on contact sequences and the susceptible-infected model. Introducing null models where event sequences are appropriately shuffled, we are able to distinguish between the contributions of different impeding effects. The slowing down of spreading is found to be caused mainly by weight-topology correlations and the bursty activity patterns of individuals. UR - citeulike-article-id:8864914 http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.83.025102 ID - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Katovich, Michael A. PY - 1987 TI - Durkheim’s Macrofoundations of Time: An Assessment and Critique SP - 367-385 JF - The Sociological Quarterly VL - 28 IS - 3 N1 - Durkheim’s Macrofoundations of Time: An Assessment and Critique N1 - course outline - A Mische KW - durkheim Sociology social cohesion time as symbolic resource linear time Sequence organisational temporalities methodology critique of discipline evolution Repetition Relevance: 2 Solidarity N2 - in this article, Durkheim's theory of time will be assessed in reference to his theory of transactions (organic solidarity). Specifically, Durkheim associated time with a metaphorical conception of the transaction that separated: (1) macrofoundations from microstates, and (2) external constraints from subjective states. This separation led to a conception of time as dominated by linear, rigid sequential, and categorical images. Counterposed to this metaphor are more dynamic, interpersonal, and cybernetic conceptions of temporality and transactions, which can be integrated with Durkheim's scheme to suggest another way of bridging the micro-macro distinction-through the use of time and temporality. This integration will be discussed in relation to five conceptions of time that will, in turn, be used to evaluate and critique Durkheim's macrofoundations. These conceptions are: (1) the evolutionary-transformational, (2) the categorical, (3) the iterative, (4) the rigid sequential, and (5) the negotiated sequential. The article concludes by suggesting that Durkheim's emphasis on the rigid sequential conception can inform and be informed by modern-day emphases on iterative and negotiated sequential conceptions. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4120649 ID - 552 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kattan, Shlomy PY - 2008 TI - Time and Identity: Socializing Schedules and the Implications for Community SP - 3-30 JF - Issues in Applied Linguistics VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 1050-4273 N1 - Time and Identity: Socializing Schedules and the Implications for Community N1 - Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (LLBA) KW - identity Scheduling linguistics Method: ethnography Israel individual time social time social coordination Method: discourse analysis social conflict in/commensurability between times Relevance: 1 Middle East families N2 - This article analyzes data collected as part of an ethnography of three families of Israeli emissaries (shlichim) in order to explore the relationship between the individual, the schedules to which s/he adheres, and her/his affiliation with a particular collective. The paper examines the relationship between time, community, and self through a discourse analytic lens that draws on approaches to the study of cultural identity which look to tension as definitive of groups and their members. It is suggested that an examination of the tensions between the individual and the collective provides a fruitful means by which to investigate the meaning of time for society and self. Adapted from the source document UR - http://search.proquest.com/docview/862776732?accountid=12253 ID - 984 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Keightley, David N. PY - 2003 BT - The Ancestral Landscape: Time, Space and Community in Late Shang China (ca. 1200 - 1045 BC) CY - Berkeley PB - Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California T3 - China Research Monograph N1 - The Ancestral Landscape: Time, Space and Community in Late Shang China (ca. 1200 - 1045 BC) CP - 53 SN - 1527-9367 N1 - Project Muse KW - China Sinology religion spirituality non-linear time time and space history Spirituality Archaeology social time Sociology Relevance: 2 N2 - This monograph presents insights of general historical and intellectual interest derived from the Shang Oracle Bone inscriptions from Anyang. These insights are integrated with an array of data from other fields of scholarship, including metereology, botany, zoology, astronomy, sociology, and archaeology. Keightley delivers well-reasoned opinions based on close scrutiny of the primary sources and then presents a stimulating synthesis of a wide variety of the evidence examined. The result is a lively and multifaceted picture of Shang realities. UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=z4LoAAAAIAAJ review: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/china_review_international/v009/9.2major.pdf ID - 94 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Keller, Shoshana PY - 2007 TI - Story, Time, and Dependent Nationhood in the Uzbek History Curriculum SP - 257-277 JF - Slavic Review VL - 66 IS - 2 SN - 00376779 N1 - Story, Time, and Dependent Nationhood in the Uzbek History Curriculum KW - Asia Soviet Union Russia education organisational temporalities nationalism history narrative Continuity over time identity relevance: 2 Shared past time as tool for political legitimation historical time national time imagined pasts children/youth Islam Marxism N2 - In the 1950s the Soviet school system stabilized and teachers incorporated non-Russian national histories into the elementary curriculum. Shoshana Keller argues that in Soviet Uzbekistan teachers defined Uzbek nationhood partly through historical narrative, which told children that the Uzbek people had existed continuously from ancient times but the nation achieved independence only under Russian/Soviet leadership. Children learned that for millennia Uzbek hero/martyrs had fought losing battles against foreign invaders. The best Uzbeks were from the lower classes, but the nation had also produced high culture. Above all, children were taught to imagine themselves, not within Eurasian Islamic historical time, but within European historical time as envisioned by Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, and Iosif Stalin. What children learned about Uzbek history in school was central to the formation of a personal sense of national identity and to the larger Soviet project of nation building. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20060220 ID - 277 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kelly, J. D. PY - 1998 TI - Time and the global: Against the homogeneous, empty communities in contemporary social theory SP - 839-871 JF - Development and Change VL - 29 IS - 4 SN - 0012-155X N1 - Time and the global: Against the homogeneous, empty communities in contemporary social theory AN - WOS:000076475000010 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Nationalism globalisation Development social Change non-homogeneous community Anderson Johannes Fabian Benjamin Multiple temporalities colonialism temporal distancing social theory politics of time politics national time identity homogenising present Shared present time as all encompassing coordinating between different times relevance: 1 Hierarchy Asynchrony N2 - What are the chronopolitics of global-local relations? This article reconsiders the over symmetric portrayals of identity and nationalism in Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities, and reopens questions about chronopolitics raised by Johannes Fabian in Time and the Other. Anderson relies heavily on Walter Benjamin, but seriously misunderstands him, in his portrayal of nations as parallel communities in 'homogeneous, empty, time'. Against Anderson's premise that homogeneous, empty time is real, this article argues that calibrated asymmetries in global time were made real by colonial practices, that we have forgotten that glory and hierarchical self-assertion, not horizontal comradeship, were central to Europe's Rome-fantasizing imperial nations, and that elite diaspora have replaced imperial conquests precisely in the wake of decolonization and the rise of UN ideology. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1467-7660.00101/abstract ID - 62 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kempe, D. PY - 2002 TI - Connectivity and Inference Problems for Temporal Networks SP - 820-842 JF - Journal of Computer and System Sciences VL - 64 IS - 4 SN - 00220000 N1 - Connectivity and Inference Problems for Temporal Networks KW - Method: social network analysis technology networks methodology temporal conflict Relevance: 3 Asynchrony N2 - Many network problems are based on fundamental relationships involving time. Consider, for example, the problems of modeling the flow of information through a distributed network, studying the spread of a disease through a population, or analyzing the reachability properties of an airline timetable. In such settings, a natural model is that of a graph in which each edge is annotated with a time label specifying the time at which its endpoints'communicated'. We will call such a graph a temporal network. To model the notion that information in such a network 'flows' only on paths whose labels respect the ordering of time, we call a path time-respecting if the time labels on its edges are non-decreasing. The central motivation for our work is the following question: how do the basic combinatorial and algorithmic properties of graphs change when we impose this additional temporal condition? The notion of a path is intrinsic to many of the most fundamental algorithmic problems on graphs; spanning trees, connectivity, flows, and cuts are some examples. When we focus on time-respecting paths in place of arbitrary paths, many of these problems acquire a character that is different from the traditional setting, but very rich in its own right. We provide results on two types of problems for temporal networks. First, we consider connectivity problems, in which we seek disjoint time-respecting paths between pairs of nodes. The natural analogue of Menger's Theorem for node-disjoint paths fails in general for time-respecting paths; we give a non-trivial characterization of those graphs for which the theorem does hold in terms of an excluded subdivision theorem, and provide a polynomial-time algorithm for connectivity on this class of graphs. (The problem on general graphs is NP-complete.) We then define and study the class of inference problems, in which we seek to reconstruct a partially specified time labeling of a network in a manner consistent with an observed history of information flow. UR - citeulike-article-id:6040915 http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcss.2002.1829 ID - 1999 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kendall, George PY - 1987 TI - Space-Time and the Community of Beings SP - 480-500 JF - Thomist; a Speculative Quarterly Review VL - 51 SN - 0040-6325 N1 - Space-Time and the Community of Beings N1 - Periodicals Archive Online KW - Philosophy Physics Relativity Theory Religion Relevance: 3 cultural variants of time Christianity N2 - The essay tries to show that Einstein relativity theory does not imply philosophical relativism, that there are areas of convergence between relativistic physics and christian metaphysics. This is evident when we relate the christian concept of the analogy of being to einstein's idea of the space-time continuum. the concept of extension is found to link the physical and metaphysical realms. The article concludes with some applications of its view of the cosmos to the Christian life. UR - http://www.thomist.org/journal/1987/July/1987%20July%20A%20Kendall%20web.htm ID - 98 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kendall, Martha B. AU - Sibley, Ralph F. PY - 1970 TI - Social Class Differences in Time Orientation: Artifact? SP - 187-191 JF - The Journal of Social Psychology VL - 82 IS - 2 SN - 0022-4545 N1 - Social Class Differences in Time Orientation: Artifact? KW - Class orientation within time psychology future orientation long-term perspectives Relevance: 3 children/youth N2 - Replicates and corroborates a study by L. L. LeShan which reported that middle class (MC) children's stories cover a longer time span than those of lower class (LC) children. MC children's stories, however, were also longer in length and contained more past tense verbs. Time span may be an artifact of story length. (DB) UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/00224545.1970.9919950 ID - 653 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kenrick, Justin PY - 2011 TI - Scottish Land Reform and Indigenous Peoples Rights: Self-Determination and Historical Reversibility SP - 189–203 JF - Social Anthropology VL - 19 IS - 2 N1 - Scottish Land Reform and Indigenous Peoples Rights: Self-Determination and Historical Reversibility KW - Scotland U.K. Europe indigenous peoples historical time Anthropology Futurity homogenising present national time Capitalism Critical temporalities Activism social justice Colonialism imagined futures time as all encompassing Relevance: 3 neoliberalism liberalism Marxism N2 - This article highlights the dominance of the trope of historical inevitability which - whether in its neoliberal, liberal or Marxist forms - seeks to claim that there is no alternative to globalising capitalism and state power. In contrast, the article argues that by analysing historical processes of appropriation and resistance, and by analysing parallels between ongoing struggles for self-determination in the global north and south, anthropological practice can refuse to contribute to a paralysing cultural relativism or coercive colonialism, but can instead reassert the existence of multiple alternatives, and multiple strategies for maintaining them. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8676.2011.00148.x/full ID - 570 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kenyon, Elizabeth PY - 2000 TI - Time, Temporality and the Dynamics of Community SP - 21-41 JF - Time & Society VL - 9 IS - 1 N1 - Time, Temporality and the Dynamics of Community M3 - 10.1177/0961463X00009001002 N1 - SAGE KW - Sociology method: qualitative method: dynamic rather than static non-homogeneous community Relevance: 1 Change over time community stability U.K. Methodology critique of discipline N2 - Drawing on a qualitative study of `student areas', this article proposes a way forward for the sociological study of community. In charting the community lives of two separate groups - students and locals - the author argues that past emphases on the creation and maintenance of order, harmony and stability (or conversely the loss of such `community') have left the study of community analytically and conceptually underdeveloped. The article reveals that to fall short of harmony and stability does not necessarily mean that community itself is lost; community solidarities are by their very nature dynamic and flexible. What is found to be crucial for an understanding of this dynamic process of community is the relatively neglected issue of time. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/1/21 ID - 197 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Kern, Stephen PY - 1983 BT - The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918 CY - Cambridge, Massachusetts PB - Harvard University Press N1 - The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918 KW - technology changing perceptions of time Social Change relevance: 2 history psychology Psychiatry Phenomenology Acceleration of time national time history of changing perceptions of time Sociology Anthropology N2 - Stephen Kern writes about the sweeping changes in technology and culture between 1880 and World War I that created new modes of understanding and experiencing time and space. To mark the book's 20th anniversary, Kern provides a new preface about the breakthrough in interpretive approach that has made this a seminal work in interdisciplinary studies. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=Co7ipk-yOs0C ID - 979 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kettler, David AU - Loader, Colin PY - 2004 TI - Temporizing with Time Wars: Karl Mannheim and Problems of Historical Time SP - 155-172 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 2-3 N1 - Temporizing with Time Wars: Karl Mannheim and Problems of Historical Time N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04040739 KW - Karl Mannheim historical time temporal conflict orientation within time experiential time Philosophy Method: dynamic rather than static Generations Utopia Multiple temporalities coevalness social coordination mediation Relevance: 2 Methodology social time mediation Sociology N2 - Karl Mannheim’s orientations to time can be plotted between subjectivist and objectivist extremes. The latter corresponds to social engineering, while the former offers the context in which Mannheim uses Hobbes’s primaeval war to imagine the chaotic struggle over time that he hopes to escape. Mannheim’s distinctive achievement is ‘dynamic sociology’, an experimental approach marked by the recognition not only of historicity in social phenomena and concepts but also of the opportunities thereby provided for clarifying meaning on terms congruent with the experiences of contemporary humankind. Mannheim’s initial statement of ‘dynamic sociology’ is refined by his better-known studies of generations, ideologies, and utopias, which specify his awareness of co-existent multiple time worlds. Coordination is left to ad hoc mediation. This does not answer Mannheim’s deepest fears and wishes, but he has the discipline to settle for less. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/13/2-3/155.abstract ID - 905 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Keyzer, Dirk M. AU - J, Hall AU - J, Mahnken AU - K., Keyzer PY - 1995 BT - Gum trees and windmills : a study in the management of time, space and the self-concepts of community-based nurses in one rural area of Victoria, Australia CY - Warrnambool, Vic PB - Deakin University N1 - Gum trees and windmills : a study in the management of time, space and the self-concepts of community-based nurses in one rural area of Victoria, Australia SN - 0730022323 N1 - Google Scholar KW - community health nursing health care time discipline organisational temporalities identity Rural communities Relevance: unknown Australia time management care work N2 - not available UR - http://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn2627777 ID - 118 ER - TY - JOUR AU - King, Brayden G. AU - Cornwall, Marie AU - Dahlin, Eric C. PY - 2005 TI - Winning Woman Suffrage One Step at a Time: Social Movements and the Logic of the Legislative Process SP - 1211-1234 JF - Social Forces VL - 83 IS - 3 SN - 00377732 N1 - Winning Woman Suffrage One Step at a Time: Social Movements and the Logic of the Legislative Process KW - Feminism Gender Democracy Activism law social change action Agency Relevance: 3 Progress N2 - We describe a theory of legislative logic. This logic is based on the observation that each succeeding stage of the legislative process has increasingly stringent rules and becomes more consequential. This logic unevenly distributes the influence of social movements across the legislative process. Social movements should have less influence at later stages where stringent requirements are more likely to exhaust limited resources and where the consequentiality of action will cause legislators to revoke their support. We apply the theory to a study of state-level woman suffrage legislation. We find that legislators responded to suffragists by bringing the issue of woman suffrage to the legislative forum, but once suffrage bills reached the voting stage, differences in social movement tactics and organization did not have as great an impact. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3598275 ID - 707 ER - TY - JOUR AU - King, Vera PY - 2010 TI - The Generational Rivalry for Time SP - 54-71 JF - Time & Society VL - 19 IS - 1 N1 - The Generational Rivalry for Time N1 - 10.1177/0961463X09356222 KW - Generations Acceleration of time power temporal inequality life course Families temporal complexity temporal boundaries Relevance: 2 the gift N2 - This article examines the effects of acceleration on the dynamic of time and power in generational relationships. The cultural patterns of an accelerated, hyperflexible life conduct in late modernity, it is argued, encourage a form of generational relationship characterized chiefly by the generational rivalry for time. In place of a steadfast ‘gift of time’ to younger generations appear various forms of the ‘annexation of time’. Insofar, late modernity is distinguished by a generative paradox: while there is increased demand for the intensity of generational ties and the quality of generational relationships and while accelerated societies necessitate greater capacities for coping with more complex lives and the respective conditions of growing up, the preconditions for this in generational relationships have nevertheless become more precarious in a variety of ways. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/19/1/54.abstract ID - 916 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Kisiel, Theodore PY - 1996 BT - Phenomenology, Interpretation, and Community ED - Langsdorf, Lenore ED - Watson, Stephen H. ED - Bower, E. Marya CT - "The Genesis of Being and Time: The Primal Leap" CY - Albany PB - SUNY Press SP - 29-50 N1 - "The Genesis of Being and Time: The Primal Leap" N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Heidegger Relevance: 4 Aristotle Continental Philosophy N2 - The article first pinpoints the proximate Aristotelian genesis of the book, Being and Time, in the two practical dianoetic virtues, the art of making and the prudence of self-action, that provide the paradigms for its two extant Divisions. But its more remote genesis occurs in Heidegger's course of Kriegsnotsemester 1919, and the phenomenological discovery of his lifelong topic of the being in which each of us is already caught up and underway, an It that contextualizes (Es weltet) and temporally 'proper-izes' (Es er-eignet sich) each of us, first called factic life experience, the historical I, the situated I, facticity, before it is finally formally indicated as Dasein in 1923. A detailed analysis of this "primal leap" of origin in the breakthrough course of 1919 concludes the article. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=cVYCcklydYMC ID - 147 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klein, Olivier PY - 2004 TI - Social Perception of Time, Distance and High-Speed Transportation SP - 245-263 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 2-3 N1 - Social Perception of Time, Distance and High-Speed Transportation N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04043504 KW - Transport technologies social time changing perceptions of time market time economics labour time multiple temporalities Break in time Acceleration of time Relevance: 2 capitalism industrialisation permanence N2 - The aim of this article is to throw light on the link between high-speed means of transportation - especially the TGV - and the present-day temporal structures of society. The first part describes how the industrial time is born out of industrial capitalism and its conceptions of the work. This model changes but it is still very topical, regarding certain important aspects of contemporary socioeconomic structures. Nevertheless, this permanence can't explain the whole current evolutions. The second part shows how high-speed travel behaviours - considering only professional purposes - also reveal some mains breaks with the model of industrial time. The third part of the article looks into the model of fragmented time, which appears gradually surimposed to industrial time. Finally, the fourth part presents the concepts of high speed as an opportunity and high speed as a necessity. This dual reading of the ways in which we can deal with the distance in high speed means of transportation appears adapted to the double temporal structure which prevails today. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/2-3/245 ID - 749 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klingemann, H. PY - 2000 TI - "To every thing there is a season" - social time and clock time in addiction treatment SP - 1231-1240 JF - Social Science & Medicine VL - 51 IS - 8 SN - 0277-9536 N1 - "To every thing there is a season" - social time and clock time in addiction treatment AN - WOS:000089217700009 KW - health market time social time Clock time Sociology time as missing element Critique of discipline experiential time Method: time series analysis organisational temporalities individual time time use time as symbolic resource health care in/commensurability between times Acceleration of time Postmodernism Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 N2 - Research on therapeutic interventions and the development or efficacy of treatment services consider 'time' only as a technical, 'objective' condition. Time series analysis and cohort studies describe changes in addiction careers over time, but fail to take into account the role of 'subjective' or 'social time', e.g. the functions of organisational and individual patterns of time use and time budgets. This paper reviews the notion of 'time' in addiction treatment systems. More specifically, the explicit or implicit role played by 'the time factor' in specific types of treatment such as '12-step programs', in-patient, out-patient care and individual treatment plans differs considerably and implies a re-definition and interpretation of 'Past','Present' and 'Future'. Temporal conceptions and time estimations of patients and therapists may influence the access to treatment and treatment outcomes. Societal values - lack of time in affluent societies - and a general acceleration in the fields of communication, consumption, work and leisure are mirrored in the treatment system. Recovery as a long-lasting learning process stands in sharp contrast to the 'quick fix'. The question is raised whether a post-modern concept of time is gaining importance as a counter movement, promoting a more individualised and differentiated treatment response and not any longer based on assumingly objective, technical criteria such as cost-efficiency. More research is needed on group-specific time concepts in treatment programs and the acceleration hypothesis in treatment systems. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11037213 ID - 793 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Klingle, Matthew W. PY - 2003 TI - Spaces of Consumption in Environmental History SP - 94-110 JF - History and Theory: Studies in the Philosophy of History VL - 42 IS - 4: Theme Issue 42: Environment and History N1 - Spaces of Consumption in Environmental History N1 - Philosophers Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - method: dynamic rather than static time and space Capitalism Thoreau Relevance: 3 History environment consumerism philosophy Materiality critique of discipline time as missing element Geography ecology change over time Regeneration N2 - Consumption has emerged as an important historical subject, with most scholars explaining it as a vehicle for therapeutic regeneration, community formation, or economic policy. This work all but ignores how consumption begins with changes to the material world, to physical nature. While environmental historians have something important, even unique, to say about consumption, the split between materialism and cultural analyses within the field has dulled its ability to study consumption as a process and phenomenon that unfolds over space and time. By borrowing techniques from geography and ecology, environmental historians can analyze how space is socially produced through time, an insight that can help to connect material and cultural change in a sustained manner. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3590682 ID - 176 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kraaykamp, Gerbert AU - van Gils, Wouter AU - van der Lippe, Tanja PY - 2009 TI - Working status and leisure SP - 264-283 JF - Time & Society VL - 18 IS - 2-3 N1 - Working status and leisure N1 - 10.1177/0961463X09337845 KW - labour time leisure time time use method: time-use data The Netherlands Europe Families Relevance: 3 N2 - Paid labour is often said to come at a price. Using time-budget information on 9063 Dutch respondents and their partners, we investigated whether couples working full time economize on their solitary and social time budget. Results show that individuals who are part of a full-time working couple spend a smaller share of their available time budget on social interaction with relatives and friends than individuals from single-earner families or combination households. Instead, in full-time working couples, partners prefer to spend a relatively large share of their leisure time on institutionalized social interaction, such as volunteering, cultural participation and attending sports events. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/18/2-3/264 ID - 750 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kravel-Tovi, Michal AU - Bilu, Yoram PY - 2008 TI - The work of the present: Constructing messianic temporality in the wake of failed prophecy among Chabad Hasidim SP - 64-80 JF - American Ethnologist VL - 35 IS - 1 N1 - The work of the present: Constructing messianic temporality in the wake of failed prophecy among Chabad Hasidim M3 - 10.1111/j.1548-1425.2008.00006.x KW - Messianic time Anthropology Method: ethnography time as missing element intentional communities Utopia imagined futures Psychology Judaism Communities in crisis shared present temporal boundaries Relevance: 2 Religion Revolution N2 - Temporal issues have remained relatively unelaborated in the rich body of research that applies cognitive dissonance theory to millenarian movements following a failed prophecy. We engage these issues by exploring how the meshichistim (messianists) among the Jewish ultraorthodox Chabad (Lubavitch) Hasidim employ temporal categories to deal with the crisis entailed in the death of their leader, the expected Messiah. In messianic Chabad, a double-edged “work of the present” has continued to evolve, simultaneously obfuscating and accentuating temporal delineations between past, present, and future. The ensuing dialectical reality puts into question the common notion that millenarian movements such as Chabad strive at all costs to restore the balance disrupted by failed prophecy. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2008.00006.x ID - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kristeva, Julia PY - 1981 TI - Women's Time SP - 13-35 N1 - Autumn JF - Signs: A Journal of Women in Culture and Society VL - 7 IS - 1 N1 - Women's Time KW - social time Reproductive time gender history inclusion/exclusion feminist theory generations Relevance: 2 labour time Europe feminism children/youth Kristeva N2 - not available - from the text: I should like to draw attention to certain formations which seem to me to summarize the dynamics of a sociocultural organism of this type. The question is one of sociocultural groups, that is, groups defined according to their place in production, but especially according to their role in the mode of reproduction and its representations, which, while bearing the specific sociocultural traits of the formation in question, are diagonal to it and connect it to other sociocultural formations. I am thinking in particular of sociocultural groups which are usually defined as age groups (e.g., "young people in Europe"), as sexual divisions (e.g., "European women"), and so forth. While it is obvious that "young people" or "women" in Europe have their own particularity, it is nonetheless just as obvious that what defines them as "young people" or as "women" places them in a diagonal relationship to their European "origin" and links them to similar categories in North America or in China, among others. That is, insofar as they also belong to "monumental history," they will not be only European "young people" or "women" of Europe but will echo in a most specific way the universal traits of their structural place in reproduction and its representations. Consequently, the reader will find in the following pages, first, an attempt to situate the problematic of women in Europe within an inquiry on time: that time which the feminist movement both inherits and modifies. Second, I will attempt to distinguish two phases or two generations of women which, while immediately universalist and cosmopolitan in their demands, can nonetheless be differentiated by the fact that the first generation is more determined by the implications of a national problematic (in the sense suggested above), while the second, more determined by its place within the "symbolic denominator," is European and trans-European. Finally, I will try, both through the problems approached and through the type of analysis I propose, to present what I consider a viable stance for a European-or at least a European woman-within a domain which is henceforth worldwide in scope. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3173503 ID - 457 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kula, Erhun PY - 1984 TI - Derivation of Social Time Preference Rates for the United States and Canada SP - 873-882 JF - Quarterly Journal of Economics VL - 99 IS - 4 SN - 0033-5533 N1 - Derivation of Social Time Preference Rates for the United States and Canada AN - WOS:A1984AAA8000013 KW - social time time perspective time preference economics consumerism USA Canada future future orientation Relevance: 1 N2 - In economic theory the social time preference rate STPR, which is also called the consumption rate of interest CRI, is defined as a rate that reflects the community's marginal weight on consumption at different points in time. For example, see Eckstein [1961], Marglin [1963], and Feldstein [1964, 1965, 1974]. In a two-period analysis this rate is equal to the marginal rate of substitution of consumption, located at a point along the community's indifference curve, minus one. In this article social time preference rates are derived for the United States and Canada under the assumptions that communities are not influenced either by prospective diminution of future enjoyment or by risk aversion, but each member discounts the utility of future consumption by the probability of being alive to enjoy it. The model suggested here envisages a representative individual, Mr. Average, who is a typical member of society at a given point in time. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/1883131.pdf ID - 803 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lagerspetz, M. PY - 2001 TI - From 'Parallel Polis' to 'The Time of the Tribes': Post-Socialism, Social Self-Organization and Post-Modernity SP - 1-18 JF - Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 1352-3279 N1 - From 'Parallel Polis' to 'The Time of the Tribes': Post-Socialism, Social Self-Organization and Post-Modernity KW - Communism politics Postcommunism postmodernism Multiple temporalities Capitalism imagined futures time as tool for political legitimation Coevalness temporal conflict relevance: 3 Affect cultural diversity policy N2 - In both the capitalist and the 'real socialist' parts of Europe, 'alternative' social communities - 'the parallel polis' or 'contemporary tribes' - based on emotional or moral ties were in the early 1980s put forward as bases of a future society. There was an affinity between these communities and the private networks, which in the real socialist and post-socialist practice functioned as mediators of concrete benefits. They have now become an important asset in the hands of the nomenklatura in the post-socialist privatization process. The particularist loyalty required by membership of a 'tribe' is different from the universalist loyalty that forms the basis of modern civil society. The present 'post-modern' tendencies of 'tribalization' in the West can be seen as hostile to the 'modern' principles of universality and equality, and may come, with the incorporation of Central and Eastern European countries into global capitalism, to form an obstacle to the creation of civil society. Practical implications for non-governmental organizations, policy-makers and future research flow from this. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/714003577 ID - 659 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lambright, Anne PY - 2000 TI - Time, Space, and Gender: Creating the Hybrid Intellectual in "Los rios profundos" SP - 5-26 JF - Latin American Literary Review VL - 28 IS - 55 SN - 00474134 N1 - Time, Space, and Gender: Creating the Hybrid Intellectual in "Los rios profundos" KW - Postcolonialism Peru Latin America nationalism gender identity literary theory literature Home narrative Relevance: 3 social conflict Subjectivity non-homogeneous community Asynchrony N2 - not availabl - from intro: In his novel Los ros profundos, Jose Mar?a Arguedas realizes concurrent projects: one of painting a picture of Peru as he perceived it in the 1950s, as a fragmented nation unable to reconcile its heterogeneous elements, and another of suggesting alternative means of realizing that nation, alternatives which could be found in certain already-existing sectors of Peruvian society. Arguedas does this in part by developing a series of oppositions that stress the fragmented nature of Peru and certain ironies or inconsistencies in Peruvian life, culture, and national myth (national image). The novel shows the constant movement of the narrator, a provincial writer/ intellectual in formation, among the various spaces which make up the Peruvian Sierra, in his own search for a space that he could define as "home." In such a space he could realize himself as a subject caught between times (the traditional and the modern), spaces (the heterogeneous urban space of a provincial town and the indigenous community, the interior and the exterior), cultures (the white and the mestizo-indigenous), and gender associations (the masculine and the feminine).1 In the act of narrating Peru through the eyes of a young boy, Arguedas reflects upon several topics that are central to the development of a national subject. He carefully explores the role of masculinity and the place of the intellectual in the construction of the dominant fiction,2 as well as alternatives that question and could ultimately transform that fiction, namely, the feminine and the indigenous culture.3 As part of this endeavor, his narrative delineates figures, spaces, and objects that mediate the oppositions (Spanish/Indigenous, culture/ nature, masculine/feminine, the dominant/the subaltern) he perceives in Peruvian society and portrays in his narrative, and contemplates how those elements could potentially provide balance to Peruvian society. This imaginary and discursive complex ultimately leads the novel to a projection of a hybrid intellectual (the mestizo writer/artist) and explores the spaces and times that influence the formation of this subject and from which this subject can speak to and for Peru. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20119821 ID - 305 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lamm, Helmut AU - Schmidt, Rolf W. AU - Trommsdorff, Gisela PY - 1976 TI - Sex and social class as determinants of future orientation (time perspective) in adolescents SP - 317-326 JF - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology VL - 34 IS - 3 N1 - Sex and social class as determinants of future orientation (time perspective) in adolescents M3 - 10.1037/0022-3514.34.3.317 KW - future orientation time perspective orientation within time gender class children/youth social psychology psychology Relevance: 2 N2 - Tested hypotheses concerning the effects of sex and class on future orientation; Ss were 50 male and 50 female students, ages 14-16 yrs. Future orientation was measured in various domains of life, constituting either private or public areas of concern (e.g., family and environment) and on the dimensions of density (number of hopes and fears voiced by the S), extension, and optimism-pessimism. As predicted, middle-class adolescents, as compared with lower-class adolescents, voiced more hopes and fears relating to public life and fewer in the private sphere, and they manifested a more extended future orientation in the private as well as the public spheres. They also judged the distant future more optimistically in 2 out of 3 public areas of concern. Lower-class females were more optimistic than the middle-class females in the occupational domain. As predicted, the lower-class males voiced more hopes and fears in the occupational domain and manifested a more extended future orientation than the lower-class females. On the other hand, females of both classes voiced more hopes and fears in the private sphere than males of either class. Results are interpreted in terms of theories of socialization and role behavior. (46 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) UR - http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/psp/34/3/317/ ID - 2032 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Landes, David S. PY - 2000 BT - Revolution in Time: Clocks and the Making of the Modern World CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Belknap Press of Harvard University Press VL - Revised and Enlarged N1 - Revolution in Time: Clocks and the Making of the Modern World KW - clocks time discipline history technology Relevance: 2 changing perceptions of time history of changing perceptions of time industrialisation Meaning philosophy time reckoning N2 - More than a decade after the publication of his dazzling book on the cultural, technological, and manufacturing aspects of measuring time and making clocks, David Landes has significantly expanded Revolution in Time. In a new preface and scores of updated passages, he explores new findings about medieval and early-modern time keeping, as well as contemporary hi-tech uses of the watch as mini-computer, cellular phone, and even radio receiver or television screen. While commenting on the latest research, Landes never loses his focus on the historical meaning of time and its many perceptions and uses, questions that go beyond history, that involve philosophers and possibly, theologians and literary folk as well. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iVSOyg877usC ID - 458 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Landy, David PY - 2008 TI - Hegel's Account of Rule-Following SP - 169-192 JF - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy VL - 51 IS - 2 N1 - Hegel's Account of Rule-Following N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Hegel Philosophy Continental Philosophy Identity Relevance: 2 time discipline ethics shared present Simultaneity N2 - I here discuss Hegel’s rule-following considerations as they are found in the first four chapters of his Phenomenology of Spirit. I begin by outlining a number of key premises in Hegel’s argument that he adopts fairly straightforwardly from Kant’s Transcendental Deduction. The most important of these is that the correctness or incorrectness of one’s application of a rule must be recognizable as such to the rulefollower. Supplementing Hegel’s text as needed, I then argue that it is possible for an experiencing subject to follow a rule only where there is a community of individuals whose agreement can provide a standard for the correctness and incorrectness of his use. I further argue that a community must consist of members that are compresent, and thus that a collection of time-slices of an individual will not serve this purpose. I conclude by raising a potential problem for Hegel’s account of rule-following concerning the correctness and incorrectness of the judgments of a community, and pointing to a possible line of response to this problem. UR - http://www.unc.edu/~landy/Papers/Hegel%27s%20Account%20of%20Rule-Following.pdf ID - 166 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lang, F.R. AU - Carstensen, L.L. PY - 2002 TI - Time counts: future time perspective, goals, and social relationships SP - 125-139 JF - Psychology and Aging VL - 17 IS - 1 N1 - Time counts: future time perspective, goals, and social relationships KW - future orientation goals psychology orientation within time action Agency Germany Method: questionnaires networks Absence of future open future Relevance: 3 Affect N2 - On the basis of postulates derived from socioemotional selectivity theory, the authors explored the extent to which future time perspective (FTP) is related to social motivation, and to the composition and perceived quality of personal networks. Four hundred eighty German participants with ages ranging from 20 to 90 years took part in the study. In 2 card-sort tasks, participants indicated their partner preference and goal priority. Participants also completed questionnaires on personal networks and social satisfaction. Older people, as a group, perceived their future time as more limited than younger people. Individuals who perceived future time as being limited prioritized emotionally meaningful goals (e.g., generativity, emotion regulation), whereas individuals who perceived their futures as open-ended prioritized instrumental or knowledge-related goals. Priority of goal domains was found to be differently associated with the size, composition, and perceived quality of personal networks depending on FTP. Prioritizing emotion-regulatory goals was associated with greater social satisfaction and less perceived strain with others when participants perceived their future as limited. Findings underscore the importance of FTP in the self-regulation of social relationships and the subjective experience associated with them. UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11931281 ID - 2019 ER - TY - JOUR AU - LaRossa, Ralph PY - 1983 TI - The Transition to Parenthood and the Social Reality of Time SP - 579-589 JF - Journal of Marriage and Family VL - 45 IS - 3 SN - 00222445 N1 - The Transition to Parenthood and the Social Reality of Time KW - families Reproductive time social time life course Method: case study time as symbolic resource Relevance: 3 N2 - Physical time and social time are compared and then applied to a case study of a husband and wife who are in the midst of their transition to second-time (and unexpected) parenthood. The purpose of this analysis is to demonstrate the heuristic value of a social-time framework for understanding the transition to parenthood in particular and family systems in general. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/351662 ID - 690 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Larsen, Soren C. PY - 2006 TI - The Future's Past: Politics of Time and Territory among Dakelh First Nations in British Columbia SP - 311-321 JF - Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography VL - 88 IS - 3 SN - 04353684 N1 - The Future's Past: Politics of Time and Territory among Dakelh First Nations in British Columbia KW - Human Geography geography politics Canada Critical temporalities Coevalness temporal distancing Agency Memory past in the present time and space Relevance: 2 non-linear time politics of time Territory politics Activism western imperialism industrialisation indigenous peoples indigenous Canadians narrative Method: life histories media past in the future imagined futures counter modernity inclusion/exclusion Anthropology N2 - This article examines contemporary political movements among Dakelh First Nations in British Columbia that have challenged Western modernity's fixation with a future achieved through industrial progress. Aboriginal people have been especially assertive in politicizing the connections between time and place through the display and performance of memory in forms as diverse as life history narratives, the cultural landscape, media and grass-roots development projects. Such constructions suggest that future developments in traditional lands must come through an engagement with the past - its meanings, practices, and significance in the particular places of cultural and economic production. I explore how Dakelh territories serve as sites for imagining and enacting alternative political and development agendas. I argue that these territories have increasingly become spaces forged in the margins of modernity's binary oppositions of self-other, nature-culture and future-past. This finding is not meant to marginalize indigenous territories conceptually or politically, but rather to recognize their centrality to contemporary provincial politics where margins - both geographic and discursive - have become central locations for pursuing sovereignty over land and nation. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3878376 ID - 271 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Lash, Scott AU - Urry, John PY - 1994 BT - Economies of signs and space CY - London PB - SAGE N1 - Economies of signs and space KW - economics Sociology social Change U.K. USA Germany Japan Capitalism Acceleration of time Memory Giddens time geography Multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 time and space Method: comparative analysis Tourism N2 - This is a novel account of social change that supplants conventional understandings of `society' and presents a sociology that takes as its main unit of analysis flows through time and across space. Developing a comparative analysis of the UK and US, the new Germany and Japan, Lash and Urry show how restructuration after organized capitalism has its basis in increasingly reflexive social actors and organizations. The consequence is not only the much-vaunted `postmodern condition' but also a growth in reflexivity. In exploring this new reflexive world, the authors argue that today's economies are increasingly ones of signs - information, symbols, images, desire - and of space, where both signs and social subjects - refugees, financiers, tourists and fl[ci]aneurs - are mobile over ever greater distances at ever greater speeds. See particularly Chapter 9 Time and Memory UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=jn-7lE-D4hUC ID - 617 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lauer, Robert H. PY - 1973 TI - Temporality and Social Change: The Case of 19th Century China and Japan SP - 451-464 JF - The Sociological Quarterly VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 00380253 N1 - Temporality and Social Change: The Case of 19th Century China and Japan KW - social change social time Japan China Multiple temporalities history sociology change over time time as symbolic time discipline time as tool for political legitimation inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 time as missing element time as symbolic resource Western imperialism time as tool for managing percieved threats N2 - Manifold factors have been identified as causal mechanisms in social change, but an important one-temporality-has been neglected. Temporality is the social time that characterizes any society, and that social time is consequential for the rate and direction of change. The three dimensions of temporality are temporal pattern, temporal orientation, and temporal perspective. The differences between the Japanese and Chinese along these three dimensions help explain their differential responses to the 19th century Western challenge. Specifically, two propositions are examined in the light of the historical data: a society's temporality limits the range of adaptive responses to new circumstances, and the symbols of social time act as a mechanism of social control. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4105589 ID - 459 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Lauer, Robert H. PY - 1981 BT - Temporal Man: The Meaning and Uses of Social Time CY - New York PB - Praeger N1 - Temporal Man: The Meaning and Uses of Social Time KW - social time sociology Relevance: 2 N2 - not available - from book review: Robert Lauer's Temporal Man is an attempt to introduce readers to the complex rela-tions between man and time. The book covers many aspects of these relations and suggests the tremendous richness of the topic. The author appears to have done much reading on the subject of temporality and throughout the book provides a useful review of a considerable body of literature. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=PwnXAAAAMAAJ ID - 700 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laurier, Eric PY - 2008 TI - How Breakfast Happens in the Café SP - 119-134 JF - Time & Society VL - 17 IS - 1 N1 - How Breakfast Happens in the Café N1 - 10.1177/0961463X07086306 KW - food method: ethnography Anthropology time and space Rhythms Urban communities cities changing perceptions of time events sequence temporal ordering relevance: 2 Garfinkel N2 - In this article I present an ethnographic study of `breakfast in the café', to begin to document the orderly properties of an emergent timespace. In so doing, the aim is to provide a description of the local production of timespace and a consideration of a change to the daily rhythm of city life. Harold Garfinkel and David Sudnow's study of a chemistry lecture is drawn upon as an exemplary study of the collective creation of an event. Attention is drawn to the centrality of sequentiality as part of the orderly properties of occasioned places. As part of examining the sequences I chart the ongoing emergence of features of breakfast time in the café such as `the first customer', `crowded' and `quiet'. In closing the article, I consider how changes in the rhythm of the city are made apprehensible to its residents. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/17/1/119.abstract ID - 921 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Laux, Henning PY - 2011 TI - The time of politics: Pathological effects of social differentiation SP - 224-240 N1 - July 1, 2011 JF - Time & Society VL - 20 IS - 2 N1 - The time of politics: Pathological effects of social differentiation M3 - 10.1177/0961463x11402439 KW - political time Difference inclusion/exclusion Sociology social time politics finance economics communities in crisis media Acceleration of time Asynchrony temporal conflict coordinating between different times Relevance: 2 N2 - On the basis of a temporal-sociological perspective, the article observes the progressive erosion of political standards of rationality. Drawing on empirical evidence from the recent world financial crisis, the paper seeks to demonstrate that western democracies are increasingly helpless when facing the challenges of rising social, political and technological complexity. By consequence, politics loses its capacity to steer social developments, instead, it is confined to reacting to events and decisions made by faster social subsystems (such as science, economy, the media). One last resort seems to be the acceleration of democratic decision-making itself. However, this strategy only leads to an experimental, decisionist and post-democratic form of politics. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/20/2/224.abstract ID - 1043 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lax, David A. AU - Sebenius, James K. PY - 2003 TI - 3-D Negotiation: Playing the Whole Game SP - 65-74 JF - Harvard Business Review VL - 81 IS - 11 N1 - 3-D Negotiation: Playing the Whole Game KW - sequence policy planning negotiation Rhetoric communication timing critique of discipline time as missing element Skill in temporal practices timeliness chronos/kairos agency action Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: What stands between you and the yes you want? In our analysis of hundreds of negotiations, we've uncovered barriers in three complementary dimensions: The first is tactics; the second is deal design; and the third is setup. Bach dimension is crucial, but many negotiators and much of the negotiation literature fixate on only the first two. Beyond the interpersonal and deal design challenges executives face in i-D and 2-D negotiations lie the 3-D obstacles—flaws in the negotiating setup itself. Common problems in this often-neglected third dimension include negotiating with the wrong parties or about the wrong set of issues, involving parties in the wrong sequence or at the wrong time, as well as incompatible or unattractive no-deal options. 3-D negotiators, however, reshape the scope and sequence of the game itself to achieve the desired outcome. Acting entreprencurially, away from the table, they ensure that the right parties are approached in the right order to deal with the right issues, by the right means, at the right time, under the right set of expectations, and facing the right no deal options. UR - http://www.flcmidatlantic.org/power_point/2008/annual_meeting/3-D%20Negotiation.pdf http://www.people.hbs.edu/jsebenius/hbr/3-DNegotiation.pdf ID - 995 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Le Goff, Jacques PY - 1980 BT - Time, Work, and Culture in the Middle Ages CY - Chicago PB - The University of Chicago Press N1 - Goldhammer, Arthur N1 - Time, Work, and Culture in the Middle Ages KW - History sociology Anthropology Collective memory labour time temporality of academic work Relevance: 2 history of changing perceptions of time folklore economics Middle Ages time as symbolic resource coordinating between different times Multiple temporalities organisational temporalities Sacred time Levi-Strauss N2 - Studies a wide range of topics concerning Medieval society, including the universities, folklore, and economy of the Middle Ages. Jacques Le Goff is a prominent figure in the tradition of French medieval scholarship, profoundly influenced by the Annales school, notably, Bloch, Febvre, and Braudel, and by the ethnographers and anthropologists Mauss, Dumézil, and Lévi-Strauss. In building his argument for "another Middle Ages" (un autre moyen âge), Le Goff documents the emergence of the collective mentalité from many sources with scholarship both imaginative and exact. Contents: Preface, I. Time and Labor: The Several Middle Ages of Jules Michelet, Merchant's Time and Church's Time in the Middle Ages, Labor Time in the "Crisis" of the Fourteenth Century: From Medieval Time to Modern Time, A Note on Tripartite Society, Monarchical Ideology, and Economic Renewal in Ninth- to Twelfth-Century Christendom Licit and Illicit Trades in the Medieval West, Labor, Techniques, and Craftsmen in the Value Systems of the Early Middle Ages (Fifth to Tenth Centuries),Peasants and the Rural World in the Literature of the Early Middle Ages (Fifth and Sixth Centuries) II. Labor and Value Systems: Academic Expenses at Padua in the Fifteenth Century, Trades and Professions as Represented in Medieval Confessors' Manuals, How Did the Medieval University Conceive of Itself, The Universities and the Public Authorities in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance III. High Culture and Popular Culture: Clerical Culture and Folklore Traditions in Merovingian Civilization, Ecclesiastical Culture and Folklore in the Middle Ages: Saint Marcellus of Paris and the Dragon, The Medieval West and the Indian Ocean: An Oneiric Horizon, Dreams in the Culture and Collective Psychology of the Medieval West, Melusina: Mother and Pioneer IV. Toward a Historical Anthropology: The Historian and the Ordinary Man, The Symbolic Ritual of Vassalage UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FGYX_7bg10UC ID - 460 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Leccardi, Carmen PY - 1996 TI - Rethinking Social Time: Feminist Perspectives SP - 169-186 JF - Time & Society VL - 5 IS - 2 N1 - Rethinking Social Time: Feminist Perspectives N1 - 10.1177/0961463X96005002003 KW - Feminism women's time social time labour time public and private time care work identity economics market time linear time critical temporalities methodology feminist theory Relevance: 2 N2 - In the final years of the 20th century, conceptions of time and work are changing rapidly. The crisis of (paid) work as the fundamental principle regulating society and personal identity has cast doubt on the legitimacy of an exclusively economic and quantitative interpretation of time. This paper argues that feminist thought can make a major contribution to the revision of the temporal paradigm that has hitherto been dominant. It will be shown that the radical change of perspective associated with a feminist critique of this malestream time makes it possible to deconstruct/reconstruct the categories generally used for the analysis of social time. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/5/2/169 ID - 720 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lee, Raymond L. M. PY - 2010 TI - Weber, Re-enchantment and Social Futures SP - 180-192 JF - Time & Society VL - 19 IS - 2 N1 - Weber, Re-enchantment and Social Futures N1 - 10.1177/0961463X09354433 KW - future labour time Meaning modernity Utopia futurity Relevance: 2 imagined futures N2 - Weber’s portrayal of modern society as disenchanted was implicitly a way of considering the rationalization of social futures. These are futures derived from empiricist understandings of world mastery and regarded as devoid of mystery. Yet he devoted some writings to charisma and magic that were incongruent with his focus on rationality, suggesting alternative social futures that highlight mysteries for the recovery of meaning. By examining these writings in the context of his critique of modernity, it is possible to draw out some of his ideas on re-enchantment as the key to understanding alternative social futures. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/19/2/180.abstract ID - 917 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lee, Tim AU - Piachaud, David PY - 1992 TI - The Time-Consequences of Social Services SP - 65-80 JF - Time & Society VL - 1 IS - 1 N1 - The Time-Consequences of Social Services N1 - 10.1177/0961463X92001001006 KW - health care education community health Gender temporal inequality time as resource time allocation time use relevance: 2 N2 - This paper analyses issues of time in relation to social services. A classification of time-consequences is presented. The fields of education, health, community care, and social security provision are then reviewed to identify the time-consequences which arise for service users and others. Finally, the implications of the analysis - relating to efficiency, consistency, equity, and gender - are discussed. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/1/1/65 ID - 769 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lee-Nichols, Robert PY - 2006 TI - Judgment, history, memory: Arendt and Benjamin on connecting us to our past SP - 307 JF - Philosophy Today VL - 50 IS - 3 N1 - Judgment, history, memory: Arendt and Benjamin on connecting us to our past KW - history memory Arendt Benjamin Past in the present Relevance: unknown philosophy continental Philosophy N2 - not available UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1145858751&Fmt=7&clientId=25620&RQT=309&VName=PQD ID - 462 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Lerman, Liz PY - 1995 BT - Are Miracles Enough? Selected Writings on Art and Community, 1983-1994 CY - Takoma Park, MD PB - Dance Exchange N1 - Are Miracles Enough? Selected Writings on Art and Community, 1983-1994 N1 - google scholar KW - Dance Art social change Relevance: unknown meaning Turning points N2 - not available see section "Are Miracles Enough? Thoughts on Time, Transformation and the Meaning of Community" pp5-8 UR - not available ID - 108 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lervik, Jon Erland AU - Fahy, Kathryn M. AU - Easterby-Smith, Mark PY - 2010 TI - Temporal dynamics of situated learning in organizations SP - 285-301 JF - Management Learning VL - 41 IS - 3 N1 - Temporal dynamics of situated learning in organizations M3 - 10.1177/1350507609357004 N1 - SAGE KW - education organisational temporalities method: case study multiple temporalities Knowledge Relevance: 2 management time as resource time as context coordinating between different times time as missing element N2 - Situated learning theory posits that learning in organizations arises in the contexts and conditions of practical engagement, and time is an important dimension of activity and context of learning. However, time has primarily been conceptualized as an internal property of communities, buffered from social and organizational temporalities that shape rhythms of working and learning. This article examines how external temporalities affect situated learning through case studies of technical after-sales services. A situated learning perspective posits how new understandings are constructed from a broad assemblage of resources and relations. These resources and relationships are to a large extent governed by external temporalities that influence opportunities for learning through everyday work. We highlight temporal structures as an important mechanism guiding or obstructing the development of new understandings, and we conclude that a temporal perspective on situated learning holds important implications for practice and further research. UR - http://mlq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/41/3/285 ID - 203 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levich, A. P. PY - 1993 TI - A Retrospective Overview of Problems Connected with Social Time in Soviet Publications, 1980-90 SP - 257-266 JF - Time & Society VL - 2 IS - 2 N1 - A Retrospective Overview of Problems Connected with Social Time in Soviet Publications, 1980-90 N1 - 10.1177/0961463X93002002007 KW - social time Soviet Union Review article chronology Psychology Philosophy Systems Theory Science Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: Few Soviet books edited in the last decade are directly devoted to social time...However there are studies with a social emphasis in historical chronology...general system theory...logics...psychology of personality...and philosophy...The purpose of this overview is to indicate the intrinsic connection between problems of social time and ideas both from closely related discplinares and from natural science. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/2/2/257 ID - 777 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levine, Mark PY - 2003 TI - Times, Theories and Practices in Social Psychology SP - 53-72 JF - Theory & Psychology VL - 13 IS - 1 N1 - Times, Theories and Practices in Social Psychology N1 - 10.1177/0959354303013001762 KW - Psychology social psychology time as missing element Adam critique of discipline Newton linear time events Multiple temporalities Methodology identity temporality of academic work knowledge Relevance: 3 Adam N2 - This paper begins by problematizing the `taken for granted' status of Newtonian linear time at the heart of (social) psychology. Borrowing from Adam, the paper makes a distinction between an `events in time' and `time in events' approach to social psychology. It argues that a `time in events' approach helps to reveal the importance of multiple times for social psychological theories and practices. To demonstrate this approach, it considers some of the multiple times that are relevant for analysing the concept of `identity'. It also explores the multiple times of the research encounter. In doing so, it suggests that traditional dichotomies in social psychology between synchronic and diachronic methods, and between experimental and qualitative methods, can be dissolved by this focus on the temporal. The paper concludes with some observations about the importance of time for thinking about social psychology as a knowledge-producing practice. UR - http://tap.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/13/1/53 ID - 770 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levine, Robert AU - Wolff, Ellen PY - 1985 TI - Social time: the heartbeat of culture SP - 29-35 JF - Psychology Today IS - March SN - 0033-3107 N1 - Social time: the heartbeat of culture KW - social time Psychology temporal conflict Brazil USA Method: comparative analysis Perception of time Punctuality pace Acceleration of time Relevance: 2 cultural variants of time N2 - Every society throughout the world uses informal concepts of time that frequently clash from culture to culture. In a study that compared the time sense of college students in Niteroi, Brazil, with that of students at California State University in Fresno, for example, researchers found major differences in concepts like "early" and "late." In many Mediterranean Arab countries, there are only three kinds of time: no time at all, now, and forever. This time sense is in marked contrast to the time sense of Americans, who mete time precisely in minutes. Ongoing research points to the relationship between the pace of life and a feeling of well-being. The chronic sense of urgency experienced by Type A personalities, who are more vulnerable to heart attacks, is already well-documented. As the world becomes an international society, researchers wonder who will "set the pace.". UR - not available ID - 826 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Levine, Robert V. PY - 1988 BT - The Social Psychology of Time: New Perspectives ED - McGrath, Joseph E. CT - The Pace of Life across Cultures CY - Beverly Hills PB - Sage SP - 39-60 N1 - The Pace of Life across Cultures KW - psychology Rhythms experiential time Standardisation Multiple temporalities Time use Relevance: 2 social psychology pace cultural variants of time Method: comparative analysis N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 863 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levitan, Don R. PY - 1992 TI - Community Structure in Time Past: Influence of Human Fishing Pressure on Algal-Urchin Interactions SP - 1597-1605 JF - Ecology VL - 73 IS - 5 SN - 00129658 N1 - Community Structure in Time Past: Influence of Human Fishing Pressure on Algal-Urchin Interactions N1 - JSTOR KW - Ecology Ecological communities Method: longitudinal analysis Methodology carribean Sustainability more-than-human communities Relevance: 3 Agriculture coastal communities N2 - The sea urchin Diadema antillarum increases the relative size of Aristotle's lantern (length of demipyramid) when food limited. This provides a tool for investigating algal abundance and biotic interactions in the past. A field collection of D. antillarum provided a baseline relationship between demipyramid length and body size (test diameter). Experimental manipulations of food availability and population density resulted in shifts in relative demipyramid length. The baseline and experimental data provide a range of responses that was compared to museum specimens collected over the past 100 yr from 30 locations in the Caribbean. The relative demipyramid lengths from the museum specimens were also compared over time, and with human population density, human fishing pressure, and geographic region. The results indicate that relative demipyramid size is indirectly influenced by human activity and varies with geographic region. This suggests that human fishing pressure has influenced Caribbean coral reef community structure by affecting predator-herbivore relationships. However, this human impact may be small relative to naturally occurring variation in demipyramid size. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1940013 ID - 70 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Levy, Jack S. AU - Streich, Philip PY - 2007 TI - Time Horizons, Discounting, and Intertemporal Choice SP - 199-226 JF - Journal of Conflict Resolution VL - 51 IS - 2 N1 - Time Horizons, Discounting, and Intertemporal Choice KW - time as horizon Temporal conflict Political science action agency the future economics Social coordination Relevance: 2 future orientation psychology Short-term perspectives time perspective N2 - Although many decisions involve a stream of payoffs over time, political scientists have given little attention to how actors make the required tradeoffs between present and future payoffs, other than applying the standard exponential discounting model from economics. After summarizing the basic discounting model, we identify some of its leading behavioral anomalies—declining discount rates; preference reversals; higher discount rates for smaller payoffs than for larger payoffs and for gains than for losses; framing effects based on expectations; and a preference for ascending rather than descending sequences. We examine the leading alternative models of discounting and then apply a quasi-hyperbolic discount model to the problem of cooperation in iterated Prisoner's Dilemma games. We demonstrate that if actors display the widely observed tendency to highly discount the immediate future, then cooperation in an iterated Prisoner's Dilemma game is more difficult than Axelrod suggests. Key Words: discounted utility • exponential discounting • hyperbolic discounting • quasi-hyperbolic discounting • intertemporal choice • iterated Prisoner's Dilemma UR - http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/51/2/199.short ID - 464 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lewis, J. David AU - Weigert, Andrew J. PY - 1981 TI - The Structures and Meanings of Social Time SP - 432-462 JF - Social Forces VL - 60 IS - 2 SN - 00377732 N1 - The Structures and Meanings of Social Time KW - social time time as symbolic resource sociology Multiple temporalities Synchronicity methodology Relevance: 2 Meaning Methodology social structure organisational temporalities N2 - This paper proposes a paradigm for the sociology of time. After exploring some defining characteristics of social time, it presents a preliminary typology of social times corresponding to different levels of social structure. The linkages among levels of social structure and the temporal variables of embeddedness, synchronicity, and stratification raise important questions about the ways in which the forms of social time may be related. From the typology concrete propositions are extracted which address these questions as well as the question of how these relationships may affect organizations and individuals. Finally, the paper suggests possible ways to ground parts of the theoretical presentation in operationalized hypotheses ready for empirical testing. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2578444 ID - 465 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Li, Wei PY - 2007 BT - Contemporary Ethnic Geographies in America ED - Miyares, I.M. ED - Airriess, C.A. CT - Chinese Americans: Community Formation in Time and Space CY - Lanham PB - Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Inc SP - 213-232 N1 - Chinese Americans: Community Formation in Time and Space KW - Geography USA migration Race ethnicity diaspora relevance: 1 change over time N2 - not available - from the back of the book: Ethnic diversity has marked the United States from its inception and is now experiencing watershed changes in its social, cultural, and ethnic/racial geographies. Considering the impact of these transformations, this unique text examines a range of ethnic groups in both historical and contemporary context. The contributors present a rich set of case studies of key ethnic and racial communities_including those of long-standing significance such as Native Americans, African Americans, and Mexican Americans, along with the Latin American and Asian groups that make up the vast majority of newer immigrants. Each case offers a brief historical overview of the group's immigration experience and settlement patterns and discusses how it has transformed-and been transformed by-the places in which they have settled. Exploring changing communities, places, and landscapes, this book offers a nuanced understanding of the evolution of America's ethnic geographies. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1irfg6nYlXUC ID - 133 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liakos, Antonis PY - 2001 TI - The Construction of National Time: The Making of the Modern Greek Historical Imagination SP - 27-42 JF - Mediterranean Historical Review VL - 16 IS - 1 SN - 0951-8967 N1 - The Construction of National Time: The Making of the Modern Greek Historical Imagination KW - nationalism Greece history narrative national time experiential time action identity Multiple heritages Shared past changing perceptions of time conceptions of time Agency Relevance: 2 N2 - The national narrative restructures the experience of time, presenting the nation as an active historical agent that, through the narrative, acquires a new historical identity. The Mediterranean nations have undertaken the difficult task of combining different significant pasts. The appropriation and resignification of these pasts involve adjustment of different perceptions of the structure of time. This article explores the making of modern Greek national history through this process. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/714004571 ID - 642 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lindroos, Kia PY - 2001 TI - Scattering community: Benjamin on experience, narrative and history SP - 19-41 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 27 IS - 6 N1 - Scattering community: Benjamin on experience, narrative and history M3 - 10.1177/019145370102700602 N1 - SAGE KW - Philosophy continental Philosophy Benjamin narrative history literature Break in time linear time Tradition Memory non-homogeneous community Postmodernism Relevance: 1 Aesthetics N2 - In discussing the cultural history of the 19th century, Walter Benjamin diagnosed the emergence of the modern novel and its form of narration as the sign of a fracturing experience. The split in experience is related to the scattering of a homogeneous idea of space and time, constituted especially during the Enlightenment and in the German historicism. Benjamin's claim reflected the fracturing temporality of modern communities as well as the transformations in the understanding of the meaning of tradition. Here, I begin by discussing Benjamin's conceptions of experience and memory in detail. Secondly, I consider his ideas on history in the framework of challenging the new forms of narration. In the end, I consider the loss of a unified community, especially by indicating ways in which the after-modern community reflects the relationship between aesthetics and politics in Jean-François Lyotard's thought. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/27/6/19 ID - 207 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lingis, Alphonso PY - 2000-2001 TI - The Return of Extinct Religions SP - 15-28 JF - New Nietzsche Studies: The Journal of the Nietzsche Society VL - 4 IS - 3 & 4 N1 - The Return of Extinct Religions N1 - Philosophers Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Philosophy Nietzsche non-linear time Relevance: 1 Religion Affect Asynchrony Uneven development inclusion/exclusion multiple temporalities cyclical time coevalness past in the present social Change Art N2 - For Nietzsche particular instincts, sensibility, and taste can exist in the midst of a culture, a language, an economic and social context that no longer sustains them, that excludes them as the basis of participation in a community. They do not exist in the linear, or multilinear time of cultural and intellectual history. They exist in a time of nature, a time of periodic return. When archaic religious instincts, sensibility and taste recur, they can take hold of the sphere of art, or of politics, or even of the sciences, driving them with religious fervor and furor. UR - http://faculty.fordham.edu/babich/nns4-34.html ID - 177 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lively, Curtis M. AU - Raimondi, Peter T. AU - Delph, Lynda F. PY - 1993 TI - Intertidal Community Structure: Space-Time Interactions in the Northern Gulf of California SP - 162-173 JF - Ecology VL - 74 IS - 1 SN - 00129658 N1 - Intertidal Community Structure: Space-Time Interactions in the Northern Gulf of California N1 - JSTOR KW - ecological communities ecology USA Method: longitudinal analysis change over time Unpredictibility conservation practices long-term perspectives relevance: 3 N2 - Long-term studies are required for an understanding of how temporal variation and space-time interactions affect the structure of communities. Here we report on a long-term study of the independent effects of, and the interactions among, two sources of temporal variation (seasonal and annual) and two sources of spatial variation for a rocky intertidal community in the northern Gulf of California. The sources of spatial variation were: (1) microspatial effects due to the foraging patterns of a common predatory snail (Acanthina angelica) and (2) macrospatial effects due to differences among sites. The results from semiannual samples of 100-cm^2 quadrats showed highly significant temporal and spatial effects for all members of the sessile community (barnacles, mussles, algae) and for limpets over the 8-yr study period. There were also highly significant season X space interactions for all sessile members of the community, which probably resulted from seasonal settlement by the sessile members of the community, and aestivation by the predator. Finally, we observed highly significant year X space effects as well year X season X space effects for most species. These latter interactions can be understood as an amplification of seasonal and spatial effects due to the largely unpredictable differences among years. An Analysis of the variance components showed that most of the variation in percentage cover of barnacles and a brown encrusting alga was due to microspatial effects, while most of the variation in mussels, limpets, and a green alga was due to year and season effects. This combination of results suggests that competition and predation by Acanthina are relatively more important in controlling the distributions and local abundances of barnacles and encrusting algae, and that unpredictable differences among years in settlement are more important in controlling the local population densities of mussels and limpets. The importance of these differences are discussed in relation to interpretation of short-term experimental studies in population and community studies. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1939511 ID - 68 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Llewelyn, J.E. PY - 1978 TI - Origins, Being and Nothingness SP - 34-43 JF - The Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology VL - 9 IS - 1 N1 - Origins, Being and Nothingness KW - Philosophy Sartre origin stories phenomenology Relevance: unknown Continental Philosophy N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 1021 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Llewelyn, J. E. PY - 1982 TI - Sartre's Still Still-Born Social Dialectic in Sartre, Kant and Heidegger SP - 1-14 JF - Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology VL - 13 IS - 1 N1 - Sartre's Still Still-Born Social Dialectic in Sartre, Kant and Heidegger N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Philosophy Sartre Kant Heidegger continental Philosophy social time Relevance: 1 N2 - The author's 'Origins, Being and Nothingness' argued that Sartre's account of correlativity in "being and nothingness" prevents his explaining how the temporal dialectic of surpassing gets started, and that his analysis of community is inadequate in that it does not succeed in providing for a public time and for a being with others in a public world. The present article argues that these objections hold for the "Critique of Dialectical Reason". UR - http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=12468973 ID - 167 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lloyd, Genevieve PY - 2000 TI - No One's Land: Australia and the Philosophical Imagination SP - 26-39 JF - Hypatia VL - 15 IS - 2 N1 - No One's Land: Australia and the Philosophical Imagination KW - Feminist Theory Australia History shared past time as tool for political legitimation time and space Philosophy inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 indigenous Australians indigenous peoples organisational temporalities Absence of future time as tool for managing percieved threats critical temporalities N2 - Drawing on the work of Michèle Le Dœuff, this paper uses the idea of “philosophical imagination” to make visible the historical intersection between philosophical ideas, social practice, and institutional structures. It explores the role of ideas of “terra nullius” and of the “doomed race” in the formation of some crucial ways in which non-indigenous Australians have imagined their relations with indigenous peoples. The author shows how feminist reading strategies that attend to the imaginary open up ways of rethinking processes of inclusion and exclusion. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2000.tb00312.x/full ID - 467 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lockwood, Julie L. AU - Powell, Robert D. AU - Nott, M. Philip AU - Pimm, Stuart L. PY - 1997 TI - Assembling Ecological Communities in Time and Space SP - 549-553 JF - Oikos VL - 80 IS - 3 SN - 00301299 N1 - Assembling Ecological Communities in Time and Space N1 - JSTOR KW - ecological communities ecology complexity theory method: dynamic rather than static non-homogeneous community sequence extinctions Conservation practices Relevance: 3 N2 - Ecological communities do not spring into existence overnight, but develop during the process we call assembly. As in other complex systems, random assemblies may generate surprising patterns. In previous models, sequential invasion and extinction moved successive species mixes toward a persistent one. Other species present in the pool could not invade this persistent mix. Chance events early in the assembly produced persistent mixes of different compositions. Most model species survived somewhere by belonging to one or more of these different persistent mixes. We show that with more rapid invasion, communities move through complex cycles of composition, where each species gets its turn. These complementary views offer insights into the diversity of natural communities. Importantly, they have practical implications for those attempting to restore diversity to damaged ecosystems. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3546628 ID - 87 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lofty, John PY - 1995 TI - Timescapes for Literacy: Time in Academic Communities SP - 16-41 JF - College Literature VL - 22 IS - 2 SN - 00933139 N1 - Timescapes for Literacy: Time in Academic Communities N1 - JSTOR KW - education communities of practice multiple temporalities temporal conflict time use organisational temporalities scheduling coordinating between different times temporality of academic work cultural diversity time scarcity time allocation inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 temporal inequality timescape N2 - no abstract - from the text: To show that time, like language, comes in different forms or varieties, I want to use Joos's symbol to explore the different conceptions of time that we find in higher education. Although the Central Standard Time of academic life will be a familiar measure to many students, it will be a new metron for some and one actively resisted by others. Students and teachers often do not keep the same time. Much less understood by teachers than language variation is the way in which students entering English classes have learned time codes different from those that shape our own expectations about how academic work is produced. Differences between our time values and those of students might be expressed by students giving lower priorities to paper deadlines than to social commitments, by their not recognizing the need to complete readings before class discussion, or by their failing to read the signals marking the end of a conference. Our student body is becoming more diverse as increasing numbers, for example, come from multicultural backgrounds, enter college as first-generation students, and reenter schooling as mature students whose time available for academic studies is likely to compete with time for work and family. The time demands on the lives of the latter group will be very different from those made on more traditional students whose lives can revolve around study. Consequently, the diversity of our student populations confronts us with differences in academic preparation and varying attitudes toward allocating appropriate time for study. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/25112185 ID - 86 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lott, Eric PY - 1995 TI - Nation Time SP - 555-571 JF - American Literary History VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 08967148 N1 - Nation Time KW - Relevance: 4 politics literary theory nationalism Break in time race Slavery History N2 - not available - from intro: Given that many writers have likewise seen the time ripe for reflection on the relatedness of American traditions until recently (and for good reasons) studied separately-on, that is, the question of the national culture-it is worth looking into one major instance of this national navel gazing for the politics of its politics. In an interesting (and, it may be, symptomatic) way, the views of Sundquist's Commentary article haunt To Wake the Nations, orienting his gaze and subtly defining the limits of the sayable. Sundquist's volume advances well beyond most work on race and literature even as it is governed by a phantom allegiance to the nationalism and American exceptionalism of "Up to Slavery." UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/489851 ID - 576 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Lowenthal, David PY - 2006 BT - The past is a foreign country CY - Cambridge PB - Cambridge University Press N1 - The past is a foreign country SN - 9780521294805 KW - shared past inheritance identity Social Change relevance: 2 Psychoanalysis past in the present the past Heritage forgetting science fiction nostalgia nationalism N2 - In this remarkably wide-ranging book Professor Lowenthal analyses the ever-changing role of the past in shaping our lives. A heritage at once nurturing and burdensome, the past allows us to make sense of the present whilst imposing powerful constraints upon the way that present develops. Some aspects of the past are celebrated, others expunged, as each generation reshapes its legacy in line with current needs. Drawing on all the arts, the humanities and the social sciences, the author uses sources as diverse as science fiction and psychoanalysis to examine how rebellion against inherited tradition has given rise to the modern cult of preservation and pervasive nostalgia. Profusely illustrated, The Past is a Foreign Country shows that although the past has ceased to be a sanction for inherited power or privilege, as a focus of personal and national identity and as a bulwark against massive and distressing change it remains as potent a force as ever in human affairs. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=jMqsAQZmv5IC ID - 228 ER - TY - ELEC AU - LSE Anthropology - Conflicts in Time Research Network PY - 2011 TI - Conflicts In Time: Rethinking 'Contemporary' Globalisation - Seminar Series May 2008 - March 2011 N1 - London PB - London School of Economics Y2 - 28th August 2011, 2011 N1 - Conflicts In Time: Rethinking 'Contemporary' Globalisation - Seminar Series May 2008 - March 2011 Y2 - 28th August 2011 KW - Sociology Anthropology Geography Museums Activism Art Politics globalisation planning Shared present international Relations time as context time as all encompassing coordinating between different times critical temporalities conceptions of time Trajectories Rhythms organisational temporalities temporal complexity Multiple temporalities labour time timescape Unpredictibility Planning heritage mediation Method: comparative analysis politics of time Bureaucracy Relevance: 2 N2 - This seminar series brings together sociologists, anthropologists, social geographers, museum specialists, activists and artists in a rethinking of the importance of struggles over time to processes of globalisation. We aim to question the frequent assumption in theories of globalisation that we live within a shared present in which time is experienced in one way and is an abstract container for social action. So far this has obscured the diverse experiences of and social struggles over pasts and futures that make up the present and shape the future of globalisation. Building on an existing cross-institutional discussion group of anthropologists who have worked on issues of temporality and linking together academics in a range of institutions in the UK and Europe, the research seminar series will address several core themes. First, we will uncover the reality of specific current struggles over senses and trajectories of time. Secondly, we will examine the various ways in which social rhythms are now being managed and institutionalised. Thirdly, we will address the complexity of the experiences of the present that vary according to social location, temporal practices and work-place rhythms. Addressing these themes will allow us to track the actually existing shape of the timescapes of globalisation and the unpredictable outcomes of their interactions. We have identified four key sites for exploring the conflicts in time characteristic of current practices of globalisation each of which will be addressed in turn by the workshop series. These are heritage organizations, planning institutions, social movements and global workplaces. All of these institutions attempt to mediate between economic, political, popular and intimate practices of time. Also they seek to arbitrate and shape the boundary between private and public uses and experiences of time. This focus on institutional sites will allow us to meet our aim of moving beyond the anthropological claim that there are diverse senses of time into an exploration of the political and ethical negotiations between these. In addition we will be able to fulfil our goal of developing the growing argument within social geography that there is no single experience of neo-liberal or globalised time. The focus in the workshop series on comparative studies of these institutions from a range of global contexts will enable us to succeed in bringing the theories and empirical findings of sociologists, anthropologists and social geographers into dialogue with each other in a controlled exercise of interdisciplinary work. From this empirical ground we will formulate a new theoretical model in the final fifth seminar that will examine how several senses of time are lived by one subject and how various temporal practices alter each other at key social sites. At this seminar we will also analyse global trends in the management and politics of time by tracing the borrowing of time-practices between and among these institutions. Overall the research seminar series will aim to create new insights by addressing domains that are not usually theorised together—the culture industries, bureaucracy, activism and labour. In addition it will innovatively aim to bring within one analytical frame time-practices that are oriented towards the past, present and future. UR - http://www2.lse.ac.uk/anthropology/research/conflicts_in_time/conflictsInTime.aspx ID - 621 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Luciano, Dana PY - 2007 BT - Arranging grief: sacred time and the body in nineteenth-century America CY - New York PB - New York University Press N1 - Arranging grief: sacred time and the body in nineteenth-century America KW - Death & dying Religion USA embodiment memory Affect nationalism history sacred time Foucault Psychoanalysis literary theory Method: textual analysis Progress Relevance: 2 Mourning changing perceptions of time time as symbolic resource chronology national time literature N2 - Charting the proliferation of forms of mourning and memorial across a century increasingly concerned with their historical and temporal significance, Arranging Grief offers an innovative new view of the aesthetic, social, and political implications of emotion. Dana Luciano argues that the cultural plotting of grief provides a distinctive insight into the nineteenth-century American temporal imaginary, since grief both underwrote the social arrangements that supported the nation's standard chronologies and sponsored other ways of advancing history. Nineteenth-century appeals to grief, as Luciano demonstrates, diffused modes of "sacred time" across both religious and ostensibly secular frameworks, at once authorizing and unsettling established schemes of connection to the past and the future. Examining mourning manuals, sermons, memorial tracts, poetry, and fiction by Harriet Beecher Stowe, William Apess, James Fenimore Cooper, Catharine Maria Sedgwick, Susan Warner, Harriet E. Wilson, Herman Melville, Frances E. W. Harper, Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, Elizabeth Keckley, and Ralph Waldo Emerson, Luciano illustrates the ways that grief coupled the affective body to time. Drawing on formalist, Foucauldian, and psychoanalytic criticism, Arranging Grief shows how literary engagements with grief put forth ways of challenging deep-seated cultural assumptions about history, progress, bodies, and behaviors. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=7sSxNSqbjj4C ID - 977 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Macdonald, Sharon PY - 1997 BT - Reimagining Culture: Histories, Identities and the Gaelic Renaissance CY - Oxford PB - Berg N1 - Reimagining Culture: Histories, Identities and the Gaelic Renaissance KW - History identity invention of tradition Scotland U.K. Europe ethnicity nationalism Relevance: 2 Tradition belonging community development policy N2 - Since the 1960s, policies to 'revive' minority cultures and languages have flourished. But what does it mean to have a 'cultural identity'? And are minorities as deeply attached to their languages and traditions as revival policies suppose? This book is a sophisticated analysis of responses to the 'Gaelic renaissance' in a Scottish Hebridean community. Its description of everyday conceptions of belonging and interpretations of cultural policy takes us into the world of Gaelic playgroups, crofting, local history, religion and community development. Historically and theoretically informed, this book challenges many of the ways in which we conventionally think about ethnic and national identity. This accessible and engaging account of life in this remote region of Europe provides an original and timely contribution to questions of considerable currency in a broad range of social science disciplines. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=DZZnAAAAMAAJ ID - 957 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Macduff, Ian PY - 2006 TI - Your Pace or Mine? Culture, Time, and Negotiation SP - 31-45 JF - Negotiation Journal VL - 22 IS - 1 SN - 1571-9979 N1 - Your Pace or Mine? Culture, Time, and Negotiation M3 - 10.1111/j.1571-9979.2006.00084.x KW - pace coordinating between different times negotiation temporal conflict cultural variants of time punctuality time reckoning time as symbolic resource perception of time values Rhetoric time management Relevance: 2 N2 - This article explores the impact that different perceptions of time may have on cross-cultural negotiations. Beyond obvious issues of punctuality and timekeeping, differences may occur in the value placed on the uses of time and the priorities given to past, present, or future orientations. The role of time in negotiations involves two key dimensions: differing perceptions and values of time, and the management of time. Both dimensions, the author suggests, need to be on the negotiation table. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1571-9979.2006.00084.x ID - 992 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Maclean, Catherine PY - 2003 BT - Social Relations and the Life Course: Age Generation and Social Change ED - Allan, Graham ED - Jones, Gill CT - 'Making it Their Home': In-migration, Time, Social Change and Belonging in a Rural Community CY - Basingstoke, Hants, UK PB - Palgrave Macmillan T3 - Explorations in Sociology. British Sociological Association Conference SP - 155 - 171 N1 - 'Making it Their Home': In-migration, Time, Social Change and Belonging in a Rural Community KW - Migration home Social Change Belonging Rural communities life course Generations Families Sociology Relevance: 2 N2 - This collection of essays represents some of the most important recent research into changing patterns of family, household, and community life. It brings together some of the leading sociologists in the field to explore how these informal social relationships change over time and the life course. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=FldnQgAACAAJ ID - 1035 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Macmillan, Rob PY - 2011 TI - Seeing things differently? The promise of qualitative longitudinal research on the third sector JF - Third Sector Research Centre Working Paper VL - 56 N1 - Seeing things differently? The promise of qualitative longitudinal research on the third sector KW - Third sector Method: longitudinal analysis methodology Method: dynamic rather than static social change Method: qualitative Multiple temporalities temporal conflict action Relevance: 2 Multiple temporalities N2 - There has been a rapidly growing interest in longitudinal research methods and dynamic analysis in recent decades. A longitudinal research gaze offers the promise of seeing things differently, and of understanding the dynamic processes involved in social change, of what happens next and why. This paper explores the potential of qualitative longitudinal research for developing understanding of the dynamics of the third sector. The Third Sector Research Centre has embarked upon a qualitative longitudinal study of third sector activities called ‘Real Times’. The paper sets out the thinking behind the study. As well as providing a basic description of the rationale, design and structure of ‘Real Times’, the paper discusses the methodological interest in qualitative longitudinal research in the third sector, the substantive contextual issues the third sector is experiencing as the study takes place, and some of the theoretical thinking involved in the study. In particular it discusses three theoretical ‘imaginings’ which inform the research: the different temporalities involved in the third sector; a ‘relational’ account of the third sector as a contested field; and lastly the idea of strategic action in context. UR - http://www.tsrc.ac.uk/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=yMWk1rFqay4%3d&tabid=500 ID - 588 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Macphee, Marybeth PY - 2004 TI - The Weight of the past in the Experience of Health: Time, Embodiment, and Cultural Change in Morocco SP - 374-396 JF - Ethos VL - 32 IS - 3 SN - 00912131 N1 - The Weight of the past in the Experience of Health: Time, Embodiment, and Cultural Change in Morocco KW - task oriented time Work time Anthropology health care embodiment Africa food ethics collective memory Bourdieu Relevance: 2 technology time use care work Social Change phenomenology time as symbolic resource Islam N2 - Over the past thirty years, the introduction of new technologies into household life in southeastern, Saharan Morocco has decreased both the labor and time needed for the daily tasks of cooking and cleaning. Despite these benefits, Saharan housewives view the changes in diet and food preparation as the cause of an increase in fatigue and poor digestion. They construct this etiology by means of historical metaphors, which locate health in the aesthetic and moral virtues of life in the past. This article examines this example of collective memory from the perspective of cultural phenomenology, focusing on the relationship between habitus and culture change. P. Bourdieu argues that habitus has a "hysteresis effect, " (1977:78, 1990:59) in which the disproportional weight of early experience in the generation of embodied dispositions creates a temporal lag in the logic of practice. In the Moroccan case, the persistence of embodied structures of the body in time from the premodern past fuels a moral discourse that links unrefined food, manual labor, and Islamic practice to meanings of health. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3651844 ID - 293 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maher, Jane Maree AU - Lindsay, Jo AU - Franzway, Suzanne PY - 2008 TI - Time, caring labour and social policy: understanding the family time economy in contemporary families SP - 547-558 JF - Work, Employment & Society VL - 22 IS - 3 N1 - Time, caring labour and social policy: understanding the family time economy in contemporary families N1 - 10.1177/0950017008095105 KW - care work labour time policy Families Public and private time Gender women time scarcity temporal complexity methodology Australia women's time change over time time use coordinating between different times time management economics time as resource Sociology Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: Time is critical in both the domain of paid work and the domain of family life, and the growth in women’s paid work is posing particular challenges for contemporary families. Recent international policy discussions about work/life balance have focussed on “reconciliation policies” which the OECD has defined as ‘all those measures that extend both family resources (income, services and time for parenting) and parental labour market attachment’ (OECD 2002). But family time is a finite resource and the extent of parental labour market attachment is dependent on time available in the context of family life. We propose a new framework, the family time economy, which allows for investigation of the interrelated and complex temporalities of work and care in contemporary family life. Using the Australian case, we argue this framework may more fully reveal family experiences of work and care, the transitions between work and care and the gendered allocation of time within families... Grounded understanding of this new gendered pattern of labour market participation and its effects on family life requires attention to two key interrelated themes: 1) changes in family life around care, focusing on gender roles and new family forms; and 2) the management and use of time within families to undertake work and care. These are clearly interconnected; changes in time use will change families and changes in families will shape the use of family time. Here, we concentrate on the second theme where the changing use of family time in response to women’s patterns of paid work requires new time management. The management and administration of resources (in nations, communities and households) is encompassed by the term, economy. Time has become a crucial resource in families and workplaces, effectively creating a time economy within families. In this article, we outline the dimensions of this family time economy and draw largely on the Australian literature to examine the new temporalities families are facing due to changes to work, gender and time use patterns and relevant work time policy settings. Although the family time economy concept has been generated from the Australian context and in response to debate and policy here, we suggest that it has wider applicability and offers a new opportunity for comparing work/care arrangements in different national contexts. UR - http://wes.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/22/3/547 ID - 735 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Maidment, MaDonna R. PY - 2006 BT - Doing time on the outside: Deconstructing the benevolent community CY - Toronto PB - University of Toronto Press N1 - Doing time on the outside: Deconstructing the benevolent community SN - 0094-3061 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Prison life time as resource Method: Interviews Sociology Relevance: 3 criminology women inclusion/exclusion time management time discipline re-entry into community time spent with community perception of time N2 - Criminalized women are the focus of great interest in contemporary sociological research all over the world, however much of the growing body of work in this area has focused on the prison. Considerably less attention has been paid to women serving their sentences in the community. Doing Time on the Outside fills a gap in the research by focusing on the experiences of women on conditional release, and attempting to understand how some criminalized women avoid going back into custody given the many challenges they face. Using data collected in a series of interviews, MaDonna R. Maidment identifies four major factors characterizing women's attempts at re-integration. First, the fewer 'layers of social control' a woman lived under prior to her prison term, the greater her chances of staying out of prison. Those women accustomed to a lifetime of formal social controls are vulnerable and largely dependent on continued intervention. Second, women's own accounts of their success do not coincide with official definitions. For many women who have spent their lives being controlled by state agencies, managing a relatively short period of independence in the community marks a major milestone. Third, for those women who have managed to stay out of the criminal justice system, a majority remain tightly entangled in other state-sponsored control regimes, where patterns of dependency, medicalization, and infantilization still persist in the treatment of women. Fourth and finally, familial and social support networks are paramount to women's successful re-integration, far more so than professional supports provided by state and community agencies. Maidment's important findings have significant implications: they beg us to re-examine how our society processes criminalized women, and to call into question well-entrenched contemporary policies, which have failed to account for the economic, social, and cultural realities of women's lives. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=YgEPkgtBJBYC ID - 15 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maines, David R. PY - 1987 TI - The Significance of Temporality for the Development of Sociological Theory SP - 303-311 JF - The Sociological Quarterly VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 00380253 N1 - The Significance of Temporality for the Development of Sociological Theory KW - Sociology methodology social time time as missing element critique of discipline Relevance: 3 N2 - This article introduces The Sociological Quarterly's feature on temporality and sociological inquiry. It sets the context of this feature as one of sociological neglect of temporality and of an increasing univocality in sociological work, and it suggests some of the consequences of that neglect and univocality. It is argued that the incorporation of up-to-date conceptions of temporality into sociological work will contribute to improved theory and better understanding of human social life. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4120644 ID - 2035 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maines, David R. AU - Sugrue, Noreen M. AU - Katovich, Michael A. PY - 1983 TI - The Sociological Import of G.H. Mead’s Theory of the Past SP - 161-173 JF - American Sociological Review VL - 48 IS - 2 N1 - The Sociological Import of G.H. Mead’s Theory of the Past N1 - Course outline - A Mische KW - G.H. Mead Sociology the past power Methodology relevance: 1 pragmatism N2 - Mead's theory of the past, which contains his theory of temporality, is scrutinized for its relevance to sociological concerns. His theory is described, and four analytical dimensions are identified which provide the basis for discussing that relevance. Several standard areas of sociological endeavor are briefly analyzed in terms of those dimensions, and then a detailed analysis of community power relations is provided in light of his theory. It is concluded that Mead's theory of temporality is a powerful framework for organizing an array of sociological interests and problems. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2095102 ID - 553 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mains, Daniel PY - 2007 TI - Neoliberal Times: Progress, Boredom, and Shame among Young Men in Urban Ethiopia SP - 659-673 JF - American Ethnologist VL - 34 IS - 4 SN - 00940496 N1 - Neoliberal Times: Progress, Boredom, and Shame among Young Men in Urban Ethiopia KW - Africa Anthropology labour time Boredom Capitalism Economics life course progress Migration time use status Relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion neoliberalism urban communities normativity experiential time Absence of future Affect shame N2 - In this article, I examine discourses and practices surrounding employment, the experience of time, and international migration among young men in urban Ethiopia to demonstrate the value and limits of understanding cultural and economic processes in terms of neoliberal capitalism. Young men's inability to experience progress and take on the normative responsibilities of adults is conditioned by economic policies associated with structural adjustment and local values surrounding occupational status. Young men construct international migration as a solution to their temporal problems. I argue that local values surrounding status and shame highlight the importance of social relationships for conceptualizing time and space. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4496842 ID - 274 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Makdisi, Saree PY - 1995 TI - Colonial Space and the Colonization of Time in Scott's "Waverley" SP - 155-187 JF - Studies in Romanticism VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 00393762 N1 - Colonial Space and the Colonization of Time in Scott's "Waverley" KW - Colonialism Scotland U.K. Europe literature literary theory time and space Assumptions about time obscuring x History Time as tool for political legitimation Relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion imagined pasts N2 - not available - from intro:[Scott's novel Waverly] offered, virtuaUy for the first time, an altogether new series of images and representations of the Scottish Highlands. Beginning with Waverley, in other words, Sir Walter Scott's image of the Highlands has in cultural terms virtually taken over from and supplanted "the real thing," by which I mean something stronger than that Scott's representation has precluded other views of the Highlands. For this raises the question, not simply of what that "real thing" was or is, but rather of how today's Highlands were brought into being as a reality?or as a set of at once material and symbolic realities?at a certain specifiable moment in the violent cultural history of the United Kingdom. The question that lies at the heart of my interest in Waverley is this: how is space, as a fluid and simultaneously material and political process, pro duced or re-produced during the process of colonial conquest? Or, to what extent can the violent and productive process of colonialism be understood as spatial?as a process not merely involving the coding and recoding of conquered territories and peoples, but the virtual reinvention of the colonized territory as a space that can be put to use in various ways? Moreover, if we do want to understand colonialism as a spatial operation, can we see the resistance to colonial rule in spatial terms, as an anti hegemonic attempt to either limit or to contest the hegemonic territori alizations undertaken in colonialism? The answers to these questions may depend on the extent of the spatial project undertaken in any given historical instance of colonization. But?even given that this may be a matter of degree or extent?what is for me the most urgent question here is this: what happens to a people, a history, a culture, that falls victim to a colonial project whose objective is not only to exploit its victims, but to dispossess them and claim all of their land in order to re-encode it, re-name it, to literally re-write it and re-invent it? What happens to the history of such a dispossessed people? And what, finally, are the relationships between the material processes of such spatial reinventions and broader cultural ones? To what extent does symbolic production play a role in the endless creation of space? With these questions in mind, what I want to argue in the present essay is that Scott's Waverley contributed not only to the invention of a new Highland reality, but also to the construction and colonization of a Highland past to go with it. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/25601111 ID - 297 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Malinowski, Bronislaw PY - 1927 TI - Lunar and Seasonal Calendar in the Trobriands. SP - 203-215 N1 - Jan-June JF - Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland VL - 57 IS - Jan. - Jun. N1 - Lunar and Seasonal Calendar in the Trobriands. KW - Anthropology social time labour time Relevance: 2 Seasonal time cultural variants of time time reckoning calendars Social coordination coordinating between different times Sacred time Malinowski N2 - Not available - from introduction: A SYSTEM of reckoning time is a practical, as well as a sentimental, necessity in every culture, however simple. Members of every human group have the need of co-ordinating various activities, of fixing dates for the future, of placing reminiscences in the past, of gauging the length of bygone periods and of those to come. The practical need of time-reckoning arises out of any somewhat complicated work which has to be distributed over a prolonged period of time, and in which a nuLmber of people have to co-operate. When the soil is to be tilled or a long fishing or hunting expedition undertaken, dates have to be fixed by reference to some recurrent natural phenomena which can be foreseen and defined. When a magical or religious festival is to be held, there must, as a rule, be preparations, material as well as spiritual, and it is necessary to place them within the scheme of other activities. Again, when people from various localities, at times not easy of access, have to be summoned and later on to foregather, there must be some way by which a future date can be defined for some time ahead. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2843682 ID - 469 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mallon, Florencia E. PY - 1999 TI - Time on the Wheel: Cycles of Revisionism and the "New Cultural History" SP - 331-353 JF - The Hispanic American Historical Review VL - 79 IS - 2 SN - 00182168 N1 - Time on the Wheel: Cycles of Revisionism and the "New Cultural History" KW - methodology Method: quantitative temporality of academic work history Relevance: 4 N2 - not available - from the article:If we all agree that the importance of revisionism in history is precisely to open up new questions that force us to see familiar processes or relationships in a new light, then it seems to me that the most important and productive historical discussion will always go on at the margins-between different epistemological and methodological traditions, in the interstices between different fields and approaches. If this is the case, then we may often be debating rules of evidence and argumentation, standards of proof, rules of causation, and the legitimacy of different analytical categories. I believe we should welcome these debates, but in order to make them as fruitful as possible, I would propose adding one more set of rules to the discussion: those governing the debate itself. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2518377 ID - 303 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mansfield, Nick PY - 2008 TI - ‘There is a Spectre Haunting . . .’: Ghosts, Their Bodies, Some Philosophers, a Novel and the Cultural Politics of Climate Change SP - n.p. JF - borderlands: e-journal VL - 7 IS - 1 N1 - ‘There is a Spectre Haunting . . .’: Ghosts, Their Bodies, Some Philosophers, a Novel and the Cultural Politics of Climate Change KW - Derrida; Climate change; environment; identity; communities in crisis; politics; political time; untimely; history; Multiple temporalities; inclusion/exclusion; Past in the present; Unpredictibility; futurity; literary theory; literature; Continental Philosophy; Philosophy; non-homogeneous community; Relevance: 2; Historical time; critical temporalities N2 - How will our current conceptions of cultural politics adapt to the challenges of climate change? Will current influential accounts of social identity based on otherness need to be replaced by new models of social interaction? Will current re-conceptions of historical time be radical enough to cope with the political challenges climate change is already proposing? The deconstruction of conventional historical time argues for a radical pluralisation of history as a response to the marginalisation of others. According to this account, the other exceeds the dialectical production of self-identity of Hegelian historicism. But has this deconstruction of history resulted in a new historicism that is plural and discontinuous, but still fundamentally transparent? This paper argues that climate change will require a re-thinking of historical time that is neither dialectic and continuous, nor deconstructive and radically plural. Derrida’s rethinking of historical time in terms of ‘hauntology,’ provides an alternative way of considering historical time in terms of the unpredictability of future events. The ghost, Derrida argues, is a remnant from the past, unresolved and unassimilable, coming to us from the future. I use this trope to describe firstly, the material consequences of past ecological exploitation, as well as the inevitable de-stabilisation of global politics caused by the unequal impact that these consequences will have on different societies and groups. Using Tom Cohen’s distinction between the cultural politics of ‘the otherness of the other’ and the ‘Absolute Other,’ and through a reading of Christos Tsiolkas’s novel Dead Europe, I argue that the Absolute Other of climate change will lead to a new material politics in which otherness in general will be reconfigured. UR - http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no1_2008/mansfield_climate.htm ID - 470 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marasco, Robyn PY - 2010 TI - ‘I would rather wait for you than believe that you are not coming at all’: Revolutionary love in a post-revolutionary time SP - 643-662 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 36 IS - 6 N1 - ‘I would rather wait for you than believe that you are not coming at all’: Revolutionary love in a post-revolutionary time N1 - 10.1177/0191453710366213 KW - Philosophy imagined futures waiting social theory political time hope revolution time as horizon Religion gender passivity marxism communism Beauvoir feminism feminist theory Utopia Benjamin Adorno Relevance: 3 politics love N2 - This article examines the return of love in contemporary critical theory. While recent attempts to make sense of a politicized concept of love have focused on its reconciliatory promise for our age, this article considers love as a discourse of edification for a frustrated political subject, one whose radical hopes have been forged in waiting. Those who want to resist the idea that the revolutionary horizon has for ever receded can be easily tempted and sometimes blindly seduced by the force of love. As an upbuilding discourse, the political appeal to love betrays a profound religiosity and a frustrated longing for transcendence, but it functions, also, to feminize political subjectivity, rendering it passive and wholly derivative of the dominant order. Marx’s attack on communist lovesickness and Beauvoir’s portrait of the grande amoureuse provide touchstones for a feminist critique of love, one that refuses its seductions without wholly dispensing with its critical and utopian dimension. Other critical theorists, notably Walter Benjamin and Theodor Adorno, intimate how love furnishes, not the affective grounds for political practice, but the recollection of a poetics of thinking. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/content/36/6/643.abstract ID - 925 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Margaroni, Maria PY - 2004 TI - The Time of a Gift SP - 49-62 JF - Philosophy Today VL - 48 IS - 1 N1 - The Time of a Gift KW - Derrida Philosophy levinas Continental Philosophy ethics relationality Relevance: 3 The gift N2 - My contention in this essay is that, in his desire to keep what he calls the "pure" gift without temporality, Jacques Derrida sets up an ineffable exteriority that is (quasi-) transcendent and without relation. My main concern is to suggest that Emmanuel Levinas permits us to think the "being-without" of the gift wholly otherwise. Thus, if the gift remains "without" the circle of the proper, this is because it 'ek-sists' no longer in an atemporal temporality perceived as the other of time but, as Levinas puts it, "in a time without me," i.e., in the time of the other. UR - http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=629611421&Fmt=7&clientId=25620&RQT=309&VName=PQD ID - 471 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marini, G. AU - Scaramozzino, P. PY - 2000 TI - Social time preference SP - 639-645 JF - Journal of Population Economics VL - 13 IS - 4 SN - 0933-1433 N1 - Social time preference AN - WOS:000166482600006 M3 - 10.1007/s001480050155 KW - time preference consumerism social time economics The future future orientation Generations method: quantitative future generations generations temporal inequality Relevance: 3 N2 - The observed practice of discounting the future should not be rationalised on the grounds of myopia or selfishness. A positive rate of pure time preference is necessary to ensure that heterogeneous generations are treated in an egalitarian fashion. A zero social discount rate would yield intertemporal allocations which are biased against the current generations. Endogenous productivity growth requires that the social discount rate be set above the subjective rate of pure time preference. Positive social time preference, far from discriminating against future generations, is essential for a fairer intertemporal allocation of resources. JEL classification: 43. UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/mcralvq9r4rd4lb9/ ID - 794 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marrs, Aaron W. PY - 2008 TI - Railroads and Time Consciousness in the Antebellum South SP - 433-456 JF - Enterprise & Society VL - 9 IS - 3 SN - 1467-2235 N1 - Railroads and Time Consciousness in the Antebellum South N1 - Project Muse KW - History Capitalism time discipline experiential time USA clocks multiple temporalities temporal conflict organisational temporalities labour time Relevance: 1 Transport technologies changing perceptions of time industrialisation contradictory present coordinating between different times time reckoning N2 - Historians have often looked to industrial capitalism to further our understanding of "time consciousness." This article explores time consciousness through the experience of a railroad in pre-Civil War South Carolina. Examining the South Carolina Railroad allows us to examine how time consciousness operated in a region not associated with industrial capitalism, and also see how multiple times could function simultaneously. While clocks were important to railroad operations, companies also had to address an array of non-clock times. Moreover, companies were never fully in control of their own time, but were in constant conflict and negotiation with various groups in the community. While industrialization and factory labor remain important ways to understand time consciousness, looking beyond the factory walls can help historians make better use of the analytical power of time. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/enterprise_and_society/v009/9.3.marrs.html ID - 88 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martin, J. R. PY - 2008 TI - Negotiating Values: Narrative and Exposition SP - 41-55 JF - Journal of Bioethical Inquiry VL - 5 IS - 1 N1 - Negotiating Values: Narrative and Exposition N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - narrative values linguistics Communication Relevance: 1 ethics philosophy literary theory chronotopes time as symbolic resource Solidarity N2 - In this paper I focus on the limits of narrative by asking what kinds of things narratives do, and what kinds of texts do related things in other ways. In particular I focus on how narrative genres organise time in relation to value, drawing on functional linguistic models of temporality and evaluation. From a linguistic perspective, the various narrative genres negotiate different kinds of solidarity with listeners, and so the limits of narrative materialise various possibilities for communing in a culture, alongside the potentialities for construing community through related and other genres of discourse -- since in general, the limits/possibilities of our language (and attendant modalities of communication) are the limits/possibilities of our social world. UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/t5354013u24h4kw1/ ID - 172 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Martin-Jones, David PY - 2006 BT - Deleuze, cinema and national identity: narrative time in national contexts CY - Edinburgh PB - Edinburgh University Press N1 - Deleuze, cinema and national identity: narrative time in national contexts KW - Deleuze cinema nationalism narrative national time philosophy media events method: comparative analysis cultural diversity cultural variants of time Relevance: 2 Hong Kong Asia Japan U.K. Germany South Korea Italy Poland Europe N2 - Deleuze, Cinema and National Identity challenges the traditional use of Deleuze's philosophy to examine European art cinema. It explores how Deleuze can be used to analyse national identity across a range of different cinemas. Focusing on narrative time it combines a Deleuzean approach with a vast range of non-traditional material. The films discussed are contemporary and popular (either financial or cult successes), and include Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind, Terminator 3, Memento, Saving Private Ryan, Run Lola Run, Sliding Doors, Chaosand Peppermint Candy. Each film is examined in light of a major historical event - including 9/11, German reunification, and the Asian economic crisis - and the impact it has had on individual nations. This cross-cultural approach illustrates how Deleuze's work can enhance our understanding of the construction of national identity. It also enables a critique of Deleuze's conclusions by examining his work in a variety of national contexts. The book significantly broadens the field of work on Deleuze and cinema. It places equal emphasis on understanding mainstream North American genre films, American independent and European art films. It also examines Asian thrillers, gangster and art films in the light of Deleuze's work on time. With Asian films increasingly crossing over into western markets, this is a timely addition to the expanding body of work on Deleuze and film. Key Features * The first sustained analysis of Deleuze and national identity, bringing together film theory and film history. * Examines how narrative time is used to construct national identity across a range of different cinemas, including Britain, Germany, North America, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Italy and Poland. * Uses Deleuze in conjunction with a number of different types of recent film, from Hollywood blockbusters to Asian gangster movies. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=ZmScYJ1QjC0C ID - 2052 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Martin-Jones, David PY - 2007 TI - Decompressing Modernity: South Korean Time, Travel Narratives and the IMF Crisis SP - 45-67 JF - Cinema Journal VL - 46 IS - 4 SN - 00097101 N1 - Decompressing Modernity: South Korean Time, Travel Narratives and the IMF Crisis KW - South Korea literary theory Media Cinema Acceleration of time nationalism identity history Communities in crisis gender time/space compression science fiction economics Relevance: 2 N2 - During and after the IMF crisis of 1997-2001 several South Korean films deployed time travel narratives to explore the impact of compressed modernity on national identity. These films "decompressed" recent history to negotiate social changes brought about by the crisis, particularly in relation to changing gender roles. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/30137719 ID - 273 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Massey, Anne P. AU - Montoya-Weiss, Mitzi M. AU - Hung, Yu-Ting PY - 2003 TI - Because Time Matters: Temporal Coordination in Global Virtual Project Teams SP - 129-155 JF - Journal of Management Information Systems VL - 19 IS - 4 SN - 0742-1222 N1 - Because Time Matters: Temporal Coordination in Global Virtual Project Teams KW - social coordination coordinating between different times globalisation labour time Management information Technology Asynchrony communication temporal complexity USA Japan networks time management Synchronicity relevance: 2 online communities method: social network analysis the internet N2 - In this study, we explore the nature of team interaction and the role of temporal coordination in asynchronously communicating global virtual project teams (GVPT). Drawing on Time, Interaction, and Performance (TIP) theory, we consider how and why virtual team behavior is temporally patterned in complex ways. We report on the results of an experiment consisting of 35 virtual project teams comprised of 175 members residing in the United States and Japan. Through content and cluster analysis, we identify distinct patterns of interaction and examine how these patterns are associated with differential levels of GVPT performance. We also explore the role of temporal coordination mechanisms as a means to synchronize temporal patterns in GVPTs. Our results suggest that successful enactment of temporal coordination mechanisms is associated with higher performance. However, we found that temporal coordination per se is not the driver of performance; rather, it is the influence of coordination on interaction behaviors that affects performance. UR - http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1289771 ID - 2011 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Massey, Doreen PY - 1992 TI - Politics and Space/Time SP - 65-84 JF - New Left Review VL - 196 N1 - Politics and Space/Time KW - time and space Geography methodology temporal distancing politics Relevance: 3 Foucault Bhabha Massey N2 - not available - first paragraph: ‘Space’ is very much on the agenda these days. On the one hand, from a wide variety of sources come proclamations of the significance of the spatial in these times: ‘It is space not time that hides consequences from us’ (Berger); ‘The difference that space makes’ (Sayer); ‘That new spatiality implicit in the postmodern’ (Jameson); ‘It is space rather than time which is the distinctively significant dimension of contemporary capitalism’ (Urry); and ‘All the social sciences must make room for an increasingly geographical conception of mankind’ (Braudel). Even Foucault is now increasingly cited for his occasional reflections on the importance of the spatial. His 1967 Berlin lectures contain the unequivocal: ‘The anxiety of our era has to do fundamentally with space, no doubt a great deal more than with time.’ In other contexts the importance of the spatial, and of associated concepts, is more metaphorical. In debates around identity the terminology of space, location, positionality and place figures prominently. Homi Bhabha, in discussions of cultural identity, argues for a notion of a ‘third space’. Jameson, faced with what he sees as the global confusions of postmodern times, ‘the disorientation of saturated space’, calls for an exercise in ‘cognitive mapping’. And Laclau, in his own very different reflections on the ‘new revolution of our time’, uses the terms ‘temporal’ and ‘spatial’ as the major differentiators between ways of conceptualizing systems of social relations. UR - http://www.newleftreview.org/?page=article&view=1693 ID - 472 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Massey, Doreen PY - 1995 TI - Places and Their Pasts SP - 182-192 JF - History Workshop Journal IS - 39 SN - 13633554 N1 - Places and Their Pasts KW - place Separation from the past time and space the past shared past identity nationalism temporal distancing past in the present inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 Massey colonialism N2 - not available - from the text: There are two points which I want to draw out of these illustrations. The first is that places, in fact, are always constructed out of articulations of social relations (trading connections, the unequal links of colonialism, thoughts of home) which are not only internal to that locale but which link them to elsewhere. Their 'local uniqueness' is always already a product of wider contacts; the local is always already a product in part of 'global' forces, where global in this context refers not necessarily to the planetary scale, but to the geographical beyond, the world beyond the place itself.3 For the purposes of the argument here, I should like to take that point as given. But there is a second point whichi s raised by these various illustrations. All of them indicate a feeling that there is or has been some kind of disruption between the past of these places and at least some elements of their present or their potential future. Indeed, in all these cases 'the past' is seen in some sense to embody the real character of the place. It is from this kind of thinking that we find ourselves, probably all the while knowing that the term evokes a million unfortunate implications, talking of other places as 'unspoilt' (by which we usually mean: it is as we have imagined it to have been in some distant past). UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4289361 ID - 2055 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Massey, Doreen PY - 1999 BT - Power-geometries and the Politics of Space-time CY - Heidelberg PB - University of Heidelberg Press N1 - Power-geometries and the Politics of Space-time KW - Geography globalisation time and space power politics relevance: unknown Massey N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WF4SAQAAIAAJ ID - 473 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Massey, Doreen PY - 2005 BT - For Space CY - London PB - Sage N1 - For Space KW - Relevance: 3 time and space Philosophy Geography Globalisation Cities landscape politics critique of discipline Shared present Method: dynamic rather than static Social Change Massey N2 - In this book, Doreen Massey makes an impassioned argument for revitalising our imagination of space. She takes on some well-established assumptions from philosophy, and some familiar ways of characterising the twenty-first century world, and shows how they restrain our understanding of both the challenge and the potential of space.The way we think about space matters. It inflects our understandings of the world, our attitudes to others, our politics. It affects, for instance, the way we understand globalisation, the way we approach cities, the way we develop, and practice, a sense of place. If time is the dimension of change then space is the dimension of the social: the contemporaneous co-existence of others. That is its challenge, and one that has been persistently evaded. For Space pursues its argument through philosophical and theoretical engagement, and through telling personal and political reflection. Doreen Massey asks questions such as how best to characterise these so-called spatial times, how it is that implicit spatial assumptions inflect our politics, and how we might develop a responsibility for place beyond place. This book is "for space" in that it argues for a reinvigoration of the spatiality of our implicit cosmologies. For Space is essential reading for anyone interested in space and the spatial turn in the social sciences and humanities. Serious, and sometimes irreverent, it is a compelling manifesto: for re-imagining spaces for these times and facing up to their challenge. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xgrVr6Y_3ZcC ID - 474 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Matthews, Roger PY - 1999 BT - Doing Time: An Introduction to the Sociology of Imprisonment CY - Basingstoke PB - Macmillan N1 - Doing Time: An Introduction to the Sociology of Imprisonment KW - sociology prison life Perception of time social change time discipline Acceleration of time social time Relevance: 3 criminology changing perceptions of time re-entry into community N2 - This wide-ranging book provides a uniquely sociological account of the development and role of imprisonment in modern society. In developing the thesis that the process of imprisonment has shaped by changing the nature of space, time, and labor it examines the functioning of imprisonment in relation to changing socio-economic conditions, power relations, and strategies of social control. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=DNhAc2F7CS0C ID - 987 ER - TY - BOOK AU - May, Jon AU - Thrift, Nigel PY - 2001 TI - Timespace: Geographies of temporality CY - London and New York PB - Routledge N1 - Timespace: Geographies of temporality N1 - p304.23/44 KW - Social time time and space globalisation Geography Human Geography history Multiple temporalities politics Sociology Anthropology psychology Cultural studies Relevance: 2 time geography conceptions of time media N2 - Timespace undermines the old certainties of time and space by arguing that these dimensions do not exist singly, but only as a hybrid process term. The issue of space has perhaps been over-emphasised and it is essential that processes of everyday existence, such as globalisation and environmental issues and also notions such as gender, race and ethnicity, are looked at with a balanced time-space analysis. The social and cultural consequences of this move are traced through a series of studies which deploy different perspectives - structural, phenomenological and even Buddhist - in order to make things meet up. The contributors provide an overview of the history of time and introduce the concepts of time and space together, across a range of disciplines. The themes discussed are of importance for cultural geography, sociology, anthropology, cultural and media studies, and psychology. UR - http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=hRpltNdGOO0C ID - 475 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Maya-Jariego, Isidro AU - Armitage, Neil PY - 2007 TI - Multiple senses of community in migration and commuting: The interplay between time, space and relations SP - 743-766 JF - International Sociology VL - 22 IS - 6 SN - 0268-5809 N1 - Multiple senses of community in migration and commuting: The interplay between time, space and relations AN - WOS:000251451100004 M3 - 10.1177/0268580907082259 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Sociology multiple temporalities method: surveys method: social network analysis method: quantitative mobility across communities Migration time and space Temporal vs spatial communities Technology communication Meaning time allocation time spent with community the past The future expectation Spain Europe Relevance: 1 Hierarchy N2 - This article explores the relation between multiple senses of communities (M-SOC), time and relationships. Modern communications have weakened the traditional relationship between physical setting and social space, enabling participation in multiple communities simultaneously. Physical presence is no longer necessary or a guarantee for participation. This article is based upon a simple premise, that while as individuals we give meaning to our realities across a complexity of communities, our relations are continuously situated in time and space. Time participating in one community is time not spent participating in another. Additionally we are continuously holding a dialogue with time, both interpreting the past and assessing the future. Emigrating and commuting are social phenomena that are both concerned with the physical movement of individuals between social spaces, with contrasting distributions of time and relations across social spaces. Data obtained from two separate survey populations-immigrants (N = 200) and commuting university students (N = 208) from the same town-provide the empirical basis of the article. UCINET was used to map respondents' personal networks and calculate relational variables. M-SOC, measured with the Sense of Community Index (SCI), was correlated with (1) the distribution of time, (2) the future expectations of and (3) relational variables across multiple communities. In the case of foreigners, the number of years living in Spain was a significant predictor in three different hierarchical regressions of the sense of community with their neighbourhood in the sending country, their neighbourhood in Spain and the community of expatriate compatriots. For commuters, the average time spent daily in the city of residence, the average degree of their personal networks and the presence of people from the city of residence in their personal networks were all positively associated with the sense of community of the city of residence. UR - http://iss.sagepub.com/content/22/6/743.abstract ID - 16 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mayer, Heike AU - Knox, Paul L. PY - 2006 TI - Slow Cities: Sustainable places in a fast world SP - 321-334 JF - Journal of Urban Affairs VL - 28 IS - 4 N1 - Slow Cities: Sustainable places in a fast world M3 - 10.1111/j.1467-9906.2006.00298.x KW - Sustainability environment cities Urban communities Acceleration of time food critical temporalities Development Regeneration Germany economics Policy Relevance: 3 agriculture Deceleration of time N2 - This article examines the Slow Food and Slow City movement as an alternative approach to urban development that focuses on local resources, economic and cultural strengths, and the unique historical context of a town. Following recent discussions about the politics of alternative economic development, the study examines the Slow City movement as a strategy to address the interdependencies between goals for economic, environmental, and equitable urban development. In particular, we draw on the examples of two Slow Cities in Germany—Waldkirch and Hersbruck, and show how these towns are retooling their urban policies. The study is placed in the context of alternative urban development agendas as opposed to corporate-centered development. We conclude the article by offering some remarks about the institutional and political attributes of successful Slow Cities and the transferability of the concept. UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bpl/juaf/2006/00000028/00000004/art00001 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9906.2006.00298.x ID - 878 ER - TY - BOOK AU - McClintock, Anne PY - 1995 BT - Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest CY - New York and London PB - Routledge N1 - Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest KW - Colonialism politics nationalism myth feminist theory postcolonialism psychoanalysis marxism gender race class literary theory literature method: textual analysis Coevalness temporal distancing power identity Relevance: 3 asynchrony Western imperialism Africa South Africa History Method: oral history Feminism N2 - Imperial Leather chronicles the dangerous liaisons between gender, race and class that shaped British imperialism and its bloody dismantling. Spanning the century between Victorian Britain and the current struggle for power in South Africa, the book takes up the complex relationships between race and sexuality, fetishism and money, gender and violence, domesticity and the imperial market, and the gendering of nationalism within the zones of imperial and anti-imperial power. Anne McClintock explores the sexualizing of the terra incognita, the imperial myth of the empty lands, the dirt fetish and the "civilizing mission", sexuality and labor, advertising and commodity racism, the Victorian invention of the idle woman, feminism and racial difference, and anti-apartheid culture in the current transformation of national power. Using feminist, post-colonial, psychoanalytic and socialist theories, Imperial Leather argues that the categories of gender, race and class do not exist in isolation, but emerge in intimate relation to one another. Drawing on diverse cultural forms--novels, advertising, diaries, poetry, oral history, and mass commodity spectacle--the book examines imperialism not only as a poetics of ambivalence, but as a politics of violence. Rejecting traditional binaries of self/other, man/woman, colonizer/colonized, Anne McClintock calls instead for a more informed and complex understanding of catgories of social power and identity. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OurtAAAAMAAJ ID - 477 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McCrossen, Alexis PY - 2007 TI - "Conventions of Simultaneity": Time Standards, Public Clocks, and Nationalism in American Cities and Towns, 1871-1905 SP - 217-253 JF - Journal of Urban History VL - 33 IS - 2 N1 - "Conventions of Simultaneity": Time Standards, Public Clocks, and Nationalism in American Cities and Towns, 1871-1905 M3 - 10.1177/0096144206294738 KW - clock time clocks Simultaneity Standardisation nationalism history Urban communities USA Technology time discipline time management temporal ordering power national time Relevance: 2 time reckoning N2 - This article considers the saturation of American cities and towns with government-sponsored public clocks during the Gilded Age. In doing so, it seeks to establish that while clocks are part of the modern technological landscape of order, discipline, and efficiency, they also constitute another terrain of power: that of the state. The article considers the diffusion of government clocks across the nation and the nationalist symbolism associated with many period government clocks as well as clocks in general. UR - http://juh.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/33/2/217 ID - 478 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McDermott, Sinead PY - 2004 TI - Future-perfect: Gender, nostalgia, and the not yet presented in Marilynne Robinson's Housekeeping SP - 259-270 JF - Journal of Gender Studies VL - 13 IS - 3 N1 - Future-perfect: Gender, nostalgia, and the not yet presented in Marilynne Robinson's Housekeeping KW - feminist theory gender nostalgia literary theory literature the past futurity social change Postmodernism what might have been utopia Critical temporalities past in the future Relevance: 2 politics feminism Mourning temporal conflict women's time time as symbolic resource Utopia absence of future Affect what is not yet N2 - Recent feminist theory has been preoccupied with the politics of taboo emotions such as nostalgia, mourning and regret; emotions that are generally viewed as being in conflict with feminism's desire for future change. This paper seeks to break down the implicit dichotomy between the desire for change and the backward glance through a re-reading of Marilynne Robinson's Housekeeping. Earlier readings of Housekeeping have tended to read the novel as a female quest for the 'not yet presented'. According to Friedman, this plot structure serves to differentiate the novel from 'male texts of postmodernity', with their thematic of nostalgia for the loss of the patriarchal certainties. My paper argues, contra Friedman, that the narrative voice in Housekeeping serves to construct a poetics of nostalgic mourning, but one that longs for what might have been rather than what was. Through this re-reading of Housekeeping, the paper argues for the necessity of re-evaluating the concept of nostalgia for feminist and left discourses. It concludes by suggesting that nostalgic longings (by acting as reminders of what might have been) may actually provide an impetus for future change; as such they offer a means of recuperating the utopian impulse that feminism currently mourns. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0958923042000287876 ID - 479 ER - TY - BOOK AU - McGrath, Joseph E. AU - Kelly, Janice R. PY - 1986 BT - Time and Human Interaction: toward a social psychology of time CY - New York PB - Guilford Press N1 - Time and Human Interaction: toward a social psychology of time KW - psychology Method: dynamic rather than static Methodology philosophy biology Relevance: 2 time use experiential time social psychology conceptions of time time as symbolic resource Social coordination time as missing element temporality of academic work Biological time organisational temporalities timelessness entrainment time scarcity N2 - Time concepts and expressions permeate our language and thought, our perceptions, and our arrangements with others. Yet, despite their pervasiveness, until recently social psychology has been, as the authors of "Time and Human Interaction" put it, virtually "timeless." Neither the temporal assumptions implicit in the psychologist's observations, theories, and measurements, nor the effects of cultural conceptions of time or social interactions, have received more than scant attention. In this ambitious new work, Joseph McGrath and Janice Kelly explore the reasons for this neglect, lay bare some of the assumptions about time underlying current research, and map out three broad areas of concern to psychology: the effects of temporal factors, such as time pressure, on behavior; the influence of social and psychological factors on the temporal patterning of behavior, on individual experiences, and uses of time; and finally, the temporal features of research methodology. Woven from such diverse sources as the philosophy of time, psychological analyses of time judgements, biological studies of entrainment, and social psychological investigations of effects of time limits and work shifts, this volume offers a unique synthesis of conceptual, methodological, and substantive issues in the social psychology of time. Problems long ignored because of their complexity are presented clearly and compellingly, making this an important book for students of business and organizational dynamics as well as social psychologists and advanced students interested in time, group processes, and research methodology. UR - http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1986-98714-000 ID - 864 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McGrath, Joseph E. AU - Kelly, Janice R. PY - 1992 TI - Temporal Context and Temporal Patterning SP - 399-420 JF - Time & Society VL - 1 IS - 3 N1 - Temporal Context and Temporal Patterning N1 - 10.1177/0961463X92001003005 KW - time as context social psychology Psychology time as missing element critique of discipline Methodology conceptions of time Relevance: 3 N2 - Temporal factors are pervasive in social psychological phenomena, both as features of the temporal context within which social-psychological processes are embedded and as features of the patterning of those behavioral processes themselves. Yet temporal issues have not been given very much attention in current mainstream social psychology. This paper is an attempt to lay out some concepts and terms that may be useful for conceptualizing social psychology within a perspective that gives more attention to such temporal factors. It deals with temporal issues in conceptual substantive and methodological domains. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/1/3/399 ID - 778 ER - TY - BOOK AU - McKinney, Michael L. AU - Drake, James A. PY - 1998 TI - Biodiversity dynamics: turnover of populations, taxa, and communities CY - New York PB - Columbia University Press N1 - Biodiversity dynamics: turnover of populations, taxa, and communities SN - 00129658 N1 - JSTOR KW - ecology ecological communities extinctions change over time more-than-human communities Deep time biology Methodology knowledge production continuity over time community stability Relevance: 3 N2 - How will patterns of human interaction with the earth's eco-system impact on biodiversity loss over the long term - not in the next ten or even 50 years, but on the vast temporal scale dealt with by earth scientist? This text brings together data from population biology, community ecology, comparative biology and paleontology. It starts with an overview of the concept of biodiversity dynamics, explaining why turnover needs to be addressed in terms of scales of time and space and why it is so important to look at speciation and extinction together, as independent processes. This work is divided into two parts, the first exploring turnover at the species level and the second investigating larger-scale community and ecosystem turnover. Part one has such topics as the relationship of geographic range to diversification and extinction rates, the phylogenetic constraints on evolution of various traits, and the evolution of complexity. In part two, papers focus on subjects such as how fine and course-scale observation of ecosystems often yield widely disparate results, the question of diversity equilibrium over the ages and how evolutionary turnover is crucial to understanding the origins of biodiversity. review available here: http://www.jstor.org/stable/177264 UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=_sXy9IEtRdIC ID - 84 ER - TY - BOOK AU - McLeod, Julie AU - Thomson, Rachel PY - 2009 BT - Researching Social Change: Qualitative Approaches CY - London PB - Sage N1 - Researching Social Change: Qualitative Approaches N1 - Recommendation KW - method: qualitative method: dynamic rather than static methodology sociology method: oral history method: longitudinal analysis method: ethnography method: re-studies Method: life histories Social Change Change over time Relevance: 3 Temporality of academic work Memory N2 - This book provides a timely guide to qualitative methodologies that investigate processes of personal, generational, and historical change. The authors showcase a range of methods that explore temporality and the dynamic relations between past, present, and future. Through case studies, they review six methodological traditions: memory work, oral/life history, qualitative longitudinal research, ethnography, inter-generational and follow-up studies. It illustrates how these research approaches are translated into research projects and considers the practical as well as the theoretical and ethical challenges they pose. Research methods are also the product of times and places, and this book keeps to the fore the cultural and historical context in which these methods developed, the theoretical traditions on which they draw, and the empirical questions they address. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=8EJJo2hQDtkC ID - 247 ER - TY - BOOK AU - McNeill, William PY - 1997 BT - Keeping Together in Time: Dance and Drill in Human History CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Harvard University Press N1 - Keeping Together in Time: Dance and Drill in Human History KW - History dance rhythms Repetition Social coordination embodiment Affect Relevance: 1 entrainment Solidarity N2 - Could something as simple and seemingly natural as falling into step have marked us for evolutionary success? In Keeping Together in Time one of the most widely read and respected historians in America pursues the possibility that coordinated rhythmic movement--and the shared feelings it evokes--has been a powerful force in holding human groups together. As he has done for historical phenomena as diverse as warfare, plague, and the pursuit of power, William H. McNeill brings a dazzling breadth and depth of knowledge to his study of dance and drill in human history. From the records of distant and ancient peoples to the latest findings of the life sciences, he discovers evidence that rhythmic movement has played a profound role in creating and sustaining human communities. The behavior of chimpanzees, festival village dances, the close-order drill of early modern Europe, the ecstatic dance-trances of shamans and dervishes, the goose-stepping Nazi formations, the morning exercises of factory workers in Japan--all these and many more figure in the bold picture McNeill draws. A sense of community is the key, and shared movement, whether dance or military drill, is its mainspring. McNeill focuses on the visceral and emotional sensations such movement arouses, particularly the euphoric fellow-feeling he calls "muscular bonding." These sensations, he suggests, endow groups with a capacity for cooperation, which in turn improves their chance of survival. A tour de force of imagination and scholarship, Keeping Together in Time reveals the muscular, rhythmic dimension of human solidarity. Its lessons will serve us well as we contemplate the future of the human community and of our various local communities. UR - http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?recid=26341&content=book ID - 2058 ER - TY - BOOK AU - McNeill, William PY - 2006 BT - The time of life: Heidegger and ēthos CY - Albany PB - State University of New York Press N1 - The time of life: Heidegger and ēthos N1 - S 193/HEI/C-90 KW - Heidegger ethics Phenomenology Philosophy action Perception of time relevance: 3 Aristotle foucault origin stories Continental Philosophy N2 - The Time of Life explores Heidegger's rethinking of ethics and of the ethical in terms of an understanding of the original Greek notion of ethos. Engaging the ethical in Heidegger's thought in relation to Aristotle, Michel Foucault, and Friedrich Holderlin, William McNeill examines the way in which Heidegger's thought shifts our understanding of ethics away from a set of theoretically constructed norms, principles, or rules governing practice toward an understanding of the ethical as our concrete way of Being in the world. Chapter One. The Phenomenon of Life: Human, Animal, and World in Heidegger's 1929- 30 Freiburg Lectures The Soul, Unity of the Body The Organism and its Organs The Animal as Other The Being of the Animal: Organism and Environment The Phenomenon of World The Time of Life: Self and World Chapter Two. Care for the Self: Originary Ethics in Heidegger and Foucault Heidegger: Selfhood and the Finitude of Time Foucault: Ethos and the Practice of Freedom Care for the Self and the Task of Philosophizing Chapter Three. Apportioning the Moment: Time and Ethos in Heidegger's Reading of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and Rhetoric Koinonia: Ethos and Community Time and Ethical Virtue Chapter Four. The Time of Action: From Phenomenology of Praxis to the Historicality of Being The Moment as the Site of Human Action: Heidegger's Reading of Aristotle and the Phenomenology of Dasein The Moment as the Time of Ereignis: From Phenomenology to the History of Being Chapter Five. Historical Beginnings: Moment and Rupture in Heidegger's Work of the 1930s Ethos and Concealment: The Power of Beginnings History and Origin: The Irruption of Worlds Chapter Six. Ethos and Poetic Dwelling: Inaugural Time in Heidegger's Dialogue with Hölderlin Temporality, Attunement, and the Phenomenology of World Inaugural Time in Hölderlin's Poetizing Is There a Measure on Earth? Poetizing and Human Ethos The Eclipse of Experience: Exposure and Dwelling in Greek Tragedy The Festival Chapter Seven. The Telling of ?thos: Heidegger, Aristotle, Sophocles A "Scarcely Pondered Word": Aristotle's Testimony The?ria and Tragedy: Aristotle's Poetics The?ria and Katharsis "The Purest Poem": Heidegger's Antigone UR - http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=A0wTWUhs1GYC ID - 480 ER - TY - JOUR AU - McTaggart, J. Ellis PY - 1908 TI - The Unreality of Time SP - 457-474 JF - Mind (New Series) VL - 17 IS - 68 N1 - The Unreality of Time KW - philosophy Relevance: 3 conceptions of time McTaggart N2 - IT doubtless seems highly paradoxical to assert that Time is unreal, and that all statements which involve its reality are erroneous. Such an assertion involves a far greater departure from the natural position of mankind than is involved in the assertion of the unreality of Space or of the unreality of Matter. So decisive a breach with that natural position is not to be lightly accepted. And yet in all ages the belief in the unreality of time has proved singularly attractive. In the philosophy and religion of the East we find that this doctrine is of cardinal importance. And in the West, where philosophy and religion are less closely connected, we find that the same doctrine continually recurs, both among philosophers and among theologians. Theology never holds itself apart from mysticism for any long period, and almost all mysticism denies the reality of time. In philosophy, again, time is treated as unreal by Spinoza, by Kant, by Hegel, and by Schopenhauer. In the philosophy of the present day the two most important movements (excluding those which are as yet merely critical) are those which look to Hegel and to Mr. Bradley. And both of these schools deny the reality of time. Such a concurrence of opinion cannot be denied to be highly significant—and is not the less significant because the doctrine takes such different forms, and is supported by such different arguments. I believe that time is unreal. But I do so for reasons which are not, I think, employed by any of the philosophers whom I have mentioned, and I propose to explain my reasons, in this paper. UR - http://mind.oxfordjournals.org/content/XVII/4/457.short ID - 481 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Medina, Angel PY - 1971 TI - Demythologizing History SP - 139-146 JF - Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association VL - 45 N1 - Demythologizing History N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - History shared past Myth philosophy Relevance: 1 N2 - Historical time is only analogical to physical time. History is the organization of the psychical time of a collectivity. the typical form of temporality of a collectivity is the result of the temporal orientation of its parts, the social classes. with the discovery of the relation between history and the temporal bias of social classes, history as a phenomenon is demythicized. The demythologizing of history requires a further hermeneutical step: temporal communal forms must be created by individuals interacting dramatically. In the communal forms of time, the life of people will be spontaneously enacted and interpreted at the same time. UR - not available ID - 171 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Meier, Richard L. PY - 1959 TI - Human Time Allocation: A Basis for Social Accounts SP - 27-34 JF - Journal of the American Institute of Planners VL - 25 IS - 1 SN - 0002-8991 N1 - Human Time Allocation: A Basis for Social Accounts KW - time allocation Planning Urban communities time use values methodology social Change Policy Relevance: 2 N2 - It is possible to develop indices of the richness of life in urban communities. A parallel technique to national income accounting can be used for analyzing the social choices made within a population. It is based upon the ways people spend their time. Improvements in income and social development are accompanied by increases in the amount of time spent in public activity. They are reflected also in an increase in the variety of life. Thus, the cumulative data on time allocations can be used to indicate whether the life of various sections of the population is getting richer, and the effectiveness of programs directed to modifying the social and physical environment can be tested. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/01944365908978295 ID - 656 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Melucci, Alberto PY - 1996 TI - Youth, time and social movements SP - 3-14 JF - Young VL - 4 IS - 2 N1 - Youth, time and social movements N1 - 10.1177/110330889600400202 KW - children/youth activism action Sociology social conflict time as missing element experiential time Relevance: 2 social Change N2 - The emerging trends in youth culture and action have to be understood both from a macro-sociological perspective and through the consideration of individual experiences in everyday life. In this essay I will try to integrate these two levels of analysis and I will argue that 1) conflicts and social movements in complex societies shift from the material to the symbolic; 2) the experience of time is a core issue, a core dilemma; 3) young people, and particularly adolescents, are key actors as regards the issue of time in complex societies. UR - http://you.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/4/2/3 ID - 760 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Melucci, Alberto PY - 1998 TI - Inner Time and Social Time in a World of Uncertainty SP - 179-191 JF - Time & Society VL - 7 IS - 2-3 N1 - Inner Time and Social Time in a World of Uncertainty N1 - 10.1177/0961463X98007002001 KW - individual time experiential time unpredictibility social time Break in time Multiple temporalities temporal conflict organisational temporalities social coordination temporal complexity continuity over time temporal boundaries identity social conflict social Change Relevance: 3 N2 - This article discusses how inner rhythms and social roles can be kept together and how to pass from one to another without breaking the unity and continuity of one's identity. The author first outlines some of the paradoxes that a complex society based on information creates in the experience of time. He then analyses how the opposition of inner rhythms and social rhythms in everyday life leads to new pressures on personal identity and social organization, and considers how to cope with the fragmentation and multiplication of times. The ability to change in the present by preserving the continuity and the boundaries of one's existence is the challenge faced by contemporary individuals, but this new situation makes time a locus of social conflicts, where individual experience transforms itself into a social energy for change. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/2-3/179 ID - 723 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Menzies, Heather PY - 2000 TI - Cyberspace Time and Infertility: Thoughts on social time and the environment SP - 75-89 JF - Time & Society VL - 9 IS - 1 N1 - Cyberspace Time and Infertility: Thoughts on social time and the environment N1 - 10.1177/0961463X00009001005 KW - reproductive time social time environment online communities inclusion/exclusion labour time Asynchrony Rhythms Acceleration of time Technology communication history of changing perceptions of time modernity Postmodernism critical temporalities Memory embodiment Sociology Relevance: 2 face-to-face Reproductive time Methodology The internet N2 - This essay uses a personal experience of infertility as a metaphor for a deepening societal alienation, as work and other social activities are increasingly disembodied from grounded, face-to-face contexts into asynchronous bit-actions, the tempo of which is driven by the lightning speed of global digital communication. A history of modern and even postmodern time and its social-conditioning effects, the discourse on technological change (and attendant objective, disembodying language), and new reproductive technologies are discussed, as are possible ways of recovering a sense of time as experience and human memory, and applying this to a renewed social science of implicated participation. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/1/75 ID - 725 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Merton, Robert PY - 1984 BT - Conflict and Consensus: In Honor of Lewis A. Coser ED - Powell, W. W. ED - Robbins, R. CT - Socially Expected Durations: A Case Study of Concept Formation in Sociology CY - New York PB - Free Press SP - 362-383 N1 - Socially Expected Durations: A Case Study of Concept Formation in Sociology KW - Duration Method: case study Sociology temporal conflict conceptions of time Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FW-2AAAAIAAJ ID - 2025 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Messe, Lawrence A. AU - Buldain, Roger W. AU - Watts, Barbara PY - 1981 TI - Recall of Social Events with the Passage of Time SP - 33-38 JF - Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin VL - 7 IS - 1 N1 - Recall of Social Events with the Passage of Time N1 - 10.1177/014616728171006 KW - Memory social psychology Psychology temporal flow commemorative events identity Families social coordination Relevance: 3 N2 - Husbands and wives were interviewed separately and asked specific questions about social events experienced together in years past, e.g., occasions that they had celebrated and trips that they had taken. These couples, to a reasonable degree, remembered and agreed about events occurring within 12 months of the interview, but their performance deteriorated sharply when the events occurred earlier in time. Findings are discussed in terms of the role that recall (or the lack of it)plays in the distortion of "remembrances of things past." UR - http://psp.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/1/33 ID - 775 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Messinger, Seth D. PY - 2010 TI - Rehabilitating Time: Multiple Temporalities among Military Clinicians and Patients SP - 150-169 N1 - 2011/08/02 JF - Medical Anthropology VL - 29 IS - 2 SN - 0145-9740 N1 - Rehabilitating Time: Multiple Temporalities among Military Clinicians and Patients N1 - doi: 10.1080/01459741003715383 M3 - 10.1080/01459741003715383 KW - Multiple temporalities health care orientation within time Trauma organisational temporalities narrative linear time Assumptions about time obscuring x action temporal flow non-linear time temporal conflict Relevance: 3 anthropology N2 - In this article I explore the different orientations to time experienced by clinicians and patients in the US Armed Forces Amputee Patient Care Program at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington DC. In structuring, describing, and working with patients, clinicians rely on a rehabilitative program that is embedded in a narrative notion of time. This approach seeks to embed the grievous wounds patients have sustained along a trajectory of injured to well. Patients are often eager to adopt this approach to their injury but in many cases find that the linear flow of time, upon which this clinical approach relies, is not matched by their experience. Instead the past, the present, and the future can flow together so that patients are simultaneously experiencing these three time orientations. This can create the potential for misunderstanding and conflict between clinicians over adherence and the meaning of a good rehabilitative outcome. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459741003715383 ID - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mester, Béla PY - 2010 TI - I. Cultural images : Time and space: A comparative historiography of the Hungarian and Slovakian national philosophies: A central European case SP - 6-14 JF - LIMES: Cultural Regionalistics VL - 3 IS - 1 SN - 2029-0187 N1 - I. Cultural images : Time and space: A comparative historiography of the Hungarian and Slovakian national philosophies: A central European case KW - historiography Europe nationalism Philosophy identity epochalism Relevance: 3 Method: comparative analysis Kant Hegel N2 - The paper analyses a well-known phenomenon, that of the 19th century Central European so-called “national philosophies”. However, the philosophical heritages of the Central European countries have their roles in the national identities; historians of philosophy in these countries know; our philosophies have common institutional roots with our neighbours. The paper deadlines paradigmatic problems from the Hungarian and Slovakian philosophy: the Latin language in philosophy, the different role of Kantianism and Hegelianism in the national cultures, and the problems of canonisation. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.3846/limes.2010.01 ID - 633 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Miami Theory Collective PY - 1991 TI - Community at Loose Ends CY - Minneapolis PB - University of Minnesota Press N1 - Community at Loose Ends KW - Jean-Luc Nancy history identity literature activism non-homogeneous community Shared present homogenising present Relevance: 3 N2 - Community at Loose Ends was first published in 1991. In the face of urgent contemporary appeal for a new sense of community, discussions in the West are marked by a demonstrable paucity of fresh ways to theorize the issue. Taking their cue from all-but-universal use of the term "community" as an unquestioned value, the contributors to Community at Loose Ends rethink what is meant by community when both the New Left and the New Right claim for themselves the enthusiastic appeal the notion still garners. This volume takes as its point of departure the issues discussed in Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's Hegemony and Socialist Strategy and Jean-Luc Nancy's The Inoperative Community. These issues include subjectivity, history, the significance of literature, and the constitution of political action. The volume explores "community" as a concept whose presupposition of an immanent unity is challenged by the poststructuralist respect for difference and the demands of a host of social movements (feminism, gay and lesbian rights, ecological activism, and civil rights). Any revitalized notion of community will therefore have to be articulated with these and other political realities and ethical demands that require not only collective involvement but also a fundamental rethinking of what it means to "be together." UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=gGnnooq7f5QC ID - 605 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Michaud, Eric AU - Fox, Christopher PY - 1993 TI - National Socialist Architecture as an Acceleration of Time SP - 220-233 JF - Critical Inquiry VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 00931896 N1 - National Socialist Architecture as an Acceleration of Time KW - Past in the present political time Germany time as tool for political legitimation art Architecture Relevance: 2 Acceleration of time time as symbolic resource N2 - Discusses use of temporal metaphors within National Socialism UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1343874 ID - 583 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Michelson, William PY - 2006 BT - Time Use: Expanding the Explanatory Power of the Social Sciences CY - Boulder, CO PB - Paradigm Publishers N1 - Time Use: Expanding the Explanatory Power of the Social Sciences KW - time use methodology sociology gender reproductive time inclusion/exclusion method: time-use data Relevance: 3 time as missing element N2 - Many researchers have studied people's everyday use of time. National and international agencies increasingly collect and analyze time-use data. Yet this perspective and its techniques remain a black box to most social science researchers and applied practitioners, and the potential of time-use data to expand explanation in the social sciences is not fully recognized by even most time-use researchers. Sociologist William Michelson's unique book places the study of time-use data in perspective, demystifies its collection and analytic options, and carefully examines the potential of time-use analysis for a wide range of benefits to the social sciences. These include the sampling of otherwise socially "hidden" groups, bridging the gap between qualitative and quantitative phenomena, gender studies, family dynamics, multitasking, social networks, built environments, and risk exposure. UR - http://www.paradigmpublishers.com/books/BookDetail.aspx?productID=129532 ID - 780 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Middleton, Jennie N1 - 22nd - 27th March PY - 2009 TI - “Time is the ultimate resource” : time, everyday life and skills for sustainable communities T3 - Association of American Geographers Annual Conference CY - Las Vegas, USA KW - Environment Sustainability Urban communities time scarcity Relevance: 1 communities in crisis time use time as resource AB - Not available UR - not available N1 - ESRC research database ID - 216 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Middleton, J. PY - 2009 TI - 'Stepping in time': walking, time, and space in the city SP - 1943-1961 JF - Environment and Planning A VL - 41 IS - 8 N1 - 'Stepping in time': walking, time, and space in the city KW - time and space cities transport technologies time management Acceleration of time Deceleration of time linear time clock time critical temporalities multiple temporalities temporal complexity method: Interviews method: time diaries Urban communities waiting time as resource embodiment identity Rhythms Relevance: 2 policy N2 - There is a well-documented emphasis within transport policy on speed and efficiency, with the benefits of transport schemes frequently assessed in these terms. The focus on reducing journey times is also evident in pedestrian policy, with the 'time-saving' attributes of walking often promoted. However, this emphasis on speed within the transport policy arena reflects linear understandings of time as nothing more than 'clock time' passing. In contrast, this paper explores the multiple forms of temporality and spatiality that emerge out of and shape urban pedestrian movement. The discussion draws upon in-depth interview and diary data from fieldwork undertaken in London, and in so doing provides a 'timely' empirical engagement with theoretical understandings of time and space. Within this examination of the multiple temporalities of urban walking, it is suggested that people become aware of the experiential dimensions of time when they are made to wait. The paper moves on to explore the issues of physical mobility difficulties in the context of highlighting the multiple spatialities of walking, and attention is also drawn to how people use temporal and spatial concerns to frame their identities as to who they are in relation to others. It is suggested that notions of rhythm provide a productive means for engaging with how time, space, and identity interrelate as people walk. UR - http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a41170 ID - 1033 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Milfont, Taciano L. AU - Gouveia, Valdiney V. PY - 2006 TI - Time perspective and values: An exploratory study of their relations to environmental attitudes SP - 72-82 JF - Journal of Environmental Psychology VL - 26 IS - 1 SN - 0272-4944 N1 - Time perspective and values: An exploratory study of their relations to environmental attitudes N1 - doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2006.03.001 KW - Time perspective Values environment Sustainability Social conflict Temporal conflict psychology open future future orientation Short-term perspectives long-term perspectives Relevance: 3 N2 - This paper examines the relationship between time perspective (TP), values and environmental attitudes in a sample of 247 undergraduate students based on an expanded social dilemma framework. Zimbardo and Boyd's [(1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271-1288] five TP dimensions (i.e., past-negative, present-hedonistic, future, past-positive, and present-fatalistic), the extended Schwartz's [(1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19-45] value clusters (i.e., self-enhancement, openness to change, conservation-traditional, biospheric, and altruistic), and both environmental preservation and environmental utilization attitudes [Milfont & Duckitt, (2004). The structure of environmental attitudes: A first- and second-order confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 24, 289-303] were considered. In line with predictions, environmental preservation and environmental utilization were weakly negatively correlated. Furthermore, environmental preservation was positively correlated with future, biospheric, and altruistic. Environmental utilization, on the other hand, was positively correlated with self-enhancement, and negatively correlated with future and biospheric. More notably, both TP and values accounted for significant nonoverlapping variance in environmental attitudes. The findings support the expanded social dilemma framework in which environmental issues represent a social conflict (individual vs. collective interests) as well as a temporal conflict (short- vs. long-term interests). UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272494406000193 ID - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miller, Donald F. PY - 1993 TI - Political Time: The Problem of Timing and Chance SP - 179-197 JF - Time & Society VL - 2 IS - 2 N1 - Political Time: The Problem of Timing and Chance N1 - 10.1177/0961463X93002002003 KW - political time politics timing Unpredictibility events chronos/kairos psychology action Agency Relevance: 2 Untimely N2 - Political time is the timing of our affairs; the union of an event with its time and place; the particular context of our actions, each one seemingly unique. To cope with chance; to grab an opportunity or to be thrown by the unexpected. Some events are timely, others untimely: the physiology and psychology of timing. The implications of this for our behaviour cast a novel light on certain necessary qualities of our politics—in its broadest setting. Yet, how determined is a chance timing? Do we need a new human science somewhere between the conventional mathesis universalis and a mathesis singularis (Barthes)? UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/2/2/179.abstract ID - 870 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Miller, H. J. PY - 2005 TI - Necessary space - time conditions for human interaction SP - 381-401 JF - Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design VL - 32 IS - 3 N1 - Necessary space - time conditions for human interaction KW - time and space Planning Transport technologies cities Methodology Technology time-geography Geography Trajectories Relevance: 3 N2 - Key scientific and application questions concern the relationships between individual-level activities and their effects on broader human phenomena, such as transportation systems and cities. Continuing advances in geographic information science, location-aware technologies, and geosimulation methods offer great potential for observational and simulation studies of human activities at high levels of spatiotemporal resolution. The author contributes by developing rigorous statements of the necessary space - time conditions for human interaction by extending a measurement theory for time geography. The extended measurement theory identifies necessary conditions both for physical and for virtual interaction. The theory suggests elegant and tractable solutions that can be derived from data available from location-aware technologies or geosimulation methods. These conditions and their solutions could be used to infer the possibilities for human interaction from detailed space - time trajectories and prisms generated from observation or simulation studies. UR - http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=b31154 ID - 2034 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mills, Melinda PY - 2000 TI - Providing Space for Time SP - 91-127 JF - Time & Society VL - 9 IS - 1 N1 - Providing Space for Time N1 - 10.1177/0961463X00009001006 KW - time and space life course Method: quantitative methodology social time Scheduling organisational temporalities time perspective Perception of time Memory Relevance: 2 time as missing element calendars conceptions of time Assumptions about time obscuring x temporality of academic work epistemology N2 - The article alerts those in the field of quantitative life course research to the ontological impact of different forms of temporality. The first section reviews the influence of cosmic cycles, human development, historical, cultural, social and institutional forms of temporality on life course behaviour. Two central themes arise. Institutional calendars shape our everyday lives, and seemingly innocent calendars may influence behaviour. Furthermore, behavioural affects from cosmic and biological time are increasingly colonized by social constructions of temporality. The second section outlines how ontological perceptions of time shape the epistemological approach. The discussion separates temporal effects from what is an artefact of data, methods and methodology. Timing and method of data collection, memory, and self-registration influence results. The author suggests reflexivity, new interpretations of memory, and blending of methods and sources to improve research. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/9/1/91.abstract ID - 563 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Minnegal, Monica AU - King, Tanya J. AU - Just, Roger AU - Dwyer, Peter D. PY - 2003 TI - Deep Identity, Shallow Time: Sustaining a Future in Victorian Fishing Communities SP - 53-71 JF - The Australian Journal of Anthropology VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1757-6547 N1 - Deep Identity, Shallow Time: Sustaining a Future in Victorian Fishing Communities M3 - 10.1111/j.1835-9310.2003.tb00220.x KW - Australia Anthropology deep time Futurity food coastal communities environment Sustainability Absence of future Modernization globalisation Tradition continuity over time Generations place imagined pasts identity time as tool for managing percieved threats time as symbolic resource Relevance: 2 Agriculture N2 - Like commercial fishers everywhere, it seems, those living in coastal communities of Victoria perceive themselves to be under threat from recreational fishers, environmentalists, imposed management regimes, and modernisation and globalisation of the industry. In responding to these threats they appeal to conventional props of tradition—to continuity in genealogical time, affiliation with place and specialised knowledge and practice. This seems paradoxical, given that most established fishers in Victoria are first or second generation members of an industry that, through its 150-year history, has been characterised by innovation and mobility. That paradox, we argue, is more apparent than real. Fisher identity is grounded primarily in engagement with an environment that is not familiar to outsiders. The paradox arises because fishers, like others who seek to sustain a future in the face of threat from outsiders, reshape strongly felt identity as tradition. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-9310.2003.tb00220.x ID - 846 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mische, Ann PY - 2009 TI - Projects and Possibilities: Researching Futures in Action SP - 694-704 JF - Sociological Forum VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 1573-7861 N1 - Projects and Possibilities: Researching Futures in Action M3 - 10.1111/j.1573-7861.2009.01127.x KW - action the future sociology open future Shared future social change Relevance: 2 time as symbolic resource hope organisational temporalities imagined futures Social structure time as missing element critique of discipline Methodology future orientation N2 - How can we understand the social impact of cognitions of a projected future, taking into account both the institutional determinants of hopes and their personal inventiveness? How can we document the repercussions, often contrary to intentions, “back from” such projected futures to the production and transformation of social structures? These are some of the questions to be addressed by a cultural sociology that attempts to look seriously at the effects of a projected future as a dynamic force undergirding social change. In this essay I discuss some of the reasons why the analysis of the future has been so neglected in sociological theory and research, and then sketch a possible framework for reincorporating it that specifies some of the cognitive dimensions of projectivity. In the process, I will show how a focus on future projections can help us make a link between cognition and action in a manner that has so far been neglected in the sociological literature. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2009.01127.x ID - 482 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mogilner, Cassie PY - 2010 TI - The Pursuit of Happiness SP - 1348-1354 JF - Psychological Science VL - 21 IS - 9 N1 - The Pursuit of Happiness N1 - 10.1177/0956797610380696 KW - Affect Goals psychology time as symbolic resource Families leisure time labour time economics Relevance: 3 N2 - Does thinking about time, rather than money, influence how effectively individuals pursue personal happiness? Laboratory and field experiments revealed that implicitly activating the construct of time motivates individuals to spend more time with friends and family and less time working—behaviors that are associated with greater happiness. In contrast, implicitly activating money motivates individuals to work more and socialize less, which (although productive) does not increase happiness. Implications for the relative roles of time versus money in the pursuit of happiness are discussed. UR - http://pss.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/21/9/1348 ID - 738 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Molchanov, Victor PY - 1990 BT - The Moral Sense and Its Foundational Significance: Self, Person, Historicity, Community (Analecta Husserliana, XXXI) ED - Tymieniecka, Anna-Teresa CT - Time, Truth, and Culture in Husserl and Hegel PB - Springer SP - 433-444 N1 - Time, Truth, and Culture in Husserl and Hegel N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Philosophy Continental Philosophy Hegel Husserl Relevance: unknown phenomenology knowledge N2 - not available UR - http://www.springer.com/philosophy/philosophical+traditions/book/978-0-7923-0678-8 ID - 151 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Molseed, Mari J. PY - 1987 TI - The Problem of Temporality in the Work of Georg Simmel SP - 357-366 JF - The Sociological Quarterly VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 00380253 N1 - The Problem of Temporality in the Work of Georg Simmel N1 - Course outline - A Mische KW - Simmel sociology Knowledge methodology Relevance: 2 time as missing element epistemology evolution social time N2 - While Georg Simmel's work is predominantly recognized as contributing to the formal analysis of social interaction and temporality is an issue not conceived of as a feature of his work, formal analysis is not incompatible with a temporal approach to the study of social life. This article discusses issues of temporality as they appeared in the work of Georg Simmel by first presenting some general comments about his work and its status within the discipline, as well as some problems present in his writings that contribute to confusion regarding his views on temporality as well as formal sociology itself. Next, his views on temporality as they relate to his dualistic perspective are discussed. This is followed by a discussion of his evolutionary epistemology, which is also relevant to the issue of temporality in his work. In conclusion, the ways in which Simmel's view of temporality could enhance current sociological inquiry are discussed. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4120648 ID - 483 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moore, David Chioni PY - 2001 TI - Is the Post- in Postcolonial the Post- in Post-Soviet? Toward a Global Postcolonial Critique SP - 111-128 JF - PMLA VL - 116 IS - 1 SN - 00308129 N1 - Is the Post- in Postcolonial the Post- in Post-Soviet? Toward a Global Postcolonial Critique KW - Russia Soviet Union Postcolonialism temporal distancing Coevalness Multiculturalism Relevance: 3 inclusion/exclusion method: comparative analysis critique of discipline western imperialism N2 - The enormous twenty-seven-nation post-Soviet sphere-including the former Soviet republics and the former "East Bloc" states-is virtually never discussed in the burgeoning discourse of postcolonial studies. Yet Russia and the successor Soviet Union exercised colonial control over the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Baltics, and Central and Eastern Europe for anywhere from fifty to two hundred years. The present essay interrogates the possible postcoloniality of the post-Soviet sphere, including Russia. The investigation is complicated by Russia's seeming Eurasian status and its history of perceived cultural inferiority to the West. A broad range of theoretical, historical, cultural, and geographic positions are examined, and figures such as Curzon, Conrad, Lermontov, and Shohat are addressed. In conclusion the essay argues against the current occidentocentric privileging of Western European colonization as the standard and proposes a fully global postcolonial critique. Overall, it critiques both too narrow post-Soviet studies and too parochial, too Anglo-Franco-focused postcolonial studies. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/463645 ID - 260 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Moore, Wilbert E. PY - 1963 BT - Man, time and society CY - New York PB - Wiley N1 - Man, time and society KW - Philosophy sociology social time Method: comparative analysis temporal ordering synchronicity Simultaneity sequence time scarcity short-term perspectives long-term perspectives organisational temporalities Relevance: 2 method: dynamic rather than static families Volunteering cities national time economics coordinating between different times events N2 - Not available... From book review http://www.jstor.org/stable/2023720 The purpose of Moore's book is to offer a survey of the ways in which time figures in social life, for the most part in advanced industrial societies though with an occasional comparative look at societies of different kinds. Early in the book, after an assertion to the effect that time is "intrinsically dynamic," Moore presents three elements of temporal ordering in terms of which much of the discussion is carried out. These are "synchronization," or the element of simultaneous and intermeshing action by a number of people whose actions are relevant to the accomplishment of what is at issue; "sequence," or recognition of the prescribed order of a course of events; and "rate," or the frequency of events in a given period of time (8). With these, and the idea of time as scarce or plentiful, he offers accounts of time in the ordering of the lives of individuals; in the structuring and working of various kinds of organizations such as families, administrative organizations of varying kinds, and voluntary organizations; and in the functioning of such large-scale social systems as entire cities, states, and economies. The ways in which short and long-term perspec-tives affect the workings of each of these institutional agencies of social life are discussed, as well as the factors that contribute both to the scarcity of time and to the strains and stresses such scarcity may evoke (ef. pp. 18 ff., 22, 71, 77 and 106). But although altogether the books seems to offer a sound account of what its author professes to deal with, and though surely anyone who wanted to understand-I suppose philosophically-the nature of social time might have to take these things into account, the book itself is geared toward descriptive presentation and not theoretical speculation. There are passing remarks of a philosophical or seemingly philosophical character-such as the suggestion that the passage of time is not itself a causal factor (50) or that time is a "continuous variable " (90), which may suggest that Moore sub-scribes or should subscribe to a realistic conception of time-but these are never examined. This is not to be taken as adversely critical of the book, its author being a sociologist engaged in a piece of sociological writing, but is intended as information for readers of this journal. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=xIFqAAAAMAAJ ID - 669 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Morgan, Dawn PY - 1996 TI - Andrew Suknaski's "Wood Mountain Time" and the Chronotope of Multiculturalism JF - Mosaic VL - 29 IS - 3 N1 - Andrew Suknaski's "Wood Mountain Time" and the Chronotope of Multiculturalism KW - chronotopes Multiculturalism literary theory Bakhtin time as symbolic resource social time literature history subjectivity communication knowledge historical time time and space relevance: 2 N2 - Not avialable - from the text: My concern here, however, is not to take up these specific debates but rather to show how Suknaski's poetry puts pressure on established literary conventions and raises questions about how they come into being in the first place. Drawing on Mikhail Bakhtin's theories about how literary conventions and genres arise from social realities and relations, I wish to demonstrate the way that Suknaski's Wood Mountain texts function to articulate -- in both senses of enunciating and joining together -- history as lived, language as uttered, and identity as posited. The advantage that such a text/world approach to multiculturalism has over those which stress economic, legal and political events and determinants lies in the way that it engages the interplay of a wide range and various kinds of subjectivities and shows how the subjects of multiculturalism come to know themselves and become known through language. The gateway between literature and the world in which it is produced is most thoroughly theorized by Bakhtin in terms of the chronotope, "the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships that are artistically expressed in literature" ("Forms" 84). As the key to Bakhtin's "historical poetics," the chronotope enables him to posit text and world as relational rather than oppositional conditions, differing in degree but not in essence. Katerina Clark and Michael Holquist point out that the chronotope in Bakhtin's thought is a "bridge, not a wall" between actual and represented worlds (279). Within this context, genres are defined only strategically as a set of categories for classifying literature. More importantly, they function as spheres of language usage that are tied to and arise from historical time and geographical and social space. UR - http://umanitoba.ca/publications/mosaic/issues/getissue.php?vol=29&no=3 ID - 2046 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Morgan, D.H.J. PY - 2003 BT - Social Relations and the Life Course: Age Generation and Social Change ED - Allan, Graham ED - Jones, Gill CT - How Brief an Encounter? Time and Relationships, Pure or Otherwise CY - Basingstoke, Hants, UK PB - Palgrave Macmillan T3 - Explorations in Sociology. British Sociological Association Conference SP - 199-213 N1 - How Brief an Encounter? Time and Relationships, Pure or Otherwise KW - Duration Relationality Sociology life course generations social change Relevance: unknown children/youth families N2 - not available for chapter. abstract for the collection: This collection of essays represents some of the most important recent research into changing patterns of family, household and community life. As well examining the experiences of childhood and parenting, it analyses the changing circumstances of young people as they develop their own family and household trajectories, ones which are markedly different to those typically followed by their parents. In addition, the book includes chapters concerned with adaption to other types of change in domestic and community living, including relocation and retirement. Bringing together some of the leading sociologists in the field to explore how these informal social relationships change over time and the life course, it will be essential reading on courses concerned with the family and youth sociology. UR - http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=265179 ID - 1037 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moshe, Mira PY - 2009 TI - Temporary versus Permanent: Time framing in the Israeli political arena SP - 154-171 N1 - Mar JF - Time & Society VL - 18 IS - 1 SN - 0961-463X N1 - Temporary versus Permanent: Time framing in the Israeli political arena AN - ISI:000264355900008 M3 - 10.1177/0961463x08099944 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - israel nationalism national time continuity over time political time action time as tool for political legitimation permanence community stability social Change Unpredictibility relevance: 2 Middle East N2 - This article juxtaposes 'temporary' versus 'permanent' based on a study of the Israeli Prime Minister's 'permanent incapacity' (the result of illness) and of the President's 'temporary incapacity' (the result of a police investigation). Analysis indicates that: a) temporal maps are mainly framed by focusing on 'temporary' states; b) the temporal structure of 'temporary' is associated simultaneously with a sense of stability and with a search for change and transition; c) the temporal structure of 'permanent' is linked both to uncertainty and confusion and to the maintenance of continuity. It seems that the inherent tension between 'temporary' and 'permanent' is challenged by the notion of risk and the rise of 'second modernity'. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/18/1/154.short ID - 50 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moshenska, G. PY - 2007 TI - Oral history in historical archaeology: excavating sites of memory SP - 91-97 JF - Oral History VL - 35 IS - 1 N1 - Oral history in historical archaeology: excavating sites of memory KW - method: oral history Archaeology Memory Methodology communication community archaeology U.K. England Materiality Relevance: 2 N2 - The use of oral history as a source in recent historical archaeology is a growing phenomenon. In this paper I advocate a site-based approach to this interdisciplinary work, combining archaeological, historical and memory work on a specific location to create and foster a public discourse of memory. This draws on the popular interest in archaeological work to form a nexus or meeting place for the expression, collection and communication of memory. An experiment to test this theory was carried out on a large community archaeology project on a Blitz site in East London. The results were successful, with stories and memories being volunteered by visitors to the site rather than being actively sought out. UR - http://www.ohs.org.uk/journals/journal_indexes/35A1.php ID - 958 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Moss, Dorothy PY - 2010 TI - Memory, space and time: Researching children’s lives SP - 530-544 JF - Childhood VL - 17 IS - 4 N1 - Memory, space and time: Researching children’s lives N1 - 10.1177/0907568209345611 KW - Memory time and space methodology Method: qualitative Sociology social Change temporal complexity life course Families past in the present coordinating between different times Relevance: 2 children/youth N2 - This article discusses the research approach in ‘Pathways through Childhood’, a small qualitative study drawing on memories of childhood. The research explores how wider social arrangements and social change influence children’s everyday lives.The article discusses the way that the concepts of social memory, space and time have been drawn on to access and analyse children’s experiences, arguing that attention to the temporal and spatial complexity of childhood reveals less visible yet formative influences and connections. Children’s everyday engagements involve connections between past and present time, between children, families, communities and nations, and between different places. Children carve out space and time for themselves from these complex relations. UR - http://chd.sagepub.com/content/17/4/530.abstract ID - 966 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mucha, P. J. AU - Richardson, T. AU - Macon, K. AU - Porter, M. A. AU - Onnela, J. P. PY - 2010 TI - Community Structure in Time-Dependent, Multiscale, and Multiplex Networks SP - 876-878 JF - Science VL - 328 IS - 5980 SN - 0036-8075 N1 - Community Structure in Time-Dependent, Multiscale, and Multiplex Networks AN - WOS:000277618800043 M3 - 10.1126/science.1184819 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Method: dynamic rather than static Method: quantitative networks Methodology social structure change over time Relevance: 3 N2 - Network science is an interdisciplinary endeavor, with methods and applications drawn from across the natural, social, and information sciences. A prominent problem in network science is the algorithmic detection of tightly connected groups of nodes known as communities. We developed a generalized framework of network quality functions that allowed us to study the community structure of arbitrary multislice networks, which are combinations of individual networks coupled through links that connect each node in one network slice to itself in other slices. This framework allows studies of community structure in a general setting encompassing networks that evolve over time, have multiple types of links (multiplexity), and have multiple scales. Instead of detecting communities in one static network at a time, our formulation generalizing the Laplacian dynamics approach of (13) permits the simultaneous quality-function study of community structure across multiple times, multiple resolution parameter values, and multiple types of links. UR - http://www.sciencemag.org/content/328/5980/876.full ID - 5 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Muecke, Stephen PY - 2004 BT - Ancient and Modern: Time, Culture and Indigenous Philosophy CY - Sydney PB - UNSW Press N1 - Ancient and Modern: Time, Culture and Indigenous Philosophy KW - Philosophy history Temporal distancing Coevalness shared past Relevance: 2 indigenous peoples temporal distancing knowledge inclusion/exclusion indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Australia asynchrony assumptions about time obscuring x N2 - How might we think and talk about indigenous philosophy? Why has Aboriginal knowledge not been given the status of philosophical knowledge, but treated by whites rather as culture or history? There is a quarrel about whose antiquity is at the foundation of Australian culture, and why contemporary forms of Aboriginality are marginal to Australia’s modernity. These are the starting points for the essays contained in Stephen Muecke’s original and challenging book. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=qL-0u39_lFEC ID - 485 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mückenberger, Ulrich PY - 2011 TI - Local time policies in Europe SP - 241-273 N1 - July 1, 2011 JF - Time & Society VL - 20 IS - 2 N1 - Local time policies in Europe M3 - 10.1177/0961463x11405579 KW - local time Europe Urban communities Policy labour time coordinating between different times Public and private time care work Scheduling Acceleration of time Deceleration of time cities women's time education health care critical temporalities politics social cohesion Relevance: 2 planning Ireland Italy Germany France Spain time/space compression N2 - Urban temporal policies, policies intended to coordinate working times, public and private service times, and the urban time schedules to the needs of human beings, individuals, families, communities, seem to gain ground across Europe. They stem from new time compression experiences in everyday working, leisure and family life of citizens, but particularly among women. They focus on different local policy areas, like transport, school, child- and elderly-care, security, services, urban planning, work-life balance, etc., and tend to restructure these areas in a humane, time-aware mode. Local time policies are necessarily participative policies including stakeholders as the subjects of change. Since the early 1990s this new type of policy has spread over West Europe, starting from Italy ('tempi della cittÃ') and extending to Germany, France, Spain, Ireland, and Finland. Now, time policies are becoming more influential in central and eastern Europe as well. Recently, on 28 October 2010, the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe adopted a recommendation (Rec 295(2010)) and a resolution (Res 313 (2010)) addressed to its 47 member states favouring local time policies. In 2009, the Congress Committee for Social Cohesion had taken up the issue. The political reporter, Clotilde Tascon-Mennetrier, and the scientific commentator, Professor Ulrich Mückenberger, submitted a proposal of recommendations to the Committee. After two extensive deliberations, supported by both reporter and commentator, the Committee unanimously adopted these recommendations on 16 March 2010 (CPL/SOC(17)2). In October 2010, after a slight redraft, the docu-ment was passed by the Congress implementing large parts of the opinion of Professor Mückenberger. Now it is up to the Committee of Ministers to deliberate the resolution and to take measures accordingly. In the following, two texts from this process are documented. When taking up the subject of local time policies, the Committee of Social Cohesion asked Professor Mückenberger to be the general commentator for Europe and to submit a general report with policy recommendations for the Council of Europe.1 The following article basically corresponds to this report; the policy recommendations are left aside because they have been mainly integrated into both the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities recommendation 295(2010) (see Appendix 1 below) and the Congress resolution 313 (2010) (see Appendix 2 below). UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/20/2/241.abstract ID - 1044 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Mulgan, Geoff AU - Wilkinson, Helen PY - 1997 BT - Life after Politics: New Thinking for the 21st Century ED - Mulgan, Geoff CT - Wellbeing and time CY - London PB - Fontana SP - 67-80 N1 - Wellbeing and time KW - health politics Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books/?id=yVkWAQAAIAAJ ID - 990 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mulvaney-Day, N. E. AU - Horvitz-Lennon, M. AU - Chen, C. N. AU - Laderman, M. AU - Alegria, M. PY - 2010 TI - Valuing health in a racially and ethnically diverse community sample: an analysis using the valuation metrics of money and time SP - 1529-1540 JF - Quality of Life Research VL - 19 IS - 10 SN - 0962-9343 N1 - Valuing health in a racially and ethnically diverse community sample: an analysis using the valuation metrics of money and time M3 - 10.1007/s11136-010-9713-6 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Psychology Method: quantitative Health care cultural diversity USA psychiatry mental health Migration time as resource time allocation Relevance: 3 N2 - Purpose Limited research in health valuation analyzes samples with high proportions of racial/ethnic minorities within the United States. The primary objective was to explore patterns of health valuation across race/ethnicity using the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. A secondary objective was to analyze whether mental health disorder and immigrant status were associated with these estimates. Methods Health valuation questions using different metrics (time and money) were analyzed. Ordered logit models stratified across poor and moderate health tested differences by race/ethnicity, with mental health disorder and immigrant status as covariates. Results Asians in moderate health and Latinos were willing to pay more for health than non-Latino whites. Asians in moderate health were willing to trade more time for health. Latinos in poor health were less willing to trade time and gave disproportionate zero-trade responses. Lifetime history of anxiety disorder was positively associated with both metrics. Immigrant status confounded money valuation for Asians in moderate health, and time valuation for Latinos in poor health. Conclusions Health valuation estimates vary across race/ethnicity depending upon the metric. Time valuation scenarios appear less feasible for Latinos in poor health. More research is necessary to understand these differences and the role of immigrant status in health valuation. UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20680690 ID - 8 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Mumford, Lewis PY - 1946 BT - Technics and Civilization CY - London PB - Routledge N1 - Technics and Civilization KW - technology social time social change Relevance: 2 philosophy Sociology changing perceptions of time history of changing perceptions of time industrialisation Transport technologies labour time Middle Ages N2 - Technics and Civilization first presented its compelling history of the machine and critical study of its effects on civilization in 1934—before television, the personal computer, and the Internet even appeared on our periphery.Drawing upon art, science, philosophy, and the history of culture, Lewis Mumford explained the origin of the machine age and traced its social results, asserting that the development of modern technology had its roots in the Middle Ages rather than the Industrial Revolution. Mumford sagely argued that it was the moral, economic, and political choices we made, not the machines that we used, that determined our then industrially driven economy. Equal parts powerful history and polemic criticism, Technics and Civilization was the first comprehensive attempt in English to portray the development of the machine age over the last thousand years—and to predict the pull the technological still holds over us today. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=PU7PktesGUoC ID - 486 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Munn, Nancy D. PY - 1992 TI - The Cultural Anthropology of Time: A Critical Essay SP - 93-123 JF - Annual Review of Anthropology VL - 21 N1 - review N1 - The Cultural Anthropology of Time: A Critical Essay KW - social time Anthropology Multiple temporalities time reckoning Static time action agency change over time time as tool for political legitimation Past in the present Relevance: 2 Review article time as missing element N2 - Not available - from introduction: Writing a review of the cultural anthropology of time is something like reading Borges's (19a) infinite "Book of Sand": as one opens this book, pages keep growing from it-it has no beginning or end. Borges's book could be taken as the space of time: A page once seen is never seen again, and the book's harried possessors keep trying to escape its "monstrous" self-production by surreptitiously selling or losing it. The diffuse, endlessly multiplying studies of sociocultural time reflect time's pervasiveness as an inescapable dimension of all aspects of social experience and practice. This apparently "infinite complexity" (1:200) seems to be both a cause and a product of insufficient theoretical attention to the nature of time as a unitary, focal problem (cf 1:200, 119a: 152). When time is a focus, it may be subject to oversimplified, single-stranded descriptions or typifications, rather than to a theoretical examination of basic sociocultural processes through which temporality is constructed (cf 39a, 51:42, 178a:182). Anthropological reviews or summaries of the field (51, 71, 127a, 164) are both sparse and, with the exception of Gell's (62) major new study,1 relatively superficial despite the importance of the topic. Thus the problem of time has often been handmaiden to other anthropological frames and issues (political structures, descent, ritual, work, narrative, history, cosmology, etc, as well as, at another level, general theories of anthropological discourse) with which it is inextricably bound up. In short, the topic of time frequently fragments into all the other dimensions and topics anthropologists deal with in the social world. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2155982 ID - 487 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Murphy, Patricia PY - 2001 BT - Time is of the Essence: Temporality, Gender, and the New Woman CY - Albany PB - SUNY Press N1 - Time is of the Essence: Temporality, Gender, and the New Woman KW - literary theory history social time gender feminism Technology Relevance: 2 women's time literature U.K. progress origin stories psychology time as symbolic resource time as tool for managing percieved threats Transport technologies changing perceptions of time clocks time reckoning N2 - Examines the intricate relationships between time and gender in the novels of five fin-de-siecle British writers--Thomas Hardy, Olive Schreiner, H. Rider Haggard, Sarah Grand, and Mona Caird In Time Is of the Essence, Patricia Murphy argues that the Victorian debate on the Woman Question was informed by a crucial but as yet unexplored element at the fin de siecle: the cultural construction of time. Victorians were obsessed with time in this century of incessant change, responding to such diverse developments as Darwinism, a newfound faith in progress, an unprecedented fascination with history and origins, and the nascent discipline of evolutionary psychology. The works examined here--novels by Thomas Hardy, Olive Schreiner, H. Rider Haggard, Sarah Grand, and Mona Caird--manipulate prevalent discourses on time to convey anxieties over gender, which intensified in the century's final decades with the appearance of the rebellious New Woman. Unmasking the intricate relationship between time and gender that threaded through these and other works of the period, Murphy reveals that the cultural construction of time, which was grounded in the gender-charged associations of history, progress, Christianity, and evolution, served as a powerful vehicle for reinforcing rigid boundaries between masculinity and femininity. In the process, she also covers a number of other important and intriguing topics, including the effects of rail travel on Victorian perceptions of time and the explosion of watch production throughout the period. UR - http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=9m7OgnVmVAMC&oi=fnd ID - 488 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Musharbash, Yasmine PY - 2007 TI - Boredom, Time, and Modernity: An Example from Aboriginal Australia SP - 307-317 JF - American Anthropologist VL - 109 IS - 2 SN - 00027294 N1 - Boredom, Time, and Modernity: An Example from Aboriginal Australia KW - Indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Australia Anthropology boredom method: ethnography method: comparative analysis social time Postcolonialism multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 Modernity literary theory Sociology philosophy cultural variants of time changing perceptions of time Western imperialism conceptions of time identity N2 - In this article, I explore an anthropologically underresearched topic, boredom, utilizing ethnographic data from the Australian Aboriginal settlement of Yuendumu and situating that research in a comparative perspective. I examine the concept's genesis and meaning at Yuendumu using the social-constructivist approach to boredom as proposed in literature studies, sociology, and philosophy. That approach provides an account of how the emergence of boredom in 18th-century Europe is linked to processes of modernity. That perspective, however, has led to claims that boredom is a Western phenomenon and that its existence elsewhere is because of "Westernization." In this article, I argue against that perspective by linking instances of boredom at Yuendumu to perceptions of personhood and to conceptualizations of being in time-particularly socioculturally specific ways of perceiving time and postcolonial temporalities as generating the emergence of boredom. This boredom is a historically and socioculturally specific phenomenon, arising out of distinct sociocultural engagements with locally particular processes of modernity. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4496644 ID - 267 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Najar, Sihem PY - 1997 TI - The social representation of historic time in Maghrib culture SP - 25-33 JF - The Journal of North African Studies VL - 2 IS - 3 SN - 1362-9387 N1 - The social representation of historic time in Maghrib culture KW - Africa historical time social time history Ritual eternity Repetition Religion temporal boundaries break in time life course Relevance: 2 N2 - The alimentary rituals of daily life are a means of reinforcing its sense of the eternal present. This concept of the tragic is to be contrasted with the links between present and future as reflected in the religious visions where contemporary taboos become the permissiveness of Paradise. The argument is illustrated by the role played by a specific dish, m'hammas, in defining rites of passage, both those of marriage and widowhood. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13629389708718302 ID - 668 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nandy, Ashis PY - 1995 TI - History's Forgotten Doubles SP - 44-66 JF - History and Theory VL - 34 IS - 2 SN - 00182656 N1 - History's Forgotten Doubles KW - history historical time national time inclusion/exclusion critical temporalities temporal distancing Progress development critique of discipline open past myth violence relevance: 3 N2 - The historical mode may be the dominant mode of constructing the past in most parts of the globe but it is certainly not the most popular mode of doing so. The dominance is derived from the links the idea of history has established with the modern nation-state, the secular worldview, the Baconian concept of scientific rationality, nineteenth-century theories of progress, and, in recent decades, development. This dominance has also been strengthened by the absence of any radical critique of the idea of history within the modern world and for that matter, within the discipline of history itself. As a result, once exported to the nonmodern world, historical consciousness has not only tended to absolutize the past in cultures that have lived with open-ended concepts of the past or depended on myths, legends, and epics to define their cultural selves, it has also made the historical worldview complicit with many new forms of violence, exploitation, and satanism in our times and helped rigidify civilizational, cultural, and national boundaries. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2505434 ID - 932 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nanni, Giordano PY - 2011 TI - Time, empire and resistance in settler-colonial Victoria SP - 5-33 JF - Time & Society VL - 20 IS - 1 N1 - Time, empire and resistance in settler-colonial Victoria N1 - 10.1177/0961463X10369765 KW - Asynchrony past in the present Australia indigenous Australians colonialism power critical temporalities temporal conflict inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 coordinating between different times time as tool for managing percieved threats indigenous peoples N2 - This article addresses the role of time as a locus of power and resistance in the context of 19th-century European colonialism. It adopts the case-study of the British settler-colony of Victoria, Australia, to illustrate the manner in which colonization entailed, as well as territorial conquest, the subversion of conflicting attitudes to time. It is argued that whilst the colonization of ‘Aboriginal time’ aided the broader economic interests of settler-colonialism by helping to absorb the Indigenous presence within the temporal landscape of colonial society, time also functioned as a tool for Indigenous resistance and cultural negotiation. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/20/1/5.abstract ID - 918 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nellis, Mike PY - 2002 TI - Community justice, time and the new national probation service SP - 59-86 JF - Howard Journal of Criminal Justice VL - 41 IS - 1 N1 - Community justice, time and the new national probation service N1 - illumina KW - time scarcity time use criminology sociology organisational temporalities temporal conflict organisational temporalities critique of discipline time as missing element methodology england Wales U.K. europe social Change Relevance: 1 Acceleration of time Adam N2 - Abstract: Amongst the staff in the highly managerialised agencies of contemporary criminal justice, there is a clear and often painful awareness of ever-tighter deadlines and increasing time scarcity. Nonetheless it has been correctly observed that ‘academic investigation of such issues has been hampered by the limited conceptions of time involved’ (Whipp 1994, p. 100). This is particularly true in criminology. The sociological understanding of time has grown apace in recent years (Adam 1990, 1995; Hassard 1990) but tends to have remained a specialist preserve which has impacted little on reflection about criminal justice processes, Pratt (1990) and Matthews (1999) excepted. As a result ‘our maps of time within [criminal justice] organisations of the late twentieth century are still woefully inadequate’ (Whipp 1994, p. 112, my addition). This article is an implicit commendation of the ‘sociology of time’ to criminologists, and an explicit application of some of its concepts and insights to the emerging National Probation Service in England and Wales, as projected in its recent mission statement, A New Choreography. The targets and deadlines set for the new Service are premised upon a commonplace but problematic notion of ‘managerial time’, which in a variety of ways is at odds with the feasible pace of change in the many local communities with which the Service will be working. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1468-2311.00225/pdf ID - 105 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nespor, J. AU - Hicks, D. AU - Fall, A. M. PY - 2009 TI - Time and exclusion SP - 373-385 JF - Disability and Society VL - 24 IS - 3 N1 - Time and exclusion N1 - SCOPUS KW - Disability Education inclusion/exclusion method: Interviews clocks standardisation temporal distancing relevance: 2 families organisational temporalities USA Scheduling calendars time as tool for managing percieved threats temporal conflict Assumptions about time obscuring x children/youth time reckoning N2 - Drawing on interviews with parents of children with complex disabilities in several school systems in a US state, this paper examines how temporal units such as the school day and school year and practices organized around artifacts like clocks and calendars work as 'devices of temporal distanciation' to separate children with disabilities from other children and exclude their families from critical relations with schools. The paper focuses on two kinds of effects: the ways differentiated timetables separate children and the ways constructing school time in bounded, discrete units limits the ability of parents and children to make key elements of their lives visible to the school. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-74949144615&partnerID=40&md5=ff4adf0a4e53d9dbb59d3088d38b7a8c ID - 221 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Newman, Christy AU - Persson, Asha AU - Ellard, Jeanne PY - 2006 TI - ‘We just don’t know’: ambivalence about treatment strategies in the Australian community-based HIV media SP - 191-210 JF - Health VL - 10 IS - 2 N1 - ‘We just don’t know’: ambivalence about treatment strategies in the Australian community-based HIV media M3 - 10.1177/1363459306061788 N1 - SAGE KW - Health care Australia Media narrative method: textual analysis Relevance: 3 Unpredictibility open future future Activism future orientation Absence of future N2 - The community-based HIV media in Australia provide a unique arena for the negotiation of competing models of medicine between activists, clinicians, government and people living with HIV/AIDS. This article examines how these media have interpreted developments in HIV treatment strategies since the introduction of new treatments in 1996, and identifies the discursive elements employed in journalistic constructions of the temporality and character of HIV medicine. A discourse of ambivalence recurs throughout this journalism, framing the negotiated shifts in treatment strategies as evidence of the uncertainty and unpredictability of HIV medicine. Associated with this discourse are metaphors of medical ambivalence that employ provocative imagery such as fashion, rollercoaster, obstacle course and guessing game to shore up a notion of the volatility of HIV medicine. This article participates in ongoing engagements between the communities and clinicians affected by HIV/AIDS and, more broadly, in the production of knowledge around medicine and the media. UR - http://hea.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/10/2/191 ID - 205 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Newton, Tim PY - 2003 TI - Crossing the Great Divide SP - 433-457 JF - Sociology VL - 37 IS - 3 N1 - Crossing the Great Divide N1 - 10.1177/00380385030373003 KW - Sociology temporal conflict nature social coordination coordinating between different times temporality of academic work Multiple temporalities Norbert Elias time as natural social time Acceleration of time social Change change over time Short-term perspectives long-term perspectives time as horizon social theory embodiment relevance: 2 epistemology knowledge N2 - This article addresses perceived difference in temporal pace within nature and considers how epistemological debate is conditioned by such difference, drawing on the work of Norbert Elias. The first part of the article debates the equivalence of `natural time' and `social time'. The acceleration of human social pace is also explored, along with the human capacity for plasticity and change, and the contrast which such plasticity presents in relation to the seeming longevity of many natural processes. The epistemological implications of these arguments are considered in the second part of the article, focusing on the difficulties which human plasticity creates for current social theory (with particular attention to critical realism). In the final part of the article, the foregoing discussion is used to re-evaluate sociologies of nature through reference to the sociology of the body. UR - http://soc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/3/433 ID - 759 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nguyen, Dan Thu PY - 1992 TI - The Spatialization of Metric Time: The Conquest of Land and Labour in Europe and the United States SP - 29-50 JF - Time & Society VL - 1 IS - 1 N1 - The Spatialization of Metric Time: The Conquest of Land and Labour in Europe and the United States N1 - 10.1177/0961463X92001001004 KW - time and space europe USA linear time clock time territory labour time time discipline public and private time critical temporalities Relevance: 2 N2 - In this paper, I address the entrenchment of metric time in the West wherein clock time came to measure not only the surface of bodies but also the space of human activity. I trace two specific sets of practices which both reflected and propelled this increasing spatialization of time: the conquest and demarcation of territories and oceans in the first instance; and, in the second, labouring activities and the discipline of private life. The questions which this paper raises, finally, relate to the political and ethical configurations in such a temporal regime. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/1/1/29.abstract ID - 865 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nicholson, Graeme PY - 1971 TI - The Commune of Being and Time SP - 708-726 JF - Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review VL - 10 IS - 4 N1 - The Commune of Being and Time M3 - 10.1017/S0012217300031607 N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Continental Philosophy Philosophy Heidegger Political philosophy Relevance: 2 critique of discipline historical time N2 - One cannot determine whether a book is a work of political philosophy merely by glancing at its contents. Heidegger's Being and Time is a case in point. It offers no discussion of the topics which are commonly thought to constitute political philosophy—the state, the nature of law, human rights, and so on. But particular themes such as these reflect in large part the actual conditions which prevailed at certain times and places, fourth-century Athens and seventeenth-century England, for example, so they must not be thought to constitute an outline of the eternal problems of political philosophy. When a philosopher embarks upon a new line of thought at a different time and under novel circumstances, he may find himself instituting a new vocabulary for the problems of the human community. UR - http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=7195360 ID - 157 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nigam, Aditya PY - 2004 TI - Imagining the Global Nation: Time and Hegemony SP - 72-79 JF - Economic and Political Weekly VL - 39 IS - 1 SN - 00129976 N1 - Imagining the Global Nation: Time and Hegemony KW - imagined futures nationalism India temporal conflict Multiple temporalities time as tool for political legitimation Relevance: 2 Global present Asynchrony N2 - India's entry into the global arena opens up immense imaginative possibilities for the new elite imagination of a deterritorialised global nation, which is in turn is predicated upon a fuller incorporation into the global economy. This incorporation leads to a rapid disjunction of temporal experience with the nation-space in such a way that it breaks irrevocably with the nation-building framework and in the process unhinges the everyday popular from nation-time. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4414466 ID - 584 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Noble, Allen G. PY - 1999 BT - An Ethnic Geography of Early Utica, New York: Time, Space and Community CY - Lewiston, NY PB - Edwin Mellen Press N1 - An Ethnic Geography of Early Utica, New York: Time, Space and Community KW - Geography Migration Cities Human Geography Relevance: 3 USA change over time N2 - An examination of how early immigrant communities (German, Welsh, Polish, Italian) changed the geographical shape of the city. Group identity was so strong that even a century after the first peoples began to arrive, different neighbourhoods, and even larger sections of the city, retained the imprint of the immigrants. It is also the story of adaptive strategies followed by each community in responding to economic and social constraints imposed upon it. The study is oriented to the spatial perspective of the urban cultural geography. The internal movement of the groups is traced and the rationale for the particular directions of movement is related to physical, economic and cultural factors. UR - http://www.mellenpress.com/mellenpress.cfm?bookid=3461&pc=9 http://books.google.com/books?id=CVKlLAAACAAJ ID - 131 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Noonan, Jeff PY - 2009 TI - Free Time As a Necessary Condition of Free Life SP - 377-393 JF - Contemporary Political Theory VL - 8 IS - 4 SN - 1470-8914 N1 - Free Time As a Necessary Condition of Free Life N1 - Philosopher's Index KW - ethics social time Capitalism leisure time Relevance: 2 life course critical temporalities Routines repetition organisational temporalities normativity values open future action political theory N2 - Human life is finite. Given that lifetime is necessarily limited, the experience of time in any given society is a central ethical problem. If all or most of human lifetime is consumed by routine tasks (or resting for the resumption of routine) then human beings are dominated by the socially determined experience of time. This article first examines time as the fundamental existential framework of human life. It then goes on to explore the determination of time today by the ruling value system that underlies advanced capitalist society. It concludes that the equation 'time is money' rules the contemporary experience of time, and goes on to argue that this experience deprives those who live under this ruling value system of a central requirement of free human life: the experience of time as an open matrix of possibilities for action (or free time). UR - http://www.palgrave-journals.com/cpt/journal/v8/n4/full/cpt200827a.html ID - 187 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Nora, Pierre PY - 1996 TI - Realms of memory: rethinking the French past. Volume 1: Conflicts and Divisions A3 - Kritzman, L. D. T3 - Realms of memory: rethinking the French past CY - New York PB - Columbia University Press CP - 1 M1 - 3 N1 - Goldhammer, A. N1 - Realms of memory: rethinking the French past. Volume 1: Conflicts and Divisions KW - Memory France Europe temporal conflict past in the present history cultural studies Meaning commemorative events heritage sites Relevance: 2 N2 - Offering a new approach on history, culture, French studies and the studies of symbols, Realms of Memory reveals how the myriad meanings we attach to places and events constitute our sense of history. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=5VirPgAACAAJ ID - 945 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nowotny, Helga PY - 1992 TI - Time and Social Theory SP - 421-454 N1 - September 1, 1992 JF - Time & Society VL - 1 IS - 3 N1 - Time and Social Theory M3 - 10.1177/0961463x92001003006 KW - social time social theory sociology Giddens Norbert Elias G.H. Mead Luhmann agency Relevance: 2 Review article N2 - The paper first discusses fundamental issues raised for social theory by the concept of `social time' and investigates how the concept is delineated from other discipline-embedded ones. The second section reviews the concept of social time in the work of major social theorists, notably Mead, Elias, Giddens and Luhmann. The link or lack thereof to human agency is considered crucial. The third section examines briefly the numerous empirical contributions to the study of time that cover a wide variety of subfields of social research. Finally the present potential for `time studies' in the social sciences is assessed. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/1/3/421.abstract ID - 490 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Nowotny, Helga PY - 1994 BT - Time: the Modern and Postmodern Experience CY - Cambridge PB - Polity N1 - Time: the Modern and Postmodern Experience KW - modernity Postmodernism social time Technology industrialisation linear time just-in-time production communication experiential time organisational temporalities Relevance: 2 changing perceptions of time Simultaneity critical temporalities action Sociology N2 - from back cover: "Helga Nowotny's exploration of the forms and meaning of time in contemporary life is panoramic without in any way partaking of the blandness of a survey. From the artificial time of the scientific laboratory to the distinctively modern yearning for one's own time, she regards every topic in this wide-ranging book from a fresh angle of vision, one which reveals unsuspected affinities between the bravest, newest worlds of global technology and the most ancient worlds of myth." --Lorraine Daston, University of Chicago This book represents a major contribution to the understanding of time, giving particular attention to time in relation to modernity. The development of industrialism, the author points out, was based upon a linear and abstract conception of time. Today we see that form of production, and the social institutions associated with it, supplanted by flexible specialization and just-in-time production systems. New information and communication technologies have made a fundamental impact here. But what does all this mean for temporal regimes? How can we understand the transformation of time and space involved in the bewildering variety of options on offer in a postmodern world? The author provides an incisive analysis of the temporal implications of modern communication. She considers the implications of worldwide simultaneous experience, made possible by satellite technologies, and considers the reorganization of time involved in the continuous technological innovation that marks our era. In this puzzling universe of action, how does one achieve a 'time of one's own'? The discovery of a specific time perspective centred in the individual, she shows, expresses a yearning for forms of experience that are subversive of established institutional patterns. This brilliant study, became a classic in Germany, will be of interest to students and professionals working in the areas of social theory, sociology, politics and anthropology. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=LtZKRkAdeqQC ID - 955 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Noyes, Richard PY - 1980 TI - The Time Horizon of Planned Social Change: II. How the Advocates of Social Reform May Expedite Their Purpose through Temporal Calibration SP - 261-272 JF - American Journal of Economics and Sociology VL - 39 IS - 3 SN - 00029246 N1 - The Time Horizon of Planned Social Change: II. How the Advocates of Social Reform May Expedite Their Purpose through Temporal Calibration KW - time as horizon planning social Change policy social coordination Sociology economics long-term perspectives temporal conflict temporal complexity in/commensurability between times coordinating between different times communication Relevance: 3 N2 - Recent recognition of time horizon as a variable in human cerebration opens a window on the question of how worthwhile social reform might be expedited. The careers of three prophets in this millenium--Bartolomé de Las Casas, John Eliot and Jonathan Edwards--support the premise that unusually long time horizons needed for prophecy to create an inherent differential between the prophet's horizon and the time frame of his contemporaries. The resulting discalibration is an impediment to communication. Rudimentary measurement of the time horizons of modern-day proponents of land value taxation, followers of Henry George, indicated horizons longer than the current social time frame. It follows that some calibration of that difference is advisable. Adjustments in an individual's own time horizon are apt to be more productive than efforts to shift the time frame as a whole. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3486106 ID - 706 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nugin, Raili PY - 2010 TI - Social Time as the Basis of Generational Consciousness SP - 342-366 JF - Trames: Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences VL - 14 IS - 4 SN - 1406-0922 N1 - Social Time as the Basis of Generational Consciousness AN - WOS:000285646000004 M3 - 10.3176/tr.2010.4.04 KW - social time generations individual time coordinating between different times life course Shared past Europe Soviet Union postcommunism social Change method: Interviews Method: quantitative Method: qualitative collective memory temporal boundaries identity Relevance: 2 N2 - The article addresses the interdependence of personal and social time. Certain social events at certain age create specific forms of social identity which defines itself through these social developments. The focus of this article is theorizing how this identity - in other words, generational consciousness - can be triggered by social processes. In particular, specific interest will be on the age group born in Estonia in the 1970s, a cohort reaching maturity at the time broad social changes took place after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Generational consciousness forms when personal and social transitions coincide among those who are young at the time of social transitions. However, historical change does not necessarily articulate in a generational consciousness in all circumstances. Hence, analysing qualitative interview data against a backdrop of quantitative data, the article attempts to reveal the reflexive generational consciousness of this cohort and its core features. The paper also seeks to discover whether the subjective borders stated by the respondents to their social identity coincide with the (objective) social and demographic conditions of this cohort. UR - http://kirj.ee/public/trames_pdf/2010/issue_4/trames-2010-4-342-366.pdf ID - 785 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nye, William P. PY - 1986 TI - The social organization of time in a resort band: Or, “moments to remember” SP - 63-71 JF - Popular Music and Society VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 0300-7766 N1 - The social organization of time in a resort band: Or, “moments to remember” KW - music social time social coordination leisure time memory labour time temporal boundaries inclusion/exclusion ritual time discipline coordinating between different times relevance: 3 professionalism dance N2 - not available - from the text: ...On the other hand, resort band musicians are expressly denied the Bohemian pleasures which public stereotypes, scholarly literature,4 and professional practice associate with the more spirited or anarchistic strains of popular dance music. For example, resort musicians consume little if any alcohol during working hours and this is never done in sight of the guests. Consumption of any other drug must be entirely surreptitious or immediate dismissal is the likely result. In addition, the musicians may not fraternize with the guests except to receive a request .or perhaps a brief compliment, nor may they share food or beverages with the guests. The guests only see the band members (and vice versa) during the performance itself. Setting up, breaking down, dressing up and down, and break time between sets is done out of the audience's sight. The musicians socialize only with one another or with other hotel employees while working. Resort musicians not only are devoid of "groupies," but even their spouses are not allowed to visit the job site. Such stringent, normative restrictions are rarely imposed on commercial dance musicians who play in bars and night clubs or for dances and other social functions such as weddings. In many ways the resort band ritual is a cross between the mores of the concert hall and the dance hall. To succeed the resort band must present what amounts to a professional concert stretching over four hours and drawing from a repertoire that sounds like Muzak inspired "elevator music" at one extreme and a screaming rhythm and blues band at the other. When looked at in this way, a successful resort band ritual depends upon a combination of talent and timing, with timing being the more important of the two key components. Obviously, some musical talent and ability are necessary prerequisites if one is to perform credibly, but my observations on personnel turnover lead to the conclusions that the better musicians rarely if ever have an opportunity to display much of their talent and many talented musicians are fired simply because they will not or cannot master the temporal demands of the ritual. Or, as Kyle Thompson says on the basis of forty years' experience, "Playing the music is probably the easiest part of the job." UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/03007768608591260 ID - 666 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nyroos, Mikaela PY - 2007 TI - Time to learn, time to develop? Change processes in three schools with weak national time regulation SP - 37-54 JF - Pedagogy, Culture & Society VL - 15 IS - 1 SN - 1468-1366 N1 - Time to learn, time to develop? Change processes in three schools with weak national time regulation KW - education social Change national time change over time time use time allocation Sweeden Europe Method: longitudinal analysis Goals Scheduling Relevance: 3 organisational temporalities N2 - This article analyses change of time use and time allocation in three schools participating in a Swedish five-year national experiment in which State regulation of teaching time was weakened. Participating schools could freely decide how to use and distribute teaching time. The experiment was launched at a late stage in a 25-year decentralisation process. During this period, the Swedish education system has become one of the most decentralised ones among the OECD countries. Based on a four-year longitudinal study, the initiation and implementation of more goal-oriented and flexible time allocations in the three schools were analysed. When removing the time schedule one would expect schools to change both time allocation and pedagogy. However, in all three schools, change concerned the latter rather than distribution of teaching hours across subjects, pupils and so on. In particular, change was about replacing traditional subject-based teaching by thematic, cross-disciplinary studies and introducing working forms resulting in increased autonomy, but more responsibility on the part of the pupils. It is concluded that the additional weakening of time governance did not have any dramatic effects on initiation and implementation of school development. It primarily resulted in a confirmation, legitimisation and to some extent speeding up of existing change efforts. More generally it led to increased possibilities of information, networking and attention. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/14681360601162121 ID - 638 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Odih, Pamela PY - 1999 TI - Gendered Time in the Age of Deconstruction SP - 9-38 JF - Time & Society VL - 8 IS - 1 N1 - Gendered Time in the Age of Deconstruction KW - Gender Deconstruction Derrida inclusion/exclusion linear time time as symbolic resource politics of time politics feminism feminist theory women's time public and private time labour time critical temporalities Multiple temporalities non-linear time time as all encompassing Relevance: 2 epistemology Continental Philosophy N2 - Representational linear time is premised on the rational ordering and control of space and time and the denial of différance; it knows no Other. Linear time's claim to neutrality has, in recent years, been the subject of much feminist debate. Davies and Leccardi have, for example, argued the incompatibility of `women's time' with a linear perspective which separates work from leisure, the public from the private, and task from clock-based orientations to time. But many of these feminist challenges are epistemologically grounded in the very same representational tradition, which has secured the hegemony of linear time. For these feminist discourses tend towards either a strategy of reversing the phallocentricity of linear time and or synthesizing the binary elements of their discourse (i.e., its male/female opposition) into mutually inclusive dualistic pairs. The problem that unites these respective strategies is that they fail to displace the dualistic epistemology that is at the heart of Enlightenment thought. Conversely, this paper argues that a way to destroy the male/female time opposition is not to invert it but to deconstruct it. Deconstruction, as defined by Derrida, is a strategy, which attacks the classical oppositions of the metaphysics of presence and in doing so, destroys the phallocentric binary that it creates. The alternative discourse of gendered time presented in this paper defines masculine and feminine time(s) as elements that represent multiple differences, pluralities of characteristics that cross and re-cross the alleged boundary between the two. It is in this sense that discourses of gendered time can fracture the masculine fiction of unity that is linear time and reveal how these unities have repressed an Other. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/8/1/9.abstract ID - 491 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Odysseos, Louiza PY - 2009 TI - Constituting Community: Heidegger, Mimesis and Critical Belonging SP - 37-61 JF - CRISPP: Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy VL - 12 IS - 1 N1 - Constituting Community: Heidegger, Mimesis and Critical Belonging N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Heidegger philosophy continental Philosophy Belonging deconstruction identity shared past non-homogeneous community Tradition critical temporalities inclusion/exclusion Multiculturalism Relevance: 2 N2 - In this article, I propose a consideration of the question of community and mimesis. I suggest that Heidegger's radically hermeneutic and heteronomous analysis of existence (Daseinanalytik) enables us to give a critical rereading of his cryptic, contentious and troubling statements on 'community' and 'people' in the infamous paragraph 74 of Being and time. My purpose is not solely exegetical with respect to Heidegger's argument, however. This rereading is primarily a retrieval of a productive understanding of how community comes to be constituted through the practice of 'critical mimesis' from Heidegger's thought, as developed by authors such as Peg Birmingham. Critical mimesis or identification, I argue, points to a type of relationship towards the community's past that renders communal constitution by its members into a type of 'critical belonging'. Critical belonging involves critique, displacement and resistance towards the tradition and, as a questioning mode of identification, help us critically theorise community constitution beyond 'thick' and 'thin' dichotomies. It may also well aid us in examining empirical questions about the expansion of community, multiculturalism and social exclusion which are at the forefront of social and political concerns. (edited) UR - http://www.louizaodysseos.org.uk/resources/Odysseos+constituting+community.pdf ID - 154 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Oinas, Päivi AU - Malecki, Edward J. PY - 2002 TI - The Evolution of Technologies in Time and Space: From National and Regional to Spatial Innovation Systems SP - 102-131 JF - International Regional Science Review VL - 25 IS - 1 N1 - The Evolution of Technologies in Time and Space: From National and Regional to Spatial Innovation Systems N1 - 10.1177/016001702762039402 KW - Technology nationalism change over time Relevance: 4 N2 - Complementing existing approaches on national innovation systems (NISs) and regional innovation systems (RISs), the proposed spatial innovation systems (SISs) approach incorporates a focus on the path-dependent evolution of specific technologies as components of technological systems and the intermingling of their technological paths among various locations through time. SISs utilize spatial divisions of labor among several specialized RISs, possibly in more than one NIS. The SIS concept emphasizes the external relations of actors as key elements that transcend all existing systems of innovation. The integrating role of these relations remains inadequately understood to date. This poses a challenge for future research. UR - http://irx.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/25/1/102 ID - 614 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Öktem, Kerem PY - 2004 TI - Incorporating the time and space of the ethnic ‘other’: nationalism and space in Southeast Turkey in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries SP - 559-578 JF - Nations and Nationalism VL - 10 IS - 4 SN - 1469-8129 N1 - Incorporating the time and space of the ethnic ‘other’: nationalism and space in Southeast Turkey in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries M3 - 10.1111/j.1354-5078.2004.00182.x KW - Homogenising present nationalism Middle East ethnicity Critical temporalities time and space inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 3 national time history Geography N2 - Abstract. This paper aims to develop a model for the ethno-nationalist incorporation of the space and time – that is of the geography and history – of ethnicities considered as ‘others’ by the ethno-nationalist core of an emerging nation-state. It contends that one of the reasons for the recurring power and emotive force of nationalist discourse and practice stems from the disjunction between the complex history of a locality – exemplified in its material culture – and the homogenised present, which various strategies of ethno-nationalist incorporation have brought about. Based on the analysis of the empirical evidence of the case of the city of (Sanli) Urfa in Southeast Turkey, it argues that a ‘spatial perspective’ focusing on the locale might facilitate unveiling hitherto understudied aspects of local nationalisms, as well as the rather dark sides of most nation-building projects such as large-scale population exchanges or ethnic cleansing. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-5078.2004.00182.x ID - 325 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Olivier, Laurant PY - 2008 BT - Le sombre abîme du temps. Mémoire et archéologie [The Dark Abyss of Time: Memory and Archaeology] CY - Paris PB - Seuil N1 - Le sombre abîme du temps. Mémoire et archéologie [The Dark Abyss of Time: Memory and Archaeology] N1 - Recommended for inclusion - Deconstruction of time across and in historical and archaeological processes - relevant insofar as communities often utilise time and the past in constructing community identities/narratives. N1 - French KW - Archaeology memory Past in the present materiality Philosophy non-linear time Relevance: 2 history Benjamin Darwin critique of discipline Historical time Assumptions about time obscuring x Methodology critical temporalities N2 - Not available - from review (http://traumwerk.stanford.edu/archaeolog/2009/01/the_dark_abyss_of_time.html): Olivier’s book is ambitious: he basically proposes to no less than rethink archaeology – a task, until now, mostly reserved to Anglo-Saxon scholars – through a reflection on time. His critical analysis, however, goes well beyond the discipline and cuts to the heart of history. Actually, the main enemy of Olivier is historicism. With its sequential, homogeneous and unilinear rendering of time, historicism has prevailed in the historical sciences. Historicism is what truly kills archaeology and makes it “despairingly superficial” (p. 53): if archaeology wants to be a relevant science, it has to stop resorting to the flawed temporalities of traditional historiography. His critical undertaking leads him to revisit inherited concepts of archaeological practice (including typology and excavation), heritage, and the history of archaeology. In his journey, he finds unexpected allies in people as disperate as Charles Darwin, Sigmund Freud, Walter Benjamin, Aby Warburg and Georges Perec. In order to deconstruct historicist time, he develops the idea that archaeology is not a form of history, as often understood in Europe, but a form of memory. Archaeology, though, does not work with individual or collective memories, but with a material one...Yet, at the same time, the past is not something physically remote – a point which has been recently emphasized by other authors (Olsen 2003; Witmore 2006). The past is at hand (à portée de main), here and now, everywhere. What we have on the surface, or near the surface, are remnants, traces, fragments de temporalité (p. 100), which are continuously involved in our lives and reinscribed according to new circumstances. Even more: the vestiges from the past condition our present (consider Roman roads and city planning)... For Olivier, archaeology has the potential to conceive another time altogether and, therefore, to overcome historicism. As a matter of fact, archaeology has been on the brink of revolutionizing our comprehension of time since the 18th century, but in each occasion, it has balked and withdrawn to the secure realm of historicism, becoming a mere subdiscipline of history... Laurent Olivier’s book is an outstanding contribution to archaeological and historical theory for several reasons, but probably the most important is its unique archaeological way of reasoning, starting from the earthly remains of the past. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wF0rAQAAIAAJ ID - 237 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Olma, Sebastian PY - 2007 TI - Physical Bergsonism and the Worldliness of Time SP - 123-137 JF - Theory, Culture and Society VL - 24 IS - 6 N1 - Physical Bergsonism and the Worldliness of Time N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Philosophy continental Philosophy Relevance: 2 Bergson capitalism physical time critique of discipline Relativity Theory conceptions of time social time Materiality time and space Market time finance organisational temporalities physics N2 - This article approaches the problem of capital's contemporary dispositifs from the rather unusual perspective of physics. It draws our attention to a surprising re-emergence of Bergson's critique of spatializing concepts of time in a paper recently published in the influential Foundations of Physics Letters, whose author, Peter Lynds, criticizes modern physics for maintaining at its very foundations a nonsensical notion of time, i.e., time as a succession of static instants. In doing this, he unintentionally revitalizes the famous debate between Einstein and Bergson, which the latter was believed to have lost. The fact that Bergson's critique re-emerges from within the physics community itself Olma takes as a sign of an increasing receptivity to qualitative -- i.e., nonspatial -- understandings of time. Taking Einstein's 'discovery' of relativity as a historical example, Olma argues 'that the materiality of social time forms the ontological fabric out of which conceptual -- i.e., physical -- time emerges'. If we are willing to follow him in this assertion, it seems evident that physics' newly-found interest in Bergsonism (or at least Bergson-inspired critique) indicates a dramatic shift in the materiality of the contemporary social. As much as modernity's dispositifs tended toward spatialization, Olma argues, as much do today's postmodern dispositifs temporalize the organization of social praxis. In order to substantiate the temporalization thesis he draws on today's financial markets as well as the spread of time-based organization. UR - http://tcs.sagepub.com/content/24/6/123.html ID - 161 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O'Malley, Michael PY - 1992 TI - Standard Time, Narrative Film and American Progressive Politics SP - 193-206 JF - Time & Society VL - 1 IS - 2 N1 - Standard Time, Narrative Film and American Progressive Politics N1 - 10.1177/0961463X92001002004 KW - standardisation narrative cinema USA time discipline national time nature Management time as tool for political legitimation politics changing perceptions of time social time Relevance: 2 politics time zones N2 - In the United States, the establishment of standard time zones in 1883 imposed an objective, socially expedient mechanical authority on what had been regarded as an unfungible aspect of nature. This new time lent itself to editing and reformation. Nearly identical approaches to the problem of time appeared in the techniques of scientific management, the evolution of motion-picture narrative and the formation of political consensus in the years before the First World War. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/1/2/193.abstract ID - 867 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O'Malley, Michael PY - 1992 TI - Time, Work and Task Orientation: A Critique of American Historiography SP - 341-358 JF - Time & Society VL - 1 IS - 3 N1 - Time, Work and Task Orientation: A Critique of American Historiography N1 - 10.1177/0961463X92001003002 KW - task oriented time labour time historiography USA critique of discipline time as natural changing perceptions of time social time Relevance: 2 N2 - The notion of task orientation - that natural cues govern both the pace and intensity of labor in preindustrial societies - has been too readily accepted by historians, especially American historians. Mistaking `natural time' for a more leisurely approach to life, they have missed the cultural attitudes about work that inform any interpretation of natural temporal cues. Nature offers no specific models for labor, and in many cases `natural' sources for time have resulted in regimented, regular and intense patterns of labor. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/1/3/341.abstract ID - 869 ER - TY - CHAP AU - O'Neil, John PY - 1997 BT - The ecological community: environmental challenges for philosophy, politics, and morality ED - Gottlieb, Roger S. CT - Time, Narrative and Environmental Politics CY - London PB - Routledge SP - 22-38 N1 - Time, Narrative and Environmental Politics KW - Philosophy ecology environment Sustainability climate change narrative politics more-than-human communities values time as missing element ethics Relevance: 2 N2 - not available - from the text: "Environmental problems raise two major theoretical challenges to orthodox ethical and political thought. The first concerns the place of non-human nature in our scheme of values. The second concerns the place of time, history and narrative. Both challenges raise questions that existed prior to environmental problems, but both have become stark in the new context. Discussion in environmental ethics has tended to focus almost entirely on the first problem...it is not my purpose in this paper to deny that there is anything of value in this exchange. However one consequence is that the second challenge has been largely ignored; where it has been raised, it has been neither adequately formulated nor addressed....Moreover, it highlights more clearly the institutional and political dimentions to the debate around the environment that, in the discussion of the values of nature, often seem to get lost in the thought that if we got our values right our problems would be solved" from the back cover: The Ecological Community offers important and previously unexplored responses to the environmental crisis. "The premise of this volume," writes editor Roger Gottlieb, "is that the environmental crisis challenges the presuppositions of--and creates a rich field of creative work in--philosophy, politics, and moral theory." These eighteen essays are fresh and compelling interrogations of the existing wisdom in a host of areas, including liberalism, communicative ethics, rights theory and environmental philosophy itself. Contributors: Avner de-Shalit, Gus diZerega, Roger S. Gottlieb, Eric Katz, Robert Kirkman, Andrew Light, Brian Luke, David Macauley, Mark A. Michael, Carl Mitcham, John O'Neill, Holmes Rolston III, David Schlosberg, William Throop, Steven Vogel, Mark I. Wallace, Peter S. Wenz, Michael E. Zimmerman. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=F-fZIToUUhMC ID - 134 ER - TY - CHAP AU - O'Neill, John PY - 1999 BT - Self and Future Generations: an intercultural conversation ED - Kim, Tae-Chang ED - Harrison, Ross CT - Self, Time and Separability PB - White Horse Press N1 - Self, Time and Separability KW - future Philosophy climate change Relevance: 3 Subjectivity Method: comparative analysis long-term perspectives identity the future cultural variants of time future generations temporally extended responsibilities N2 - Abstrsct Not available: Abstract from edited collection: This study reveals how human attitudes to the long-term effects of their actions are crucially bound up with their ideas of personal identity. This collection of essays contrasts eastern and western philosophies of concern for the future, and offers some suggestions for their possible reconciliation. Contributions are also provided by Yoon-Jae Chung, John Dunn, Takatoshi Imada, Masaya Kobayashi, John O'Neill, Onora O'Neill, Edward Page and Takesha Sasaki. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iIO3AAAAIAAJ ID - 493 ER - TY - JOUR AU - O'Rand, Angela AU - Ellis, Robert A. PY - 1974 TI - Social Class and Social Time Perspective SP - 53-62 JF - Social Forces VL - 53 IS - 1 SN - 00377732 N1 - Social Class and Social Time Perspective KW - class social time time perspective future orientation Difference cultural diversity time as horizon cultural variants of time Relevance: 2 children/youth N2 - The present research introduces and provisionally tests an improved methodological procedure (the Social Time Perspective Scale) for determining class-linked differences in the way persons anticipate the future and orient their behavior to it. Data for this analysis are drawn from a sample of freshmen in college who come largely, but not entirely, from middle-class backgrounds and from a sample of Job Corpsmen who come primarily from lower-class backgrounds. The findings reveal that: (1) lower-class youth in the Job Corps have a more circumscribed notion of future time than youth from the middle class and their outlook on the future is less systematically ordered; (2) upwardly mobile lower-class youth in college have succeeded in incorporating some features of the middle-class pattern of future orientation in their temporal outlook, but residues of their lower-class backgrounds are still present; and (3) in both the lower- and middle-class samples, the length of temporal perspectives is a factor mediating effective role performance. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2576837 ID - 670 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Orlikowski, Wanda J. AU - Yates, JoAnne PY - 2002 TI - It's about Time: Temporal Structuring in Organizations SP - 684-700 JF - Organization Science VL - 13 IS - 6 SN - 10477039 N1 - It's about Time: Temporal Structuring in Organizations KW - organisational temporalities temporal ordering Rhythms communities of practice critique of discipline methodology Relevance: 2 Management N2 - In this paper we propose the notion of temporal structuring as a way of understanding and studying time as an enacted phenomenon within organizations. We suggest that through their everyday action, actors produce and reproduce a variety of temporal structures which in turn shape the temporal rhythm and form of their ongoing practices. A focus on temporal structuring, combined with a practice perspective, allows us to bridge the subjective-objective dichotomy that underlies much of the existing research on time in organizations. After developing the notion of temporal structuring, we illustrate its use in the context of a prior empirical study. We conclude by outlining some implications of temporal structuring for organizational research on time. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3086088 ID - 2043 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Orlove, Benjamin S PY - 2004 TI - Editorial: Identity, Temporality, and Moral Geographies SP - 1-2 JF - Current Anthropology VL - 45 IS - 1 SN - 00113204 N1 - Editorial: Identity, Temporality, and Moral Geographies KW - Identity multiple temporalities Human Geography Anthropology temporal conflict heritage Relevance: 3 Geography Morality N2 - Review of articles in issue UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/381017 ID - 257 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Orlowski, Hubert PY - 1996 BT - Epistemology and History ED - Zeidler-Janiszewska, Anna CT - Generationszugehorigkeit und Selbsterfahrung von (deutschen) Schriftstellern CY - Atlanta, GA PB - Rodopi B.V. T3 - Pozan Studies in the Philosophy of The Sciences and The Humanities SP - 497-508 N1 - Generationszugehorigkeit und Selbsterfahrung von (deutschen) Schriftstellern N1 - Philosophers Index N1 - Ovid Technologies N1 - German KW - generations Simultaneity shared past philosophy Relevance: 1 literature Karl Mannheim Asynchrony historical time history epistemology N2 - The article aims at reconstruction of the auto-diagnosis of two literary generations: (1) authors whose first publications appeared in the late 20's, and (2) authors who had their debut in the years 1960-1980. The notion of generation status is defined in reference to Jerzy Kmita's conception. The author approaches the category of "generation" in accordance with Pinder's and Mannheim's conception of "simultaneous nonsimultaneousness". According to it a "generation" is a community whose discriminating feature is not the objective historic time but the subjective experience of the community. Two aspects of generation status--common experience of history and common estimation of values and objectives--correspond with two different models of interpretation. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=prN6onRPk-UC ID - 179 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ost, Francois PY - 1998 TI - Du contrat a la transmission: Le simultane et le successif (From contract to transmission: the simultaneous and the successive) SP - 393-488 JF - Revue Philosophique de Louvain VL - 96 IS - 3 N1 - Du contrat a la transmission: Le simultane et le successif (From contract to transmission: the simultaneous and the successive) N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - political community futurity Political philosophy environment politics temporally extended responsibilities The future homogenising present political theory ethics homogenising present Separation from the past absence of future Simultaneity Relevance: 1 future generations generations N2 - Today the idea of extending the political community to future generations imposes itself. However, two major cultural obstacles render improbable the effective recognition of responsibilities towards the future inhabitants of our planet. On the one hand, there is the "contractualist" obstacle, which characterizes the dominant theories of justice at the present time, theories which conceive obligations only among subjects approximately equal and engaged in synallagmatic relationships of exchange, although what we are dealing with here is the enlargement of the ethical community to subjects to come, in regard to whom we are in an asymmetrical relationship. On the other hand, there is the "temporal myopia" of our era, which is translated both by amnesia in regard to the past and an incapacity to fit ourselves into a meaningful future. The present study is devoted to a discussion of these obstacles setting out from the idea of transmission. UR - not available ID - 169 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ostor, Akos PY - 1993 BT - Vessels of time: An essay on temporal change and social transformation CY - Delhi PB - Oxford University Press N1 - Vessels of time: An essay on temporal change and social transformation KW - social change social time Multiple temporalities in/commensurability between times methodology Method: comparative analysis temporal distancing inclusion/exclusion anthropology Relevance: 2 cultural variants of time time as symbolic resource time as all encompassing Modernization indigenous peoples N2 - This extended, penetrating, and elegantly structured and written essay is an exploration of time, conceptually, comparatively, and in different historical and social contexts. It opens with an exploration of time in different societies. Is time among the Salteaux, Balinese, Nuer, or Pitanjara similar or different? What of ancient India and China? What if we add medieval Europe and industrializing America? Immediately 'time' becomes problematic: is it a concept, a series of concepts, or just a set of measurements? How does one compare: are we sure we are dealing with comparable things. Most studies assume time to be axiomatically given, in terms of which other notions of time become different or non-existent; and are dissolved in other domains (social structure, economy, kinship, ritual). What becomes of the question of time (put in terms of an indigenous equivalent of a western concept, or-vice versa) when we ask who is doing the category construction, for whom, when, where? What is the purpose underlying the comparison? Is it an innocent study of temporality or a marker of progress, modernization, dependence? Half the essay is thus concerned with questions (theoretical, methodological, interpretative) of what is involved when we talk about time in different societies, Western and non-Western, in contemporary and historical contexts. The other half is thematically even broader with the addition of changes that have occurred over the past two centuries, leaving no society untouched. The author concludes, inter alia, that time in an anthropological sense is not a universal condition with a constant meaning throughout histories and societies, and that the anthropologist's task is to findways of comparing the differences, thereby opening cultures and traditions to each other in a more egalitarian way than was possible in the past. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=r7bZAAAAMAAJ ID - 731 ER - TY - CHAP AU - O'Sullivan, A. AU - Van de Noort, R. PY - 2007 BT - Archaeology from the wetlands: recent perspectives ED - Barber, J. ED - Clark, C. ED - Cressy, M. ED - Crone, A. ED - Hale, A. ED - Henderson, J. ED - Housley, R. ED - Sands, R. ED - Sheridan, A. CT - Temporality, cultural biography and seasonality: rethinking time in wetland archaeology CY - Edinburgh PB - Historic Scotland N1 - Temporality, cultural biography and seasonality: rethinking time in wetland archaeology N1 - cites relevant author KW - Archaeology ecology ecological communities Chronology methodology Relevance: 3 cyclical time change over time seasonal time Scotland U.K. europe N2 - Not available - from the text: Wetland archaeology is uniquely well placed to investigate questions of chronology, temporality, life-cycles and seasonality. Beyond the usual archaeological approaches to time (eg seriation, typology and stratigraphy), most wetland archaeological investigations have access to a ready supply of samples (ie wood, peat and organic deposits) for absolute scientific dating, particularly radiocarbon and dendrochronology. Indeed, the success of dendrochronology in revealing dynamic sequences of site and regional occupation, use and abandonment are well known. Investigating wetland archaeological sites, environmental archaeologists have used the evidence of insects' plant remains, seeds and even testate amoeba to establish the season, or months, of a site's occupation. Soil micromorphologists have carried out innovative studies of settlement deposits to reconstruct the chronological sequences of processes and events leading to their formation. In brief, wetland archaeology has become adept at calibrating past times. UR - https://eric.exeter.ac.uk/repository/handle/10036/29913 ID - 231 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Osuri, Goldie PY - 2006 TI - Imploding Singularities: For a Critique of Autoimmunity as Political Future SP - 499 - 510 JF - Social Semiotics VL - 16 IS - 3 N1 - Imploding Singularities: For a Critique of Autoimmunity as Political Future KW - philosophy inclusion/exclusion Deconstruction Derrida homogenising present war conceptions of time temporal complexity Multiple temporalities political time politics of time politics time as tool for political legitimation time as tool for managing percieved threats Relevance: 2 western imperialism time as all encompassing western imperialism Continental Philosophy N2 - This paper traces the resilience of Orientalist representations in contemporary political and popular cultural constructions of space and time. Derrida's deconstruction of universalist notions of space and time enables a challenge to these mechanisms. However, our contemporary political era in the context of the war between terrorisms is marked by an implosion of the Enlightenment concept of universal space and time and the attempt to negate multiple spacetimes. In this sense, Derrida's concept of autoimmunity appears to be a necessary theoretical tool in reading our political future in relation to wars between state and other terrorisms. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10350330600824474 ID - 495 ER - TY - ELEC AU - P.I.C. PY - 2011 TI - The Revolution of Time and the Time of Revolution: a Conference JO - Philosophy, Interpretation and Culture 21st Annual Conference N1 - Binghamton PB - Philosophy, Interpretation, and Culture at Binghamton University Y2 - 1st August 2011, 2011 N1 - The Revolution of Time and the Time of Revolution: a Conference Y2 - 1st August 2011 KW - Revolution politics political time The future temporal conflict imagined futures critical temporalities progress Repetition Asynchrony Break in time cyclical time timelessness Relevance: 2 Derrida futurity negri Agamben Deleuze Negri Philosophy literary theory cultural studies Becoming chronos/kairos Continental Philosophy N2 - What sense of time is produced through radical politics? Is the understanding of time as future part of a radical imagination? If the commitment to radical social change involves looking forward into the future, will that leave us with a sense of futurity that depends on the linearity of yesterday, today, and tomorrow? To interrogate the emergence of radical creations and socialities, we welcome submissions that theorize time as it relates broadly to politics, cultural conflicts, alternative imaginaries, and resistant practices. Time has historically been thought and inhabited through a variety of frameworks and styles of being. At times the present repeats or seems to repeat the past. There are actions that seem to take place outside of time, to be infinite or instantaneous. Theories of emergence view time as folding in on itself. Indigenous cosmologies and Buddhist philosophers put forward the possibility of no-time or of circular and cyclical time. The radical question of time is one around which the work of many scholars has revolved: Derrida on the to-come [a-venir] of democracy, Negri’s work on kairos, Agamben on kairology, Santos on the expansive notion of the present, Deleuze and Guattari on becoming. This heterological list is far from exhaustive, while hinting at the depth of the theme that our conference cultivates. A central political concern, time invokes our most careful attention and the PIC conference provides the setting for this endeavor. We must find the time for time. At its core, this conference seeks to explore the relationship between time and revolution. Time here may mean not just simple clock and calendar time but rather a way of seeing time as part of a material thread that can go this way and that, weaving together the fabric of political projects producing the world otherwise. Ultimately, the question of time fosters a critical engagement with potentiality, potency, and power; as well as with the virtual and the actual, of the to be and the always already. We seek papers, projects, and performances that add to the knowledge of time and revolution, but also ones that clear the way for new thinking, new alliances, new beings. Some possible topics might include: • Radical notions of futurity, historicity, or the expansive present.• Conceptions on the right moment of action.• The political reality of time as stasis or cyclical.• The colonial creation of universal time, and decolonial cosmologies of time.• Work on thinkers of time and revolution.• Work on potentiality, the virtual, and the actual.• Capital and labor time. UR - http://timeofrevolution.wordpress.com/ ID - 2018 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Pahl, Ray PY - 1984 BT - Divisions of Labour CY - Oxford PB - Wiley-Blackwell N1 - Divisions of Labour KW - labour time care work Task oriented time history gender relevance: 3 capitalism care work N2 - not available - from book review http://www.jstor.org/stable/27508771 The specific subject is that of the 'forms of work and sources of labour' within capitalism, especially in England. 'Work' and 'labour' are broadly and clearly defined, not merely as an exercise in semantics, but in order to critically re-examine and redefine that which 'we', especially 'we' who are economists and mainstream historians, take to be 'work', which is typically full-time and usually male wage-labour. Pahl broadens the definition of 'work' to encompass the range of people's employments?from women's and men's wage-labour, participation in the 'informal' or 'black' economy, to unpaid domestic labour, or as he rather more euphemistically calls it, 'self provisioning within the household'. The basic unit of study is the household rather than the individual. The book covers the history of work from pre-industrial Britain to the present, and integrally relates it to the history of the household. The author argues persuasively that a strict sexual division of labour did not prevail in pre-industrial society. Nor was there a dichotomy between the private, domestic sector and the broader public domain and economy. The boundaries overlapped and interrelated, as did the delineation between women's and men's work. Men performed housework and women played an essential role in production, including but not confined to household production. As industrial capitalism evolved in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, women's declining contribution to social and productive life was not the outcome of materialist imperatives alone. UR - not available ID - 822 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Paine, Robert PY - 1992 BT - The Politics of Time ED - Rutz, Henry J. CT - Jewish Ontologies of Time and Political Legitimation in Israel CY - Washington, D. C. PB - Americal Anthropoligical Association SP - 150-170 N1 - Jewish Ontologies of Time and Political Legitimation in Israel KW - Israel time as tool for political legitimation politics social time Multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 judaism political time Middle East conceptions of time N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=bIseAQAAIAAJ ID - 496 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Panelli, Ruth AU - Larner, Wendy PY - 2010 TI - Timely Partnerships? Contrasting Geographies of Activism in New Zealand and Australia SP - 1343-1366 JF - Urban Studies VL - 47 IS - 6 N1 - Timely Partnerships? Contrasting Geographies of Activism in New Zealand and Australia N1 - 10.1177/0042098009360226 KW - Geography Activism urban communities New Zealand Australia timeliness method: comparative analysis Short-term perspectives long-term perspectives Method: longitudinal analysis Methodology time and space community development Development politics temporal complexity multiple temporalities coordinating between different times Relevance: 2 time as missing element chronos/kairos Social capital N2 - Analyses of activism have inspired geographers for many years, but most of this work has focused on relatively short time-frames, events and struggles. This paper suggests that there is much to be gained from a greater engagement with issues of time and time—spaces. It outlines and applies the contrasting conceptions of chrono/chora and kairo/topos notions of time—space as potentially useful ways to interrogate geographies of activism. The paper focuses on two specific forms of activism—an Australian women’s ‘Heritage Project’ and a New Zealand ‘Fishbowl’ evaluation of a community development programme— to show how politics is contingent on diverse temporal as well as spatial conditions. It reveals the complex navigations that are made as these politics are negotiated via both mutual learning processes and the forging of new activist—state relations. It is concluded that these ‘timely partnerships’ have involved moving beyond adversarial conceptions of ‘state’ and ‘activist’, but at the risk of reconstituting activism as ‘social capital’. UR - http://usj.sagepub.com/content/47/6/1343.abstract ID - 964 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pappas, P. PY - 1967 TI - Time Allocation in 18 Athens Communities SP - 110-127 JF - Ekistics VL - 24 IS - 140 N1 - Time Allocation in 18 Athens Communities AN - ISI:A1967ZJ43100009 KW - Greece time allocation Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 841 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Parkins, Wendy PY - 2004 TI - Out of Time: Fast Subjects and Slow Living SP - 363-382 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 2-3 N1 - Out of Time: Fast Subjects and Slow Living N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04045662 KW - cities Deceleration of time food Acceleration of time critical temporalities coordinating between different times Rhythms Activism changing perceptions of time labour time leisure time families experiential time conceptions of time Relevance: 2 Agriculture N2 - Slow living involves the conscious negotiation of the different temporalities which make up our everyday lives, deriving from a commitment to occupy time more attentively. This article considers the significance of time in practices of slow living and the imbrication of time and speed in notions of ‘slowness’ where slowness is constructed as a deliberate subversion of the dominance of speed. By purposely adopting slowness, subjects seek to generate alternative practices of work and leisure, family and sociality. I will focus on the Slow Food movement as a significant manifestation of both the desire for and the implementation of slow living through a reconceptualization of time in everyday life. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/13/2-3/363.abstract ID - 908 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pasero, Ursula PY - 1994 TI - Social Time Patterns, Contingency and Gender Relations SP - 179-191 JF - Time & Society VL - 3 IS - 2 N1 - Social Time Patterns, Contingency and Gender Relations N1 - 10.1177/0961463X94003002003 KW - gender social time time scarcity Modernity Acceleration of time leisure time changing perceptions of time temporal conflict coordinating between different times labour time waiting Perception of time women's time social conflict temporal inequality relevance: 2 care work N2 - The general sense that we suffer from a `lack of time' seems to be indicative of modern culture. It also seems that, rather paradoxically, this lack of time is actually being offset by an increase in the time at our disposal: witness recent increases in leisure time (that is, time not spent in paid employment). This paper proposes to examine the contradictory effects of this development and to discuss the types of experiences which become possible once one has time to spare, i.e.: contingent experiences. There are two main questions to be considered here. First, is the perception of modern time patterns gender-specific? Second, do these different perceptions cause `time collisions' in gender relations? UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/3/2/179 ID - 721 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Pataki-Schweizer, K. J. PY - 1982 BT - A New Guinea landscape: Community, space, and time in the eastern highlands CY - Seattle PB - University of Washington Press N1 - A New Guinea landscape: Community, space, and time in the eastern highlands N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Relevance: 4 change over time anthropology Papua New Guinea N2 - not available - from review http://www.jstor.org/stable/2055504 This work is the fourth in a series of monographs resulting from the New Guinea Microevolution Project, an inquiry concerned with the genetic, phenotypic, and cultural diversification of a putative original community whose descendants in the eastern highlands of New Guinea constitute four ethnolinguistic groups. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=v-FoQgAACAAJ ID - 46 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Patel, Geeta PY - 2000 TI - Ghostly Appearances: Time Tales Tallied Up SP - 47-66 JF - Social Text VL - 18 IS - 3 N1 - Ghostly Appearances: Time Tales Tallied Up KW - history of changing perceptions of time cultural variants of time India social time Religion capitalism national time linear time identity gender embodiment nationalism narrative critical temporalities colonialism history postcolonialism Affect Relevance: 2 Hinduism christianity N2 - not available - from the text: Paradoxically enough, temporality can be said to have genealogies of its own. In what follows I trace the coimplications of Christian, Christian-secular, and Hindu temporalities in the capitalist production of the militarized Indian nation. Here the production of a linear past-present-future relation (linear even as it curves back through the past) requires certain forms of subjectivity: a farmer who establishes a rural-urban progress narrative; a domesticated insinuation into gender in which a woman desires and represents both timeless tradition and modern commodities. In this reading, I show the ways in which Hindu nationalist temporality relies on both missionary and secular-Christian times. At the close of the essay, I explore ways of narrating colonial temporalities differently, using the work of two historians. This, because in order to get to the before or the after of colonialism one must traverse it. Only through such narrations, and the affect that engenders them as painful, can substantive differences in subject positions become available. The questions that frame this discussion include the following: How can we think subjectivity through other possible times, given that subjectivities in the "modern" are inseparable from particular ways of narrating time? Is it possible to speak... UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_text/v018/18.3patel.html ID - 567 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Peeren, Esther PY - 2006 TI - Through the Lens of the Chronotope: Suggestions for a Spatio-Temporal Perspective on Diaspora SP - 67-77 JF - Thamyris/Intersecting: Place, Sex and Race VL - 13 IS - 1 N1 - Through the Lens of the Chronotope: Suggestions for a Spatio-Temporal Perspective on Diaspora KW - chronotopes literary theory Diaspora Migration time as missing element time and space Bakhtin social time time as symbolic resource inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 N2 - Within diaspora studies, the temporal dimension of diaspora for the most part remains subordinated to the element of spatial dispersal. This paper aims to theorize the inextricable linkage of space and time in the production and reproduction of diaspora consciousness through Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of the chronotope. The chronotope prompts a view of diaspora identities as predicated on a removal not only from a particular location in space and moment in time, but also from the particular social practice of time-space through which a community conceptualizes its surroundings and its own place in them. Diaspora then emerges as a particular form of doubled chronotopical interpellation, as a dwelling-in-dischronotopicality. UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/rodopi/tham/2006/00000013/00000001/art00006 ID - 2047 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perkins, Maureen PY - 1998 TI - Timeless Cultures: The `Dreamtime' as Colonial Discourse SP - 335-351 JF - Time & Society VL - 7 IS - 2-3 N1 - Timeless Cultures: The `Dreamtime' as Colonial Discourse N1 - 10.1177/0961463X98007002009 KW - timelessness Australia Indigenous Australians colonialism temporal distancing time as tool for managing percieved threats Multiple temporalities temporal conflict England language conceptions of time Relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion Asynchrony history indigenous peoples N2 - In Australia, dominant representations of indigenous culture portray it as attuned to a temporal awareness quite other than that practised by mainstream society. In the 19th century this supposed temporal `otherness' was often understood to be a timelessness, a total unawareness of time. This article suggests that, irrespective of any correspondence with actual indigenous beliefs, the construction of temporal difference was part of the 18th- and 19th-centuries colonial enterprise, and bore the marks of contemporary middle-class preoccupations. These preoccupations also shaped the reform of popular culture within England itself. An examination of attitudes to plebeian temporalities in England problematizes a purely transparent relationship between colonial terminology and indigenous culture. Use of the term `Dreamtime', for example, belongs to a long history of discussion about the nature of dreaming and its relationship to prophecy. Drawing connections between the marginalization of English popular belief and of Aboriginal culture lends support to recent analysis of the history of the word `Dreamtime' that has stressed its hegemonic role within a dominant language. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/7/2-3/335.abstract ID - 880 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perkinson, James W. PY - 2003 TI - Trancing Terror: African American Uses of Time to Trick the Evil Eye of Whiteness SP - 60-75 JF - Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions VL - 7 IS - 1 SN - 10926690 N1 - Trancing Terror: African American Uses of Time to Trick the Evil Eye of Whiteness KW - Religion USA critical temporalities race colonialism multiple temporalities relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion History timing western imperialism Visuality time as symbolic resource Slavery N2 - This essay engages the ideas of historian of religions Charles Long to examine the significance of African American work with creative uses of time and timing as a survival tactic inside the regimes of enslavement and racialization. The modern form of domination that has taken shape in the history of European colonization and imperial aggression has clearly elevated the disciplines and technologies of the eye as its modus operandi - nowhere more evident than in the emergence of racialization schemes as the primary form of social shorthand governing the on-going project of accumulation and control. The struggles of African heritage peoples in the "New World" against such have regularly interrupted the controlling monologue of the eye with ever reinvigorated and re-innovated polyphonies of the ear.The resulting consciousness is a primary modality of a profoundly religious creativity. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/nr.2003.7.1.60 ID - 281 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perry, Donna PY - 2000 TI - Rural Weekly Markets and the Dynamics of Time, Space and Community in Senegal SP - 461-486 JF - The Journal of Modern African Studies VL - 38 IS - 3 SN - 0022278X N1 - Rural Weekly Markets and the Dynamics of Time, Space and Community in Senegal N1 - JSTOR KW - Senegal Africa work time capitalism economics agriculture Anthropology rural communities neoliberalism Market time inclusion/exclusion Scheduling Routines time and space time use Relevance: 1 temporal boundaries continuity over time community stability N2 - This article examines reciprocal relations among Wolof small farmers in Senegal after the emergence of rural weekly markets (loumas) and the implementation of neoliberal policies in the 1980s. Contrary to the notion that markets are a force of social dissolution, new trading practices and free market policies have not weakened community relations among small farmer neighbours and kin. Rather, the spatial and temporal patterning of loumas has served to strengthen intra-community bonds. Farmers have, since the formation of loumas, limited their travel beyond their home zones. While at loumas they interact avidly with extralocal merchants, they have not allowed outsiders to settle permanently in local villages. Furthermore, because loumas occur only once a week, farmers continue to benefit from daily, multiplex interactions with one another. After analysing the spatial and temporal organisation of loumas, this article looks at specific examples of small farmers augmenting their economic security during a period of economic restructuration by innovating new modes of reciprocal exchange with one another. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/161707 ID - 67 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Perry, Tonya AU - Sims, Michele Jean PY - 2005 TI - Taking Time: The Power of Community and Conversation SP - 89-92 JF - The English Journal VL - 94 IS - 3 SN - 00138274 N1 - Taking Time: The Power of Community and Conversation N1 - JSTOR KW - education communication organisational temporalities time use time allocation Relevance: 2 time spent with community N2 - not available - introduction instead: For quite some time, I have contemplated the idea of community what it is and what it can be for teachers and students. For any teacher who is passionate about and thinks broadly of the literacy development of his or her students, forming and sustaining community in the classroom and with colleagues in and across school contexts is critical in improving literacy outcomes for students. I must confess that I am not a groupie by nature; I require and relish time spent in solitude. Nonetheless, whether my role was that of a daughter or a student, I recognize that I have always profited from "communities" who took personal interest in and advocated for my development. As an educator of more than twenty-five years, I can attest to the transformative power of teachers who make conscious decisions to form professional learning communities where they gather to work, think, problematize, and celebrate together, because in our profession, there is simply no substitute for creating and nurturing that particular type of collegiality. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/30046427 ID - 75 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pertierra, Raul PY - 1993 TI - Time and the Local Constitution of Society: A Northern Philippine Example SP - 29-50 JF - Time & Society VL - 2 IS - 1 N1 - Time and the Local Constitution of Society: A Northern Philippine Example N1 - 10.1177/0961463X93002001003 KW - Asia social time Postmodernism epochalism Newton time as natural standardisation time zones local time critical temporalities Rural communities Ritual action social cohesion social coordination continuity over time orientation within time Relevance: 1 Asynchrony N2 - Time is both an aspect as well as a constituent of our experience. Both as aspect and as constituent postmodernity is characterized by a distinctive attitude to time. The present interest in periodization and genre, the replacement of objective reality by the prevalence of the sign, in other words, the linguistification of the world can no longer be encompassed by Newtonian and naturalistic concepts of time. In an electronic age where local time is a sub-unit of London/New York/Tokyo time, the other no longer has its own time. This paper recaptures other times as exemplified in a rural community in Northern Philippines. The constitution of time in ritual and practical structures of action gives this community a coherence sufficient for its maintenance and reproduction despite the disruptive aspects of daily life. Whereas other times and other places use ritual to orient themselves in time, post-modernity has reinvented time to suit its needs. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/2/1/29.abstract ID - 868 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pfau, Michael PY - 2003 TI - Time, Tropes, and Textuality: Reading Republicanism in Charles Sumner's "Crime Against Kansas" SP - 385-413 JF - Rhetoric & Public Affairs VL - 6 IS - 3 SN - 1534-5238 N1 - Time, Tropes, and Textuality: Reading Republicanism in Charles Sumner's "Crime Against Kansas" N1 - Project Muse KW - USA Political theory rhetoric Timing political time cyclical time politics time as symbolic resource time as tool for political legitimation Relevance: 1 political community N2 - By focusing on civic republicanism as the "problem of time" and on the related critical concepts of "rhetorical timing," iconicity, and imitation, this essay theorizes a hermeneutic republicanism. In practice the essay treats Sumner's "Crime Against Kansas" as both a rhetorical confrontation with, and representation of, the republican "problem of time." The "Crime" is structured by organic tropes of political community and its organizing temporal themes systematically ebb and flow iconically to represent the life cycle of the republic within the life cycle of the textual performance. The essay concludes with ruminations on the role such a hermeneutic republicanism might play in ongoing scholarly debates. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/rhetoric_and_public_affairs/v006/6.3pfau.html ID - 95 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Phillips, Ruth B. AU - Phillips, Mark Salber PY - 2005 TI - Double Take: Contesting Time, Place, and Nation in the First Peoples Hall of the Canadian Museum of Civilization SP - 694-704 JF - American Anthropologist VL - 107 IS - 4 SN - 00027294 N1 - Double Take: Contesting Time, Place, and Nation in the First Peoples Hall of the Canadian Museum of Civilization KW - Museums Canada Anthropology national time indigenous Canadians indigenous peoples art Media narrative Modernity history relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: In a single review it is, of course, impossible to do justice to an exhibition that took 11 years to develop, that covers 50,000 square feet, and contains 1,500 objects, together with images, videos, sound recordings, and art installations. Rather, our aim here is to identify the First Peoples Hall’s major themes and narrative structures. We also examine in more detail several representative installations to assess the degree to which the hall constitutes a new departure for the museum. The changes that have occurred need to be understood both in terms of the National Museum of Canada’s modernist anthropological traditions and, more broadly, with reference to the epochal forces of reform that were at work in the Canadian museum world during the years that the First Peoples Hall was being developed. Finally, it will be important to assess the new exhibits in relation to the other representations of Aboriginal culture and history that visitors encounter elsewhere in the museum. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3567389 ID - 599 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pickering, Kathleen PY - 2004 TI - Decolonizing Time Regimes: Lakota Conceptions of Work, Economy, and Society SP - 85-97 JF - American Anthropologist VL - 106 IS - 1 N1 - Decolonizing Time Regimes: Lakota Conceptions of Work, Economy, and Society KW - Anthropology labour time USA task oriented time native American Critical temporalities Colonialism Relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion indigenous peoples capitalism changing perceptions of time labour time time discipline economics Assumptions about time obscuring x western imperialism N2 - One of the hegemonic forces associated with the spread of capitalism is a shift in the time sense of production from task orientation to labor timed by the clock. On the periphery of the global economy, Lakota households on the Pine Ridge reservation must make fragmentary allocations of time between clock-based wage jobs and task-oriented forms of production governed by social relationships. Despite a long and ongoing history of state policies designed to enforce the discipline of the clock, task orientation continues to dominate Lakota time-sense. Rather than active resistance to or internalization of clock time, Lakota practices flout time-values that interfere with the task-oriented demands of more materially certain, socially embedded economic activities. Lakota conceptions of time, born of their contemporary material conditions, are better understood when theoretical concepts of work and time are decolonized to remove the assumptions that emulating or opposing Euro-Americans is of central concern. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2004.106.1.85 ID - 498 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pickering, Michael PY - 2004 TI - Experience as horizon: Koselleck, expectation and historical time SP - 271 - 289 JF - Cultural Studies VL - 18 IS - 2 SN - 0950-2386 N1 - Experience as horizon: Koselleck, expectation and historical time Y2 - November 05, 2010 KW - cultural studies future futurity Karl Mannheim time as horizon history experiential time Acceleration of time temporal conflict modernity Separation from the past Relevance: 2 Communication time as symbolic resource Social coordination negotiation Social structure expectation historical time future orientation homogenising present changing perceptions of time Acceleration of time N2 - This article explores and develops the concept of the horizon as a figurative and analytical device used to negotiate the relations between experience, everyday life and historical time. Its central focus is Reinhart Koselleck’s application of the concept, though it also draws on the work of Karl Mannheim (through his distinction between conjunctive and communicative experience) and Raymond Williams (through his concept of structure of feeling) in order to add to and refine Koselleck’s use of the term in examining the temporal structures of experience and expectation. Our sense of historical time is generated through the tensions between experience and expectation, everyday life and social process. These are, of course, historically variable and contingent. During the course of modernity and late modernity, experience and expectation have become increasingly divergent. Their separation has profoundly affected how we think about historical time in relation to everyday life and the span of a generation and a lifetime. It also turns the conception of history as historia magistra vitae on its head, with modernity increasingly forced to fund itself ethically out of its own transient present. The article discusses the main aspects of these changes and how they have altered the balance between the space and horizon of experience and expectation. It attends both to the need to examine historical concepts in terms of their various meanings and implications, and to the ways in which the particular concept of the horizon can help illuminate the consequences of accelerating time in the conditions of modernity and late modernity. The diminution of historical understanding in relation to everyday life is seen as among the most serious of these consequences. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/0950238042000201518 ID - 499 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Pierson, Paul PY - 2004 BT - Politics in time: history, institutions, and social analysis CY - Princeton PB - Princeton University Press N1 - Politics in time: history, institutions, and social analysis KW - history political time method: dynamic rather than static politics events Processual social time social change Temporality of academic work Political science Sociology policy economics sequence method: longitudinal analysis Relevance: 2 organisational temporalities time as missing element critique of discipline N2 - This groundbreaking book represents the most systematic examination to date of the often-invoked but rarely examined declaration that "history matters." Most contemporary social scientists unconsciously take a "snapshot" view of the social world. Yet the meaning of social events or processes is frequently distorted when they are ripped from their temporal context. Paul Pierson argues that placing politics in time--constructing "moving pictures" rather than snapshots--can vastly enrich our understanding of complex social dynamics, and greatly improve the theories and methods that we use to explain them. Politics in Time opens a new window on the temporal aspects of the social world. It explores a range of important features and implications of evolving social processes: the variety of processes that unfold over significant periods of time, the circumstances under which such different processes are likely to occur, and above all, the significance of these temporal dimensions of social life for our understanding of important political and social outcomes. Ranging widely across the social sciences, Pierson's analysis reveals the high price social science pays when it becomes ahistorical. And it provides a wealth of ideas for restoring our sense of historical process. By placing politics back in time, Pierson's book is destined to have a resounding and enduring impact on the work of scholars and students in fields from political science, history, and sociology to economics and policy analysis. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=nVtptUoWuO4C ID - 2030 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pink, Sarah PY - 2007 TI - Sensing cittàslow: slow living and the constitution of the sensory city SP - 59-77 JF - Sense and Society VL - 2 IS - 1 N1 - Sensing cittàslow: slow living and the constitution of the sensory city KW - deceleration of time cities Affect Acceleration of time critical temporalities U.K. experiential time time as resource Method: ethnography Agriculture Relevance: 2 N2 - In 2004 Aylsham, Norfolk, became Britain's second Cittàslow Town (Slow City). Embedded within the slow living ideology of Cittàslow is the assumption that the "better" life it advocates involves heightened sensory experience and concomitant pleasure. In contrast to contemporary fast life, it wishes that "suitable doses of guaranteed sensual pleasure and slow, long-lasting enjoyment [may] preserve us from the contagion of the multitude who mistake frenzy for efficiency" (The Slow Food Companion 2005: 6). In the first part of the paper I analyze how the sensory elements of slow living are represented in the Cittàslow and related Slow Food movement's literature. Then, based on my ethnographic fieldwork centered on Aylsham's Cittàslow events and projects, I examine how the routine and creative sensory practices of the individuals who produce and participate in Cittàslow policies and activities are constitutive of a "sensory city." UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/berg/tsas/2007/00000002/00000001/art00004 ID - 711 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pink, Sarah PY - 2008 TI - Sense and sustainability: The case of the Slow City movement SP - 95-106 JF - Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability VL - 13 IS - 2 SN - 1354-9839 N1 - Sense and sustainability: The case of the Slow City movement KW - environment Sustainability cities Urban communities Affect Anthropology development embodiment Method: ethnography U.K. critical temporalities Perception of time changing perceptions of time acceleration of time Deceleration of time relevance: 3 N2 - In this article I draw on recent anthropological literature on the senses to propose a novel approach to sustainable local development. I suggest that attention to how the senses are engaged in both discourses concerning and corporeal experiences of sustainable urban development, can produced insights into how these processes operate. In developing the discussion I draw from examples from ethnographic research in British member towns of the Cittàslow (Slow City) movement. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13549830701581895 ID - 710 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pinkus, Karen PY - 2010 TI - Carbon Management: A Gift of Time? SP - 51-70 JF - Oxford Literary Review VL - 32 IS - 1 N1 - Carbon Management: A Gift of Time? M3 - 10.3366/olr.2010.0005 KW - climate change Derrida the gift deconstruction environment future generations generations future futurity open future unpredictibility literary theory Management Relevance: 3 long-term perspectives future orientation Assumptions about time obscuring x temporally extended responsibilities Continental Philosophy N2 - Rather than a radical realignment of energy sources or usage, ‘carbon management’ appears as unassailably practical; a gift to future generations. This essay calls on deconstructive and impractical thinking to dislodge the security of carbon management as inadequate to the chaotic and unfathomable temporality of climate change. UR - http://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/olr.2010.0005 ID - 500 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Plowfield, Lisa Ann AU - Wheeler, Erlinda C. AU - Raymond, Jean E. PY - 2005 TI - Time, Tact, Talent, and Trust: Essential Ingredients of Effective Academic-Community Partnerships SP - 217-220 JF - Nursing Education Perspectives VL - 26 IS - 4 N1 - Time, Tact, Talent, and Trust: Essential Ingredients of Effective Academic-Community Partnerships N1 - Google Scholar KW - Nursing community health temporality of academic work time spent with community organisational temporalities health care Relevance: 3 education N2 - Building strong partnerships between academic institutions and community health agencies requires a commitment to time, tactful communications, talented leaders, and trust. The essential elements of partnership building are discussed based on experiences of a mid-Atlantic nursing center, an academic health center established to provide care to underserved and vulnerable populations. UR - http://nlnjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1043/1094-2831%282005%29026%5B0217%3ATTTATE%5D2.0.CO%3B2?journalCode=nhcp ID - 112 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Pocock, J. G. A. PY - 1972 BT - Politics, language and time: essays on political thought and history CY - London PB - Methuen N1 - Politics, language and time: essays on political thought and history KW - Political philosophy politics Political theory history language turning points philosophy Relevance: 3 Historiography historical time N2 - In his first essay, "Languages and Their Implications," J. G. A. Pocock announces the emergence of the history of political thought as a discipline apart from political philosophy. Traditionally, "history" of political thought has meant a chronological ordering of intellectual systems without attention to political languages; but it is through the study of those languages and of their changes, Pocock claims, that political thought will at last be studied historically. Pocock argues that the solution has already been approached by, first, the linguistic philosophers, with their emphasis on the importance of language study to understanding human thought, and, second, by Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, with its notion of controlling intellectual paradigms. Those paradigms within and through which the scientist organizes his intellectual enterprise may well be seen as analogous to the worlds of political discourse in which political problems are posed and political solutions are proffered. Using this notion of successive paradigms, Pocock demonstrates its effectiveness by analyzing a wide range of subjects, from ancient Chinese philosophy to Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Burke. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=dKXgiK2nPuYC ID - 501 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Polt, Richard PY - 2009 TI - Time Fractured, Times Regained SP - 316-325 JF - Research in Phenomenology VL - 39 IS - 2 SN - 0085-5553 N1 - Time Fractured, Times Regained N1 - Philosopher's Index KW - Book review Heidegger Relevance: 3 narrative Science Multiple temporalities social time time as horizon Continental Philosophy N2 - Review of David Wood. Time After Time. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2007 - I explore David Wood's view in Time after Time (Indiana 2007) that neither science nor narrative provides a unified interpretation of time. We are left with a plurality of times: for Wood, different kinds of beings constitute different, though interrelated, "time-shelters" or "economies of time." Against Wood's claim that Heidegger abandoned time for much of his career, I show that time is an enduring concern for Heidegger. Heidegger begins with time as a transcendental horizon for being, moves to the event of appropriation as the founding of time and, finally, presents appropriation as a transtemporal ground of time and being. UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/rip/2009/00000039/00000002/art00009;jsessionid=4rflmoi5mnr2d.alice ID - 186 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Poppel, Frans Van AU - Gaalen, Ruben Van PY - 2008 TI - The Presence of Parents and Childhood Survival: The Passage of Social Time and Differences by Social Class SP - 105-134 JF - Kinship and Demographic Behavior in the Past VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1871-0395 N1 - The Presence of Parents and Childhood Survival: The Passage of Social Time and Differences by Social Class AN - WOS:000269767400005 KW - social time class Families The Netherlands Europe change over time Relevance: 3 children/youth kinship N2 - This study focuses on the effects on survival of children of growing up in a family with or without both biological parents and/or stepparents. We use data from a representative sample of births from cohorts born in the Netherlands between 1850 and 1922. We first describe the long-term trends in the presence of fathers, mothers, and stepparents in families of children between birth and age 15. We then study the impact on survival of children of (a) the permanent absence of one of the parents, and (b) the entrance of a stepparent, focusing on changes in the effect over time and social class. Our analysis confirmed the more important role of the mother for survival, and showed that more durable effects of parental absence grew in importance over time, and revealed hardly any observed social class differences on mortality effects. UR - http://www.springerlink.com/index/g88170020ukg0337.pdf ID - 789 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Popular Memory Group PY - 1982 BT - Making Histories: studies in history-writing and politics ED - Johnson, Richard ED - McLennan, Gregor ED - Schwarz, Bill CT - Popular Memory: theory, politics, method CY - London PB - Hutchinson N1 - Popular Memory: theory, politics, method KW - collective memory Memory methodology history critique of discipline Activism Method: oral history Method: autobiography cultural studies historiography politics Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: In this article we explore an approach to history-writing which involves becoming 'historians of the present too'. It is important to stress 'explore'. We do not have a completed project in 'popular memory' to report. We summarize and develop discussions which were intended as an initial clarification. These discussions had three main starting-points. First, we were interested in the limits and contradictions of academic history where links were attempted with a popular socialist or feminist politics. Our main example here was 'oral history', a practice that seemed nearest to our own preoccupations. Second, we were attracted to projects which moved in the direction indicated by these initial criticisms. These included experiments in popular autobiography and in community-based history, but also some critical developments with a base in cultural studies or academic historiography. Third, we tried, as in the case of all the articles in this book, to relate problems of history-writing to more abstract debates which suggested possible clarifications. What do we mean, then, by 'popular memory'? We give our own provisional answers in the first part of this essay. We define popular memory first as an object of study, but, second, as a dimension of political practice. We then look, in the second part, at some of the resources for such a project, but also sketch its limits and difficulties. These are discussed in turn and at more length in the third and fourth parts. They range from problems of theory and method to the social organization of research and writing. On its own this essay is incomplete in another way: though it sketches the field as a whole, it explores one side of the popular memory relation, the side nearest to oral history as a practice. The larger argument is extended, in important ways, in Chapter 7. Although this has a different authorship it grew from the same discussions. UR - http://xroads.virginia.edu/~drbr/memory.html http://books.google.com/books/?id=gMJWPgAACAAJ ID - 941 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Porta, Sergio PY - 1999 TI - The community and public spaces: ecological thinking, mobility and social life in the open spaces of the city of the future SP - 437-456 JF - Futures VL - 31 IS - 5 SN - 0016-3287 N1 - The community and public spaces: ecological thinking, mobility and social life in the open spaces of the city of the future M3 - 10.1016/s0016-3287(99)00004-x KW - cities Sustainability environment Planning imagined futures Methodology transport technologies change over time Relevance: 4 future studies N2 - The roots of the present crisis of public urban spaces in the modern and contemporary city can be traced back not only to the history of the early vision of the planning movement to which the city planning discipline dedicates much attention, but also to the history of scientific thinking, the measuring eye that all of us--specialists, administrators, intellectuals and citizens alike--have used on it from the 17th century up to the present day. Recognition of these roots allows us to distinguish the fruitful from the sterile among the many directions offered by the various projects for the city of today and the city of the future. In the recent emphasis placed on the concept of community--in the interpretation offered here--lies the basis and motivations of some of the most interesting guidelines for an in-depth study and really innovative approach to the problems of city traffic and the closely associated problems of the reappropriation of a social dimension of public space for the city of the future. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V65-3W7XBBH-3/2/fd25616c104571eeab006da2dcb82f99 ID - 968 ER - TY - THES AU - Porter, James Ewan PY - 2001 TI - Alternative temporalities of revolution in the work of Walter Benjamin and Luce Irigaray CY - Warwick PB - University of Warwick, Philosophy M1 - Ph.D. N1 - Alternative temporalities of revolution in the work of Walter Benjamin and Luce Irigaray KW - Revolution philosophy Benjamin Irigaray history critical temporalities historical time hegel nietzsche Adorno Agamben narrative social Change conceptions of time Relevance: 2 Agamben Continental Philosophy N2 - "Every conception of history is invariably accompanied by a certain experience of time which is implicit in it, conditions it, and thereby has to be elucidated. Similarly, every culture is first and foremost a particular experience of time, and no new culture is possible without an alteration in this experience. The original task of a genuine revolution, therefore, is never merely to ‘change the world’ but also - and above all - to ‘change time’." (Giorgio Agamben, ‘Time and History: Critique of the Instant and the Continuum’, in Infancy and History: Essays on the Destruction of Experience, London, Verso,1993, p. 91). In this thesis I will be looking at the work of Walter Benjamin and Luce Irigaray as two examples of different attempts to ‘change time’ in the sense given by Giorgio Agamben above. I will be arguing that both of these thinkers theorise this ‘genuine revolution’. I will also be arguing that there are useful parallels in their work which will help to bring about a more productive thinking of the temporalities of history and revolution. The first part of the thesis consists of a reading of Benjamin’s revolutionary philosophy of history and a study of the temporalities that emerge from his critique of historicism. This also involves an investigation into both Hegel’s and Nietzsche’s influence on Benjamin’s thinking of time and history. His relationship to Hegel is explored through the nature of the dialectic at work in Benjamin’s texts as well as through the interpretations of these texts by Adorno and Agamben. Nietzsche’s influence is traced through the theme of tragedy. I compare and contrast Nietzsche’s thinking of tragedy with Benjamin’s thinking of Trauerspiel, and show the various conceptions of historical time at work in these forms. The second part of the thesis is then a reading of what I take to be Irigaray’s revolutionary philosophy of history. UR - http://webcat.warwick.ac.uk/record=b1656849~S15 ID - 2016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Postill, John PY - 2002 TI - Clock and Calendar Time: A missing anthropological problem SP - 251-270 JF - Time & Society VL - 11 IS - 2-3 N1 - Clock and Calendar Time: A missing anthropological problem N1 - 10.1177/0961463X02011002005 KW - clock time calendars Anthropology Standardisation time zones time as missing element local time Malaysia Asia critique of discipline Relevance: 2 N2 - The spread of clock and calendar time (CCT) from the North Atlantic region to the rest of the world is an understudied phenomenon. The second part of this article, based on anthropological fieldwork, examines the successful localization of CCT in a semi-rural area of Sarawak, in Malaysian Borneo. Before that, the article critically assesses some of the main anthropological studies of time to date, highlighting their inattention to CCT and suggesting that CCT is a subject full of interdisciplinary promise. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/11/2-3/251.abstract ID - 891 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Postone, Moishe PY - 1993 BT - Time, Labor, and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx's Critical Theory CY - Cambridge PB - Cambridge University Press N1 - Time, Labor, and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx's Critical Theory CP - 18 KW - Marxism labour time power inclusion/exclusion critique of discipline capitalism industrialisation social theory Capitalism time discipline economics Relevance: 2 N2 - In this ambitious book, Moishe Postone undertakes a fundamental reinterpretation of Marx's mature critical theory. He calls into question many of the presuppositions of traditional Marxist analyses and offers new interpretations of Marx's central arguments. These interpretations lead him to a very different analysis of the nature and problems of capitalism and provide the basis for a critique of "actually existing socialism." According to this new interpretation, Marx identifies the central core of the capitalist system with an impersonal form of social domination generated by labor itself and not simply with market mechanisms and private property. Proletarian labor and the industrial production process are characterized as expressions of domination rather than as means of human emancipation. This reformulation relates the form of economic growth and the structure of social labor in modern society to the alienation and domination at the heart of capitalism. It provides the foundation for a critical social theory that is more adequate to late twentieth-century capitalism. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=GwDxsHOxd84C ID - 767 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Power, Sean PY - 2010 TI - Complex Experience, Relativity and Abandoning Simultaneity SP - 231-256 JF - Journal of Consciousness Studies VL - 17 IS - 3-4 N1 - Complex Experience, Relativity and Abandoning Simultaneity KW - temporal complexity Simultaneity Physics Method: dynamic rather than static experiential time Philosophy Multiple temporalities Relativity Theory static time Duration Phenomenology Relevance: 3 N2 - Starting from the special theory of relativity it is argued that the structure of an experience is extended over time, making experience dynamic rather than static. The paper describes and explains what is meant by phenomenal parts and outlines opposing positions on the experience of time. Time according to the special theory of relativity is defined and the possibility of static experience shown to be implausible, leading to the conclusion that experience is dynamic. Some implications of this for the relationship of phenomenology to the physical world are considered. UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/imp/jcs/2010/00000017/F0020003/art00011 ID - 716 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Prager, Jeffrey PY - 2006 BT - Time and Memory ED - Parker, Jo ED - Crawford, Michael ED - Harris, Paul CT - Jump-Starting Timeliness: Trauma, Temporality and the Redressive Community CY - Amsterdam, Netherlands PB - Koninklijke Brill SP - 229-245 N1 - Jump-Starting Timeliness: Trauma, Temporality and the Redressive Community SN - 0170-9704 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - sociology memory trauma forgiveness timeliness past in the present Synchronicity Asynchrony Separation from the past forgetting relevance: 1 N2 - This paper argues counter-intuitively that psychological trauma describes not an event in the past but a condition of the present. Trauma is a memory illness characterized by the collapse of timeliness, when remembering prior experiences or events intrude on a present-day being-ness. The social basis of traumatic remembering is defined: an a posteriori and critical remembering of those who, either because of their presence (as perpetrators) or their absence (as protectors) generate suffering. Trauma endures through time when, in the absence of a reparative community, no capacity is available to allow for closure of past events. If timelessness-the inability to demarcate past from present-is symptomatic of trauma, then traumas cure requires the jump-starting of timeliness, and timeliness depends on the existence of a community that colludes in the illusion of an individual's current day well being. How to restore to an individual the experience of the world's timeliness? The paper considers the conditions necessary for social redress, the restoration of community, and trauma's cure. Apology and forgiveness are described both as constitutive features of trauma's redress and as dependent upon the creation of a new liminal community (of apologizers and forgivers) whose members are temporally demarcated from the past. UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=ODqgja-FU10C ID - 53 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pratt, J. PY - 1990 TI - Crime, time, youth and punishment SP - 219-242 JF - Contemporary Crises VL - 14 IS - 3 N1 - Crime, time, youth and punishment KW - criminology children/youth U.K. europe England Wales critique of discipline change over time Relevance: 4 N2 - This paper examines current developments in the social control of youth crime and delinquency in England and Wales. It argues that the usual critical explanations of these developments, in the form of the dispersal of discipline or the social authoritarianism thesis are inadequate. Instead, it is suggested that the punishment has taken on a more effective and efficient format in the management of this problem group than either of the above would have made possible. UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/l453g6v1541655rh/ ID - 986 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pred, Allan PY - 1981 TI - Social Reproduction and the Time-Geography of Everyday Life SP - 5-22 JF - Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography VL - 63 IS - 1 SN - 04353684 N1 - Social Reproduction and the Time-Geography of Everyday Life KW - time-geography Geography Methodology social Change Belonging Trajectories future orientation Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: Amidst the cacophony of clashing conceptual, methodological, and philosophical perspectives characterizing present-day human geography, one new sound is beginning to be heard faintly, yet with increasing frequency and clarity. It is an appeal, to some an unappealing plea, for members of the discipline "to actively integrate human geography with social theory" (Thrift, 1981). It is a call for "human geographers to reverse their long-time dependence on conceptual impulses from other disciplines, and to move from critique to active participation in the theoretical debates and developments now occurring within the social sciences" (Thrift and Pred, 1981). In some of its more precise expressions it is an entreaty for human geographers to directly address that most central and challenging set of questions confronting all of the social sciences and history: the dialectic between society and individual; "the relation between the individual and the collective, one and many, subject and object, I and you, us and them" (Olsson, 1981); the "interplay between individual behavior and experience, the workings of society, and societal change" (Pred, 1981b; cf. Gregory, 1978, 1980a, 1980b; Olsson, 1980c; Pred, 1981a). Among all of Torsten Hägerstrand's considerable achievements, the greatest almost certainly has been his provision of a means by which we, as human geographers and human beings, can think about the world around us and the every-day content of our own lives and thereby begin to creatively contribute to the modification and elaboration of social theory. For time-geography, as developed by Higerstrand' and his Lund associates does not merely provide an extremely effective device both for describing behavior and biography in time and space, and for conducting accessibility constraint analyses. On the contrary, if one looks beyond the immediately apparent, one finds in Higerstrand's time-geography a highly flexible language and evolving philosophical perspective whose core concepts of path and project readily lend themselves to dialectical formulations concerning the individual and society.2 Those same concepts, when integrated with other frameworks, make possible a reinterpretation of many of the grand themes of social theory. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/490994 ID - 679 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Prior, Nick PY - 2011 TI - Speed, Rhythm, and Time-Space: Museums and Cities SP - 197-213 JF - Space and Culture VL - 14 IS - 2 N1 - Speed, Rhythm, and Time-Space: Museums and Cities KW - Rhythms time and space Museums cities Modernity Acceleration of time Virilio Simmel cultural studies multiple temporalities Benjamin temporal conflict time as symbolic resource relevance: 3 Deceleration of time N2 - This article assesses some potential approaches to museums and cities propelled by a theoretical preoccupation with modernity as a condition of speed. Here, one can extrapolate two variants in the writings and interventions of Marinetti, Simmel, Virilio, and writers in the postmodern tradition: (a) the museum is slow, it is a brake on modernity, it is modernity’s sedentary other and (b) the museum is fast, it is as quick as the city, reflecting modernity’s impulse toward acceleration. To finesse these approaches, the article will move toward the method of rhythmanalysis and an emphasis on time-space considerations. It is Lefebvre’s teasing last snippets on the concept of rhythm, the article will argue, presaged by Benjamin’s approach to the variant tempos of modernity in The Arcades Project, that point to a fuller and more advanced approach to urban-museological relations and the multiple rhythms that feature in both. UR - http://sac.sagepub.com/content/14/2/197.short ID - 994 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pronovost, Gilles PY - 1989 TI - Social Time SP - 1-98 JF - Current Sociology VL - 37 IS - 3 N1 - Social Time M3 - 10.1177/001139289037003005 KW - social time Sociology methodology temporality of academic work history of changing perceptions of time conceptions of time temporal complexity Multiple temporalities Aging class life course time reckoning time management Relevance: 2 N2 - Not available - from the text: At first glace it seems that time is a fleeting phenomenon, difficult to analyse, everywhere and nowhere at the same time...Even a quick review of the pertinant literature draws attention to the diversity of disciplinary perspectives for the study of time...Is it then impossible to construct a genuine sociology of time?...It is importatnt to begin by making a distinction between the temporal aspects implicity or explicity underlying the majority of sociological works, and those which take time as their object of study...the same remarks apply to sociological methods...our aim is rather ti present a synthesis of the sociological trandition which directly addresses the study of time, takes time as a primary field of research, or which suggests seminal ideas for the development of the sociology of time. Our approach is as follows: In the first chapter we will present an overview of early sociologists' reflections on the sociology of time...in the second chapter we will proposed a typology of the social conceptions and meanings of time in traditional societies, in the third.. the issue of the multiplicity and diversity of social times...in the fourth....a synthesis of knowledge about the diveristy of time patterns according to age group, life cycle and social class...the last chapter will be devoted to the measurement and management of time...a selective bibliography for each chapter can be found at the end of the issue. UR - http://csi.sagepub.com/content/37/3.toc ID - 727 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pronovost, Gilles PY - 1989 TI - The Transformation of Social Time in Modern Societies SP - 19-36 JF - Current Sociology VL - 37 IS - 3 N1 - The Transformation of Social Time in Modern Societies N1 - 10.1177/001139289037003004 KW - social time Sociology methodology temporality of academic work history of changing perceptions of time conceptions of time temporal complexity Multiple temporalities cultural variants of time Relevance: 2 N2 - in the second chapter we will propose a typology of the social conceptions and meanings of time in traditional societies, as as to be able to draw out the relativity of current conceptions of time when analysing the situation which prevails in contemporary societies. UR - http://csi.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/37/3/19 ID - 732 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pronovost, Gilles PY - 1989 TI - The Diversity of Social Time: The Role of Institutions SP - 37-62 JF - Current Sociology VL - 37 IS - 3 N1 - The Diversity of Social Time: The Role of Institutions N1 - 10.1177/001139289037003005 KW - social time Sociology methodology history of changing perceptions of time conceptions of time temporal complexity Multiple temporalities organisational temporalities temporal conflict leisure time families education Scheduling labour time Relevance: 2 N2 - not available - from the text: In the third chapter we will address the issue of the multiplicity and diversity of social times, since the sociologist is searching not for the time, but for various interconnected and often conflictual times. In this regard, we will have an important section on institutional time, i.e. that structured by leisure and cultural industries, and social institutions such as the family, school and workplace. UR - http://csi.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/37/3/37 ID - 733 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pronovost, Gilles PY - 1989 TI - Time and Social Class SP - 63-73 JF - Current Sociology VL - 37 IS - 3 N1 - Time and Social Class N1 - 10.1177/001139289037003006 KW - social time Sociology methodology history of changing perceptions of time conceptions of time temporal complexity Multiple temporalities class Relevance: 2 aging life course temporal inequality N2 - not available - from the text: In the fourth chapter we will present a synthesis of knowledge about the diversity of time patterns according to age group, life cycle and social class. In addition to the diversity of social time one must take into account a variety of situations and the importance of social inequalities with respect to time. UR - http://csi.sagepub.com/cgi/content/short/37/3/63 ID - 764 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Protevi, John PY - 1997 TI - Given Time and the Gift of Life SP - 65-82 JF - Man and World VL - 30 IS - 1 N1 - Given Time and the Gift of Life M3 - 10.1023/A:1004243526460 KW - Derrida the gift life course reproductive time Relevance: 3 philosophy continental Philosophy care work politics Aristotle N2 - “Given Time and the Gift of Life” explores the following nexus in Derrida’s thought: the gift, the mother, and life. The first section examines life within the trajectory of the gift, the excess of gift over return in the gift of life, and the rewriting of Aristotelian generation in “differantial species-being.” The second section shows the “quasi-transcendental” nature of Derrida’s thought. The conclusion sketches some of the political consequences of the gift of life thought as the quasi-transcendental gift of differantial species-being. UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/m116304574t11551/ ID - 502 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Pugh, Steve PY - 2002 BT - Handbook of lesbian and gay studies ED - Richardson, D. ED - Seidman, S. CT - The forgotten: A community without a generation - older lesbians and gay men CY - London PB - Sage SP - 161-182 N1 - The forgotten: A community without a generation - older lesbians and gay men KW - inclusion/exclusion Sexuality Queer temporalities generations Reproductive time Queer theory futurity life course Relevance: 2 Sociology families N2 - abstract for article not available... abstract for the collection: The creation of a new field of lesbian and gay studies over the past thirty years has been a fascinating project. This volume brings together key authors in the field in 26 major essays and provides a clear sense of just how much has been achieved. It is a guide to the state of the art, and invaluable for scholars throughout the world' - Ken Plummer, Professor of Sociology, University of Essex; and Editor of Sexualities `This book is unique in lesbian and gay studies. From politics to health, cyber-queers to queer families, the review essays in this volume cover all the important bases of GLB history and politics. The Introduction is a simple and accessible overview of the changing faces of theory and research over many decades. This book is bound to be an important resource in a burgeoning field' - Janice Irvine, Associate Professor of Sociology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst `The Handbook of Gay and Lesbian Studies, assembled by two leading theorists of sexuality, makes available more than two dozen new cutting-edge essays in gay studies. Essential for social science scholars and students of gay/queer studies' - David F. Greenberg, Professor of Sociology, New York University With this benchmark work, lesbian and gay studies comes of age. Drawing from a rich team of global contributors and carefully structured to elucidate the core issues in the field, it constitutes an unparalleled resource for teaching, research and debate. The volume is organized into 4 sections: · History and Theory This covers the roots of lesbian and gay studies, the institutionalization of the subject in the Academy, the 'naturalness' of heterosexuality, science and sexuality, the comparative sociology of homosexualities and the heterosexual/homosexual division. · Identity and Community This examines the formation of gay and lesbian identities communities and movements, 'cyber-queer' research, sexuality and space, generational issues in lesbian and gay lifecycles and the subject of bisexuality · Institutions This investigates questions of the governance of sexualities, lesbian and gay health, sexualities and education, religion and homosexuality, homosexuality and the law, gay and lesbian workers, homosexuality and the family, and lesbian, gay and queer encounters with the media and popular culture · Politics This explores the formation of the gay and lesbian movements, impact of globalization, antigay and lesbian violence, nationalism and transnationalism in lesbian and gay studies and sexual citizenship. The result is an authoritative book that demarcates the field, stimulates critical discussion and provides lesbian and gay studies with an enriching focal reference point. It is, quite simply, a breakthrough work that will galvanize discussion and research for years to come. UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=iSqGAAAAIAAJ ID - 948 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Purser, Ronald E. AU - Hassan, Robert PY - 2007 TI - 24/7: time and temporality in the network society CY - Stanford, Calif. PB - Stanford Business Books N1 - 24/7: time and temporality in the network society KW - networks Acceleration of time Agency action embodiment cinema Cultural studies Continuity over time time management online communities Presence Perception of time Changing perceptions of time Capitalism Critical temporalities organisational temporalities Clock time Relevance: 2 The internet N2 - New temporal perspectives in the "high-speed society" / Carmen Leccardi -- Network time / Robert Hassan -- Speed = distance/time : chronotopographies of action / Mike Crang -- Protocols and the irreducible traces of embodiment : the Viterbi algorithm and the mosaic of machine time / Adrian Mackenzie -- Truth at twelve thousand frames per second : The matrix and time-image cinema / Darren Tofts -- The fallen present : time in the mix / Andrew Murphie -- Stacking and continuity : on temporal regimes in popular culture / Thomas Hylland Eriksen -- Indifference of the networked presence : on time management of the self / Geert Lovink -- The presence of others : network experience as an antidote to the subjectivity of time / Jack Petranker -- CyberLack / David R. Loy -- Time robbers, time rebels : limits to fast capital / Ben Agger -- Finding time and place for trust in ICT network organizations / Hans Rämö -- The clock-time paradox : time regimes in the network society / Ida H. J. Sabelis. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=w8iK9eLnCIEC ID - 503 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Putnis, Peter PY - 2010 TI - News, Time and Imagined Community in Colonial Australia SP - 153-170 JF - Media History VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 1368-8804 N1 - News, Time and Imagined Community in Colonial Australia N1 - Google Scholar KW - Relevance: 1 Australia News Communication Colonialism Media history news timeliness periodicity international Relations history of changing perceptions of time changing perceptions of time technology time management time/space compression Acceleration of time homogenising present Shared present Synchronicity N2 - This paper discusses the changing temporal contexts of overseas news in Australia's colonial press. The history of overseas news – its timeliness, periodicity and its forms – is enmeshed in international communication history and, specifically, in the history of Australia's changing time/space relations with the rest of the world as new technologies, particularly the telegraph, became available. From the point of view of editors and publishers, these changing relations presented major challenges of time management. More broadly, these changing relations (often thought of as involving time/space compression) progressively altered the temporality of colonial engagement, both imaginary and real, with the rest of the world as knowledge of the ‘new’ came to be increasingly shared within common timeframes. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13688801003656082 ID - 137 ER - TY - ELEC AU - Puwar, Nirmal AU - Powar, Kuldip PY - 2010 TI - Noise of the Past N1 - London PB - Goldsmiths Univerisity of London Y2 - 1st August 2011, 2011 N1 - Noise of the Past Y2 - 1st August 2011 KW - historical time war Memory Communication generations inclusion/exclusion Cinema postcolonialism Relevance: 2 art sound N2 - 'Noise of the Past' - a poetic journey of war, memory and dialogue through two inter-related works. Noise of the Past is a creative engagement with post-colonial histories of war, principally funded by the AHRC. UR - http://www.gold.ac.uk/methods-lab/pastevents/noiseofthepast/ ID - 622 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Quinby, Rohan PY - 2011 BT - Time and the Suburbs: The Politics of Built Environments and the Future of Dissent CY - Winnipeg PB - Arbeiter Ring N1 - Time and the Suburbs: The Politics of Built Environments and the Future of Dissent KW - Cities Social Change USA Canada Urban communities Sociology Psychology Geography Standardisation Unpredictibility Relevance: 2 Urban communities critical temporalities homogenising present Multiple temporalities changing perceptions of time N2 - By combining provocative prose with photo-essay, Time and the Suburbs explores the disappearance of cities in North America under the weight of suburban, exurban, and other forms of development that are changing the way we live. Pointing to the complex experience of time in traditional cities, the book warns that our new suburban regions are the materialization of a homogenous and uniform experience of time that threatens the possibility of social change. UR - http://arbeiterring.com/books/detail/time-and-the-suburbs/ ID - 1023 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rader, Melvin PY - 1961 TI - Community in Time of Stress SP - 83-98 JF - University of Colorado Studies: Series in Philosophy VL - 2 IS - August N1 - Community in Time of Stress N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Dewey pragmatism Philosophy communities in crisis method: dynamic rather than static processual Temporal vs spatial communities non-homogeneous community power Shared future Shared past Relevance: 2 N2 - This article is a study of John Dewey's concept of "community." According to Dewey, the term refers to a process rather than a locality. Its roots are personal rather than abstract and impersonal. it is based on free mutuality rather than like-mindedness, and it excludes exploitation or one-sided domination. it is perpetually in the making, and the individual's commitment to it is not simply retrospective but dynamic and forward-looking. the function of the state should be mainly to integrate and augment the various techniques of free associations. science and technology should be reoriented and increasingly directed toward the cultivation of intimate groups and free, cooperative individuals. ID - 146 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Radu, Cosmin PY - 2010 TI - Beyond border-dwelling: Temporalizing the border-space through events SP - 409-433 N1 - December 1, 2010 JF - Anthropological Theory VL - 10 IS - 4 N1 - Beyond border-dwelling: Temporalizing the border-space through events M3 - 10.1177/1463499610386664 KW - Anthropology time and space borders becoming Method: dynamic rather than static Actor-Network Theory events politics methodology Relevance: 2 time as missing element processual political time temporal boundaries N2 - Drawing on the weak presence of problematizations of the spatial and temporal in some ethnographies of borders, this article advocates more attention to the border-space and ways in which it can be more effectively temporalized. It argues that it is not sufficient to recognize ‘space’ as an implicit characteristic of borders and advances an argument for seeing the border-space as ‘becoming’, in contrast to a largely agreed understanding of that space as ‘dwelling’. Using this distinction between two kinds of space with different possibilities of temporalization and politicization, the argument goes on with two theoretico-methodological scenarios for the border-space: the actor-network theory and Max Gluckman’s situational and processual analysis. It is argued that while the first imagines network and fluid spaces, coexistent with the regional ones, the latter offers a spatiotemporal genealogy of practices through events. Overall, the article opens a debate about seeing the border-space as ‘becoming’ by addressing a series of questions. Is the border-‘becoming’ a fully spatiotemporal politics in which the state is not necessarily a central actor? Is this mode of ontologization played in great part by events set at different scales useful to the anthropology of borders? UR - http://ant.sagepub.com/content/10/4/409.abstract ID - 504 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raghuramaraju PY - 2000 TI - Secularism and Time SP - 20-39 JF - Social Scientist VL - 28 IS - 11/12 SN - 09700293 N1 - Secularism and Time KW - secularism religion time and space philosophy normativity Relevance: 3 time as missing element N2 - Not available - from intro: Secularism is not only a matter concerning space, particularly the social space, but also time. It is not sufficient to treat the problem of secularism as a problem of space as it is equally a problem concerning time. At the outset let me clarify that I am not, at least here, using a metaphysical notion of time, nor am I privileging time over space. In fact, I would ask for conceding to time what is conceded to the space in the discussions on secularism. In attempting to discuss secularism from the point of view of time, I want to avoid discussion of secularism, that too from the beginning, from a normative point view. Discussion of norms without either logical rigour, or factual basis can become too unwieldy for a dialogue; or they generally tend to melt in the air. Instead, I would be interested in an exercise where these melted concepts are solidified, to use in reverse order Lenin's oft quoted remark, providing the firm basis for norms. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3518279 ID - 280 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ralph, Michael PY - 2008 TI - Killing Time SP - 1-29 JF - Social Text IS - 97 SN - 01642472 N1 - Killing Time KW - Senegal Africa postcolonialism Boredom Work time status inclusion/exclusion Critical temporalities generations political time time as tool for political legitimation Relevance: 3 Anthropology Method: ethnography neoliberalism children/youth N2 - This article explores a key trope of economic stagnation and chronic joblessness in postcolonial Senegal: the image of "lazy" young men in the public sphere. This civic and moral discourse is critical of young men who allegedly drink tea "all day." But this attitude elides the long history of youth protest against injustice, and excuses a state that has displaced the most strident critics of Senegalese neoliberalism by bribing them with overseas scholarships and government positions. This suggests that what some see as political and economic inactivity is manufactured through state-sponsored encadrement: techniques of trapping, quartering, and containing youth. UR - http://socialtext.dukejournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/26/4_97/1 ID - 279 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ram, Uri PY - 2000 TI - National, Ethnic or Civic? Contesting Paradigms of Memory, Identity and Culture in Israel SP - 405-422 JF - Studies in Philosophy and Education VL - 19 IS - 5-6 N1 - National, Ethnic or Civic? Contesting Paradigms of Memory, Identity and Culture in Israel M3 - 10.1023/A:1005211009924 N1 - Philosophers Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Israel nationalism temporal conflict time and space inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 1 Judaism Memory identity philosophy education coordinating between different times Democracy Multiple temporalities time as symbolic resource Middle East N2 - Zionist national identity in Israel is today challenged by two mutually antagonistic alternatives: a liberal, secular, post-Zionist civic identity, on the one hand, and ethnic, religious, neo-Zionist nationalistic identity, on the other. The older, Zionist, hegemony contains an unsolvable tension between the national and the democratic facets of the state. The post-Zionist trend seeks a relief of this tension by bracketing the national character of the state, i.e., by separation of state and cultural community/ies; the neo-Zionist trend seeks a relief of the same tension by bracketing the democratic nature of the state, i.e., by consolidating the Jewish ethno-national character of the state. The focus of the study is upon two dimensions of this unfolding cultural-political strife: the conflicting perceptions of time and space, and the ways they affect the perceptions of the boundaries of the collectivity, either in an inclusionary manner (the "post") or in an exclusionary manner (the "neo"). UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/v5u5105215372104/ ID - 178 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rao, Velcheru Narayana AU - Nārāyaṇarāvu, Vēlcēru AU - Shulman, David Dean AU - Subrahmanyam, Sanjay PY - 2003 BT - Textures of time: writing history in South India CY - New York PB - Other Press LLC N1 - Textures of time: writing history in South India SN - 00182656 KW - Postcolonialism India History temporal distancing Coevalness chronology narrative Relevance: 2 temporal distancing myth homogenising present Asynchrony Hinduism literature N2 - Along with the clock and the railroad, did the British colonists bring the questionable gift of history to India? Generations of Western writers have claimed that historical consciousness did not exist in India before its conquest by the British at the end of the eighteenth century, assuming that Indians in pre-colonial times were indifferent to historical fact and approached their past through myth, legend, and story. Nearly a thousand years ago, the great scholar Al-Biruni complained that, "unfortunately, the Hindus do not pay much attention to the historical order of things. They are very careless in relating the chronological succession of kings, and when pressed for information ... invariably take to tale-telling." Until now this had been the received wisdom of the West, repeated with little variation by post-colonial historians. Textures of Time sets out not merely to disprove that idea, but to demonstrate through a brilliant blend of storytelling and scholarship the complex forms of history that were produced in South India between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries. Through a nuanced reading of the rich language of folk epic, courtly poetry, and prose narratives, the authors reveal a subtle but distinct divide between fact and fiction in South Indian writings and make a clear case for the existence of historical narrative in precolonial India. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=ffFMJNa_jdwC ID - 264 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rau, Henrike PY - 2002 TI - Time Divided – Time United?: Temporal aspects of German unification SP - 271-294 JF - Time & Society VL - 11 IS - 2-3 N1 - Time Divided – Time United?: Temporal aspects of German unification N1 - 10.1177/0961463X02011002006 KW - Germany national time nationalism inclusion/exclusion Multiple temporalities temporal conflict labour time Method: ethnography changing perceptions of time relevance: 2 Asynchrony perception of time N2 - To illuminate the persisting division between East and West Germany, this article explores temporal aspects of East German culture and their impact on German unification. Arguing that approaches to GDR time in the contemporary literature border on oversimplification, the article focuses on different layers of time in East Germany. It also deals with possible time-related sources of conflict between East and West Germans, such as contradictory temporal work practices. On the basis of ethnographic and documentary evidence, the article argues that ordinary members of the German public may be more subtly aware of clashes in time cultures than this literature suggests. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/11/2-3/271.abstract ID - 892 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rawls, Anne Warfield PY - 2005 TI - Garfinkel’s Conception of Time SP - 163-190 JF - Time & Society VL - 14 IS - 2-3 N1 - Garfinkel’s Conception of Time N1 - 10.1177/0961463X05055132 KW - Sequence action Garfinkel individual time social time communities of practice Communication temporal ordering Relevance: 2 Social structure time as missing element N2 - Garfinkel articulates a significant conception of time - as situated and sequential - that works in tandem with his rendering of social order in terms of situated practices. However, because his treatment of the actor, action, group and time in situated terms differs significantly from more conventional theoretical approaches, critics have often mistakenly interpreted Garfinkel as focused on the individual, and indifferent to the significance of social structures, and their relations through time. What Garfinkel focuses on are practices, not individuals, and he argues that practices constitute the essential foundations of social structure. Given this view, the time dimension of practice is the significant time dimension for any study of communication and/or social order, which are both constituted in and through situations defined by mutual orientation toward practice. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/14/2-3/163.abstract ID - 913 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Raybeck, Douglas PY - 1992 TI - The Coconut-Shell Clock: Time and Cultural Identity SP - 323-340 JF - Time & Society VL - 1 IS - 3 N1 - The Coconut-Shell Clock: Time and Cultural Identity N1 - 10.1177/0961463X92001003001 KW - clock time identity Malaysia Asia rural communities in/commensurability between times coordinating between different times cultural variants of time conceptions of time Punctuality social cohesion temporal conflict Anthropology Relevance: 2 Asynchrony Solidarity time reckoning N2 - Kelantanese peasants of the Malay Peninsula maintain a traditional agrarian culture that treats time inexactly and as of less importance than many social considerations. Kelantanese are conscious of their lax treatment of time compared to western models and this consciousness furthers their awareness of their cultural identity. In addition to the issue of cultural identity, this paper examines those situations in which Kelantanese punctuality and temporal exactitude are regularly subordinated to social concerns, especially those having to do with the avoidance of conflict and the maintenance of village solidarity. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/1/3/323.abstract ID - 854 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reavey, Paula AU - Brown, Steven D. PY - 2006 TI - Transforming Past Agency and Action in the Present SP - 179-202 JF - Theory & Psychology VL - 16 IS - 2 N1 - Transforming Past Agency and Action in the Present N1 - 10.1177/0959354306062535 KW - Agency action Psychology Past in the present Memory critique of discipline Method: dynamic rather than static continuity over time identity time as tool for managing percieved threats Trauma Assumptions about time obscuring x collective memory time and space Relevance: 3 health care Bergson children/youth N2 - A weakness of contemporary forensic models of memory is their reliance on the belief that 'a chain of successive memories' creates a sense of continuity and stability in the self. This literal presentation of memory forecloses an attending to its practical use (in specific contexts and moments in time) and the subsequent ambivalences individuals experience when trying to make sense of past episodes of child sexual abuse. Drawing variously on Haaken, Campbell and Bergson, we use these approaches to call for a reworking of memory by inviting an engagement with its relational, practical and collective qualities. This paper examines these reworkings of the concept of memory and explores issues of social space, the localized contexts of remembering and the manner through which memories transform understandings of agency and action, with specific attention to how the past and present intertwine in regard to managing adult survivor identities. UR - http://tap.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/16/2/179 ID - 761 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reese II, William A. AU - Katovich, Michael A. PY - 1989 TI - Untimely Acts: Extending the Interactionist Conception of Deviance SP - 159-184 JF - The Sociological Quarterly VL - 30 IS - 2 N1 - Untimely Acts: Extending the Interactionist Conception of Deviance N1 - Course Outline - A Mische KW - Untimely Sociology Break in time Suspensions of everyday time criminology time as symbolic resource Action Meaning health care law morality normativity social time Relevance: 3 inclusion/exclusion N2 - Interactionists and labelling theorists have made actors central to a jointly constructed process of deviance. This article extends their arguments to the deviant act itself and suggests how uses and conceptions of time and temporality distinguish deviant acts from routine or other unconventional acts. It treats time systematically in relation to designations of deviance by, first, correlating timing with temporal structures; second, comparing and contrasting deviant acts with untoward and anomalous acts; third, discussing nine temporal dimensions involved in the construction of deviant acts by illustrating how diagnosticians identify problematic drinking; fourth, elaborating the use of these dimensions to deviance in general and to issues of legal and "universal wrongs" which imply a negotiated moral order in modern society. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4120687 ID - 558 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reynolds, Jack PY - 2010 TI - Derrida, friendship and the transcendental priority of the ‘untimely’ SP - 663-676 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 36 IS - 6 N1 - Derrida, friendship and the transcendental priority of the ‘untimely’ N1 - 10.1177/0191453710366214 KW - Derrida Friendship break in time Untimely Philosophy politics Aristotle Affect habits embodiment coordinating between different times temporal conflict Relevance: 3 Husserl Continental Philosophy N2 - This article examines Derrida’s insistence on the contretemps that breaks open time, paying particular attention to Politics of Friendship and the way in which this book envisages the ‘untimely’ as both interrupting, and making possible, friendship. Although I suggest that Derrida’s temporal deconstruction of the Aristotelian distinction between utility and ‘perfect’ friendships is convincing, I also argue that Derrida’s own account of friendship is itself touched by time, in the peculiar sense of ‘touched’ that connotes affected and wounded. Derrida’s work instantiates what Husserl might call a transcendental pathology, in that it intermittently instantiates an ethics of non-presentist time (the time which is also the transcendental condition for the event of friendship), and, by contrast, disparages the significance of what we might call an ethics of phronesis, a ‘lived’ friendship of ‘omni-temporal’ dispositions, and embodied and habitual patterns. I end this article by proposing a dialectic between the disjunctive and conjunctive aspects of time that does not accord any kind of a priori privilege to the one over the other. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/content/36/6/663.abstract ID - 926 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reynolds, Terry Ray AU - Lamphere, Louise AU - Cook, Cecil E., Jr. PY - 1967 TI - Time, Resources, and Authority in a Navaho Community SP - 188-199 JF - American Anthropologist VL - 69 IS - 2 SN - 00027294 N1 - Time, Resources, and Authority in a Navaho Community N1 - JSTOR KW - Anthropology change over time native American indigenous peoples continuity over time relevance: 3 N2 - Social units in the Rimrock Navaho community are examined to support the thesis that variation in Navaho social organization is part of an integrated system operating in accordance with consistent principles. These units are defined, and it is shown how they are related to one another through processes of formation, growth, and fission. Changes over time in the composition of social units and in their spatial distribution are related to the control and transmission of economic resources. It is suggested that the matrilineal system of the Navaho differs from societies with large, corporate matrilineages. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/669434 ID - 73 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rezsohaz, Rudolf PY - 1972 TI - The concept of social time: Its role in development SP - 26-36 JF - International Social Science Journal VL - 24 IS - 1 SN - 0020-8701 N1 - The concept of social time: Its role in development AN - WOS:A1972M813200002 KW - social time Development Sociology social Change changing perceptions of time conceptions of time cultural variants of time Progress Methodology history Relevance: 2 N2 - not available - from the text: ...In a recently published book I have dealt precisely with the question of how the various factors in the development process, chiefly of an economic and cultural nature, actually fit into development (this being the major form taken today by social change). However in order to avoid a maze of theoretical generalisations, I have confined my study to the relationship between growth and one cultural factor, social time. What are the changes in temporal conceptions and behaviour which precede economic development and help to set it in motion? How are they induced? and what are the temporal changes which are brought about during, and as a result of, economic development? It was impossible for me to answer these questions without first investigating the relationships between the different dimensions of the concept of social time and the different elements in the progress of growth, taking as a framework the most significant social relations...at the present time in countires at different stages of development, and in the past, over the history of a single society... UR - http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0000/000025/002582eo.pdf ID - 811 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rhee, Mooweon PY - 2007 TI - The Time Relevance of Social Capital SP - 367-389 JF - Rationality and Society VL - 19 IS - 3 N1 - The Time Relevance of Social Capital N1 - 10.1177/1043463107080451 KW - social capital networks Class Method: surveys Technology change over time organisational temporalities Management Relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion Method: social network analysis N2 - This article examines how the time relevance of social capital from social networks affects upward mobility. An analysis of survey data from 229 employees in a high-technology workplace shows that the effects of position-related networks (measured by network size and density) on promotion are affected by the temporal distribution of ties (measured by whether a tie was formed before or after an employee's positional change), while the effects of person-related networks are insensitive to temporal effects. The results support a necessary emphasis on the time-contingent value of social capital. I conclude with a discussion of the implications of the findings for organization theories and network theories. UR - http://rss.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/19/3/367 ID - 740 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Ricoeur, Paul PY - 2004 BT - Memory, History, Forgetting CY - London and Chicago PB - University of Chicago Press N1 - Memory, History, Forgetting KW - Collective memory history forgetting events Asynchrony narrative Perception of time Phenomenology Philosophy Knowledge temporality of academic work Relevance: 2 invention of tradition Aristotle Kant Halbwachs Responsibility Ricoeur N2 - Why do major historical events such as the Holocaust occupy the forefront of the collective consciousness, while profound moments such as the Armenian genocide, the McCarthy era, and France's role in North Africa stand distantly behind? Is it possible that history "overly remembers" some events at the expense of others? A landmark work in philosophy, Paul Ricoeur's Memory, History, Forgetting examines this reciprocal relationship between remembering and forgetting, showing how it affects both the perception of historical experience and the production of historical narrative. Memory, History, Forgetting, like its title, is divided into three major sections. Ricoeur first takes a phenomenological approach to memory and mnemonical devices. The underlying question here is how a memory of present can be of something absent, the past. The second section addresses recent work by historians by reopening the question of the nature and truth of historical knowledge. Ricoeur explores whether historians, who can write a history of memory, can truly break with all dependence on memory, including memories that resist representation. The third and final section is a profound meditation on the necessity of forgetting as a condition for the possibility of remembering, and whether there can be something like happy forgetting in parallel to happy memory. Throughout the book there are careful and close readings of the texts of Aristotle and Plato, of Descartes and Kant, and of Halbwachs and Pierre Nora. A momentous achievement in the career of one of the most significant philosophers of our age, Memory, History, Forgetting provides the crucial link between Ricoeur's Time and Narrative and Oneself as Another and his recent reflections on ethics and the problems of responsibility and representation. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=RoVbjzBQXTUC ID - 951 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rigney, Ann PY - 2011 TI - Embodied Communities: Commemorating Robert Burns, 1859 SP - 71-101 JF - Representations VL - 115 IS - 1 SN - 07346018 N1 - Embodied Communities: Commemorating Robert Burns, 1859 KW - literature Communication Technology history Shared present Commemorative events nationalism Simultaneity Anderson Relevance: 2 embodiment Suspensions of everyday time Memory N2 - The centenary celebrations of Robert Burns on January 25, 1859, took the form of more than eight hundred meetings across the English-speaking world at which participants celebrated both the memory of the poet and, especially through the use of the telegraph, their own present-day inter-connectedness. This article situates this extraordinary event within the larger context of the nineteenth-century culture of artistic commemorations and uses the case to critically reexamine the view of literature's role in nation building that has been generally accepted since Anderson's influential Imagined Communities (1983). UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/rep.2011.115.1.71 ID - 2013 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Robert, L. Colson PY - 2011 TI - Arresting Time, Resisting Arrest: Narrative Time and the African Dictator in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Wizard of the Crow SP - 133-153 JF - Research in African Literatures VL - 42 IS - 1 SN - 1527-2044 N1 - Arresting Time, Resisting Arrest: Narrative Time and the African Dictator in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Wizard of the Crow N1 - Project Muse KW - literary theory narrative politics transnational multiple temporalities Africa non-homogeneous community critical temporalities power Relevance: 1 N2 - This essay argues that the form of Ngũgĩ wa Thiongo’s Wizard of the Crow challenges the Ruler’s hegemony. In my analysis, the novel’s narrators and Ngũgĩ’s inventive use of rumor, prolepsis, and metalepsis work to create pluralistic modes of community that counteract the autocratic, repressive politics of the novel’s dictator. This analysis adds a distinctively political dimension to the work of narrative theorists like Gérard Genette, Mark Currie, and Brian Richardson, reading the distinctive feature of multiple narrators or proleptic rumors in the novel as signs of resistance. These formal features of the novel present a discursive challenge to the authority of the Ruler. This discursive challenge to authority is significant because the dictator’s power is exercised through the power to speak and shape the world to his own ends. These features of Ngũgĩ’s novel mark a development in the transnational genre of the dictator novel. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/research_in_african_literatures/v042/42.1.colson.html ID - 96 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Roche, Maurice PY - 2003 TI - Mega-events, Time and Modernity: On Time Structures in Global Society SP - 99-126 JF - Time & Society VL - 12 IS - 1 N1 - Mega-events, Time and Modernity: On Time Structures in Global Society N1 - 10.1177/0961463X03012001370 KW - Commemorative events Modernity globalisation periodicity social time Synchronicity Sports events international Relations Relevance: 2 global present public and private time time as symbolic Suspensions of everyday time N2 - This article addresses the relation between `mega-events' and time in modern society. `Mega-events', or international cultural and sport events such as the Olympic Games and World's Fairs, have an `extra-ordinary' status by virtue of their very large scale and their periodicity. Mega-event genres have had an enduring mass popularity in modernity since their creation in the late 19th century and continue to do so in a period of globalization. Drawing on recent analysis of mega-events the article suggests that this popularity derives from the significant positive and adaptive roles they continue to play in relation to the interpersonal and public structuring of time. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/12/1/99.abstract ID - 894 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rodemeyer, Lanei M PY - 2006 BT - Intersubjective temporality: it's about time CY - Dordrecht, The Netherlands PB - Springer N1 - Intersubjective temporality: it's about time SN - 978-1-4020-4213-3 978-90-481-7075-3 KW - Husserl Phenomenology Philosophy social time Continental Philosophy intersubjectivity Relevance: 3 N2 - This book contains phenomenological analyses of each dimension of temporalizing consciousness, turning primarily to Husserl's later manuscripts on time. From these manuscripts, the author takes up certain important notions heretofore generally neglected by the secondary literature in Husserl scholarship, such as "near" and "far" retention, and "world-time". Integrating a consideration of intersubjective existence, the author suggests that the notion of "intersubjective temporality" might be a more appropriate way to understand the foundation of the subject understood phenomenologically. UR - http://www.springer.com/philosophy/philosophical+traditions/book/978-1-4020-4213-3 ID - 506 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rodríguez, Sylvia PY - 1998 TI - Fiesta Time and Plaza Space: Resistance and Accommodation in a Tourist Town SP - 39-56 JF - The Journal of American Folklore VL - 111 IS - 439 SN - 00218715 N1 - Fiesta Time and Plaza Space: Resistance and Accommodation in a Tourist Town KW - commemorative events Heritage Relevance: 2 identity USA suspensions of everyday time folklore tourism Ritual invention of tradition power meaning N2 - This article describes the Taos, New Mexico, summer fiesta of Santiago and Santa Ana as a living ritual event and considers the voices of participants and opponents of the festival. My analysis shows how the fiesta enacts collective and individual identities while staging a moment of communitas. This invented tradition expresses resistance as well as accommodation to the conditions and structures of power within which the celebration takes place and constructs meaning. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/541319 ID - 304 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rogaly, Ben AU - Taylor, Becky PY - 2009 BT - Moving Histories of Class and Community: Identity, place and Belonging in Contemporary England CY - London PB - Palgrave N1 - Moving Histories of Class and Community: Identity, place and Belonging in Contemporary England KW - class history identity U.K. England Method: dynamic rather than static home change over time relevance: 3 Belonging Mobility across communities Migration Method: oral history Affect N2 - White working class areas are often seen as entrenched and immobile, threatened by the arrival of 'outsiders'. This major new study of class and place since 1930 challenges accepted wisdom, demonstrating how emigration as well as shorter distance moves out of such areas can be as suffused with emotion as moving into them. Both influence people's sense of belonging to the place they live in. Using oral histories from residents of three social housing estates in Norwich, England, the book also tells stories of the appropriation of and resistance to state discoruses of community; and of ambivalent, complex and shifting class relations and identities. Material poverty has been a constant in the area, but not for all residents, and being classed as 'poor' is an identity that some actively resist. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=NRgSTwEACAAJ ID - 942 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Romanow, Rebecca Fine PY - 2006 BT - The postcolonial body in queer space and time CY - Newcastle PB - Cambridge Scholars Publishing N1 - The postcolonial body in queer space and time KW - Queer temporalities postcolonialism literature Continental Philosophy Relevance: 2 Critical temporalities western imperialism life course U.K. Diaspora embodiment normativity race Gender Sexuality Subjectivity foucault Deleuze Negri Bhabha Agamben Halberstam Queer theory Migration N2 - The Postcolonial Body in Queer Space and Time examines the ways in which the notion of the postcolonial correlates to Judith Halberstam's idea of queer space and time, the non-normative path of Western lifestyles and hegemonies. Emphasizing authors from Africa and Southeast Asia in the diaspora in London from the mid-1960s through 1990, the reading of both postcolonial lands and subjects as "queer counterproductive" space reveals a depiction of bodies in these texts as located in and performing queer space and time, redefining and relocating the understanding of the postcolonial.The first wave of postcolonial literature produced by diasporics presents the body as the site where the non-normative is performed, revealing the beginnings of a corporeal resistance to the re-colonization of the diasporic individual residing in England from the Wilson through the Thatcher regimes. This study emphasizes the ways in which early postcolonial literature embodies and encounters the topics of race, gender and sexuality, proving that a rejection of subjectifying processes through the representation of the body has always been present in diasporic postcolonial literature. Reading through postcolonial theory as well as the works of Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari, Hardt and Negri, Homi Bhabha, and Giorgio Agamben, as well as Halberstam and queer theory, The Postcolonial Body in Queer Space and Time discusses the poetry and journals of Arthur Nortje, Hanif Kureishi's The Buddha of Suburbia and his film Sammy and Rosie Get Laid, and Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North, tracing a geographic arc from homeland to London to the return to the homeland, traveling through the queer space and time of the postcolonial. UR - http://www.c-s-p.org/flyers/9781847180261-sample.pdf ID - 321 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rose, Deborah Bird PY - 1992 BT - Dingo Makes Us Human CY - Cambridge PB - Cambridge University Press N1 - Dingo Makes Us Human KW - Anthropology method: ethnography indigenous Australians Australia indigenous peoples environment history Relevance: 3 coordinating between different times western imperialism cultural variants of time knowledge colonialism kinship Social justice N2 - This original ethnography brings indigenous people's stories into conversations around troubling questions of social justice and environmental care. Deborah Bird Rose lived for two years with the Yarralin community in the Northern Territory's remote Victoria River Valley. Her engagement with the people's stories and their action in the world leads her to this analysis of a multi-centred poetics of life and land. The book speaks to issues that are of immediate and broad concern today: traditional ecological knowledge, kinship between humans and other living things, colonising history, environmental history, and sacred geography. Now in paperback, this award-winning exploration of the Yarralin people is available to a whole new readership. The boldly direct and personal approach will be illuminating and accessible to general readers, while also of great value to experienced anthropologists. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=3GI4AAAAIAAJ ID - 508 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rose, Deborah Bird PY - 2000 TI - To dance with time: A Victoria River Aboriginal study SP - 287-296 JF - The Australian Journal of Anthropology VL - 11 IS - 3 N1 - To dance with time: A Victoria River Aboriginal study KW - indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Australia music Rhythms perception of time ecology dance social time Affect Ritual Becoming Relevance: 2 Anthropology N2 - Drawing on research with Aboriginal people in the Victoria River District of Australian, this paper explores time in patterns of motion and pause. Taking Cath Ellis's insight that some Aboringal muscians possses a faculty of 'perfect time', and that the meshing of rhythms and other patterns in music has the effect of altering perceptions and understandings of time, I explore rhythmic patterns in four domains - nomodology, ecology, dance and cosmology. I suggest that the cosmogonic and temporal effects of rhythm in motion are capable of becoming performative events becuase they link the rhythms of ecological, social and ritual domains. Such events implicate the ephemeral motion and temporality of the world in a continuing flow of becoming, and implicate the continuity of flow in the actions of the ephemeral. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1835-9310.2000.tb00044.x/abstract ID - 509 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rose, Deborah Bird PY - 2004 BT - Reports from a wild country : ethics for decolonisation CY - Sydney PB - University of New South Wales Press N1 - Reports from a wild country : ethics for decolonisation N1 - S 325.30994/1 A KW - history Benjamin death & dying colonialism ethics Australia Indigenous Australians environment Communities in crisis Capitalism Progress social change Sustainability Nature Identity Critical temporalities Philosophy Anthropology Modernity Relevance: 3 indigenous peoples Forgiveness Levinas N2 - Explores some of Australia’s major ethical challenges. Written in the midst of rapid social and environmental change and in a time of uncertainty and division, it offers powerful stories and arguments for ethical choice and commitment. The focus is on reconciliation between Indigenous and ‘Settler’ peoples, and with nature. Review by Val Plumwood: http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/AHR/archive/Issue-August-2007/EcoHumanities/Plumwood02.html If our species does not survive the ecological crisis, it will probably be due to our failure to imagine and work out new ways to live with the earth, to rework ourselves and our high energy, high-consumption, and hyper-instrumental societies adaptively. We struggle to adjust because we're still largely trapped inside the enlightenment tale of progress as human control over a passive and 'dead' nature that justifies both colonial conquests and commodity economies. The real threat is not so much global warming itself, which there might still be a chance to head off, as our own inability to see past the post-enlightenment energy, control and consumption extravaganza we so naively identify with the good, civilised life to a sustainable form of human culture. The time of Homo reflectus , the self-critical and self-revising one , has surely come. Homo faber, the thoughtless tinkerer, is clearly not going to make it. We will go onwards in a different mode of humanity, or not at all. This is where studies of Indigenous culture can be so helpful, challenging the conceptual blockages that keep our minds closed to options for change. Reports from a Wild Country is a marvellous contribution to the key area of culture and sustainability, as a profound and important account of alternatives to western modernity that are highly relevant to our current plight. Deborah Bird Rose, long-time student and friend of the Yarralin people of the Victoria River country, outlines a project that is dialogical and recuperative, humble, one that 'seeks glimpses of illumination, and aims towards engagement and disclosure'. Nevertheless, Rose's sophisticated and skilful philosophical analysis of conceptual frameworks of time, country, life and death shows that Indigenous concepts of human identity allow forms of ecological respect, restraint and recognition the dominant culture has lost sight of or never achieved. There are those who deny that Indigenous culture has anything of value to tell us about ecological adaptation, while others can only see learning in terms of 'stealing' Indigenous power, ideas or identity. Rose steers a helpful and well-judged course between various such hazards that threaten the project. She notes that settlers can be attracted to Indigenous ideas for instrumental reasons that subtly continue the pattern of exploitation. But Rose does not follow the fashion for dismissing all desire to learn from Indigenous culture as 'appropriation', a mere cynical ploy designed to allow settlers to avoid acknowledging the wrongs we have done. The reader is never spared the hard knowledge of those wrongs, that settlers are here in this land through dispossession and death, 'Settler societies are brought into being through invasion: death and silence pervade and gird the whole project' (p. 58). But this hard knowledge is balanced with the promise that the respectful seeker can learn much, not least about our own sources of violence, indifference and endless deferral to the future. The ground itself, Rose says, holds traces not only of our damage but also of better possibilities (p. 8). The opening chapters of the book's first section establish the philosophical framework, and the main themes -- resilience, violence, counter-modernity, time and death. These themes are discussed in the light of an ethics of connection based on feminist thought and on the work of Levinas (p. 24), in which life with others is inherently tangled in responsibility, and indifference to or justification of the suffering of others is at the root of all immorality. Rose adds 'Our Australian context presses us to consider not only the justification of others' pain but the denial of it as well' (p. 14) A fascinating chapter illuminates the master western narrative of progress naturalised in our concepts of time and economy, what Bauman calls the calculus of progress, in which 'present distress can be claimed to be leading towards, and be justified by, a more perfect future'. The pervasively future-orientated societies of the west define an ontological break that determines that the past is finished (p. 17). For example, the major ontological disjunctive moment for Christians consists of the birth, death and resurrection of Christ, transfiguring the conditions of life on earth for believers. Rose's argument is that western colonising practice 'replicates this pattern as the foundational template for frontier time, space and action' (p. 59) – Year Zero -- a framework that discounts those who came before and fosters ingratitude and delusions of disconnection. Indigenous society, by contrast, has a basic orientation towards origins (p. 55) rather than towards a future state. The implications of this are profound. Far from the past, the Dreaming, being finished, 'its action continues in the present in the bodies of all living things whose origins are in the Dreaming', (p. 56) while Dreaming action continues in the present through ceremony, creation, song and other forms of creative memory and connection. 'Memory, place, dead bodies and genealogies hold the stories that tell the histories that are not erased, and that refuse erasure. Painful as they are, they also constitute relationships of moral responsibility, binding people into the country and the generations of their lives.' (p. 57) It is in their thinking about death and life that we find perhaps the greatest philosophical achievements of these Indigenous cultures. The Western problematic of death – where the essential self is disembodied spirit -- poses a false choice of continuity, even eternity, in the realm of the spirit, versus the reductive materialist concept of death as the complete ending of the story of the material, embodied self. Both horns of this dilemma exact a terrible price, alienation from the earth in the first case and the loss of meaning in the second. Indigenous concepts of self and death succeed in breaking this pernicious false choice and suggesting satisfying and ecologically responsive forms of continuity with the earth. By understanding life as in circulation, as a gift from a community of ancestors, we can see death as recycling, a flowing on into an ecological and ancestral community of origins. In place of the western war of life against death whose battleground has been variously the spirit-identified afterlife and the reduced, medicalised material life, the Indigenous imaginary sees death as part of life, partly through narrative, and partly because death is a return to the (highly narrativised) land that nurtures life. Such a vision of death fosters an imaginary of the land as a 'nourishing terrain'1, and of death as a nurturing, material continuity with ecological others, especially the lives and landforms of country. We grasp these solutions and glimpse their transformative power, only to learn in the last section that they are under siege from western-based organisations and religions that are working – still! -- to undermine such worldviews and impose their own maladaptive ones. Much of this sad conflict between 'church way' and 'culture way' people and interpretations is taking place precisely around these concepts and practices of human identity, death and country, concepts the west has interpreted in alienated ways hostile to the earth. But through this inspiring book the original Yarralin vision may yet contribute to finding a better way for our species. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=XelMRauBoysC ID - 507 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rose, Deborah Bird PY - 2008 TI - On history, trees, and ethical proximity SP - 157-167 JF - Postcolonial Studies VL - 11 IS - 2 SN - 1368-8790 N1 - On history, trees, and ethical proximity KW - history ethics More-than-human communities Critical temporalities Counter traditions indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Australia colonialism communication narrative Levinas historiography Relevance: 2 Anthropology N2 - Ashis Nandy urges us, in his essay ‘History's Forgotten Doubles’, to consider alternative modes of engaging with the past. I take up his inspiring challenge in relation to my long-term research with Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory of Australia. Through an examination of several short stories that connect past, present and future, I consider an Indigenous critique of colonising damage and destruction. Nandy suggests that ‘each ahistorical culture is so in its own unique style’. The effort to engage with an ahistorical culture on its own terms requires me to provide a certain amount of understanding of key cultural facts, and an understanding of story structure and intention. With that analysis in place, I then offer an account of a story in context. This story (within a story) moves me to a consideration of the prophetic voice and its capacity to expose ethical proximity through vulnerability. Drawing on the work of Emmanuel Levinas and James Hatley, in particular, I argue for a historiography that is both other-wise and Earth-wise. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/13688790802004687 ID - 931 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rosenthal, Sandra B. PY - 1996 TI - Self, Community, and Time: A Shared Sociality SP - 101-119 JF - The Review of Metaphysics VL - 50 IS - 1 SN - 00346632 N1 - Self, Community, and Time: A Shared Sociality N1 - JSTOR KW - relevance: 1 philosophy Coevalness Pragmatism Political philosophy communitarianism social time non-homogeneous community perception of time N2 - Community and pluralism are often held to be at odds with each other, with a choice to be made between group conformity and individualism, community obligations or individual liberty and this dilemma in large part structures much contemporary debate. These tensions, which tend to dominate reflections on community, are rooted in incompatible understandings of the nature of the self and its relation to the communal order which it inhabits, understandings which are in turn inextricably intertwined with implicit temporal issues. This essay explores the way a pragmatic perspective offers the possibility for a novel understanding and interrelation of self, community and temporality which moves beyond some of the current problems and dilemmas. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20129988 ID - 78 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rosenthal, Sandra B. PY - 2000 BT - Time, continuity, and indeterminacy: a pragmatic engagement with contemporary perspectives CY - Albany, NY PB - SUNY Press N1 - Time, continuity, and indeterminacy: a pragmatic engagement with contemporary perspectives N1 - Author search based on article found in database KW - Philosophy Whitehead Heidegger McTaggart metaphysics Relevance: 1 Derrida Assumptions about time obscuring x pragmatism time as symbolic resource G.H. Mead N2 - Focusing on the issue of temporality, this book explores the assumptions guiding the frameworks of philosophers who have shaped the contours of the contemporary philosophical landscape, including Whitehead, Weiss, Derrida, McTaggart, and Heidegger. In the process, it remaps the terrain, often finding similarities where differences -- some quite radical -- are generally accepted, and finding differences where similarities are generally accepted. Rosenthal exposes the pragmatic perspective of temporality involving a radical rethinking of traditional ways of understanding and interrelating the key issues of time -- discreteness and continuity; fixity and indeterminacy; potentiality, actuality, and possibility; past, present, and future. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=OCILPSKFteQC ID - 56 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rosenthal, Sandra B. AU - Bourgeois, Patrick L. PY - 1991 BT - Mead and Merleau-Ponty: Toward a Common Vision CY - Albany PB - SUNY Press N1 - Mead and Merleau-Ponty: Toward a Common Vision N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Philosophy G.H. Mead pragmatism Merleau-Ponty Relevance: 2 action N2 - This book unites George Herbert Mead and Maurice Merleau-Ponty in a shared rejection of substance philosophy as well as spectator theory of knowledge, in favor of a focus on the ultimacy of temporal process and the constitutive function of social praxis. Both Mead and Merleau-Ponty return to the richness of lived experience within nature, and both lead to radically new, insightful visions of the nature of selfhood, language, freedom, and time itself, as well as of the nature of the relation between the so-called "tensions" of appearance and reality, sensation and object, the individual and the community, freedom and constraint, and continuity and creativity. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=qpuep1e_hvwC&lpg=PP1 ID - 170 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rossi, Paolo PY - 1984 BT - The Dark Abyss of Time:The History of the Earth and the History of Nations from Hooke to Vico CY - Chicago PB - University of Chicago Press N1 - The Dark Abyss of Time:The History of the Earth and the History of Nations from Hooke to Vico KW - Philosophy history geology Anthropology Chronology Deep time changing Perceptions of time Temporality of academic work Science Turning points relevance: 3 Leibniz Newton N2 - This book, by a distinguished Italian historian of philosophy, is a worthy successor to the author's important works on Francis Bacon and on technology and the arts. First published in Italian (in 1979), it now makes available to English readers some subtly wrought arguments about the ways in which geology and anthropology challenged biblical chronology and forced changes in the philosophy of history in the early modern era. . . . [Rossi] shows that the search for new answers about human origins spanned many disciplines and involved many fascinating intellects—Bacon, Bayle, Buffon, Burnet, Descartes, Hobbes, Holbach, Hooke, Hume, Hutton, Leibniz, de Maillet, Newton, Pufendorf, Spinoza, Toland, and, most especially, Vico, whose works are impressively and freshly reevaluated here."—Nina Gelbart, American Scientist UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-LwevE639_gC ID - 602 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rothenberg, B. PY - 2003 TI - "We don't have time for social change": cultural compromise and the battered woman syndrome SP - 771-787 JF - Gender & Society VL - 17 IS - 5 SN - 0891-2432 N1 - "We don't have time for social change": cultural compromise and the battered woman syndrome KW - gender social change agency violence Relevance: 3 time use feminism health care time as resource time scarcity passivity N2 - This article explores how the acceptance of the battered woman syndrome as the explanation for why abusive relationships continue can be understood as a cultural compromise. The syndrome's portrayal of battered women as passive victims resulted in an exclusive definition of who "counts" as a victim. It further emphasised many abused women's weaknesses rather than their resourcefulness and overlooked the plights of a great variety of women in need of help. More important, it placed emphasis on individualised solutions for domestic violence rather than addressing structural inequalities in American society. These issues ultimately led to a critique by other advocates of the battered woman syndrome as an inadequate and flawed explanation for domestic violence. Yet despite its weaknesses, the syndrome allowed advocates the chance to appeal to the larger public and, ultimately, begin the process of alleviating structural inequalities. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a715003968 ID - 665 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rowe, Stacy AU - Wolch, Jennifer PY - 1990 TI - Social Networks in Time and Space: Homeless Women in Skid Row, Los Angeles SP - 184-204 JF - Annals of the Association of American Geographers VL - 80 IS - 2 SN - 0004-5608 N1 - Social Networks in Time and Space: Homeless Women in Skid Row, Los Angeles KW - Geography women networks time and space poverty USA Break in time identity inclusion/exclusion temporal ordering Method: ethnography Anthropology Relevance: 2 home trajectories Method: social network analysis N2 - Social networks operate within a specific time-space fabric. This paper develops a theoretical framework for understanding the role of social networks among the homeless. The concept of time-space discontinuity is offered as a way to conceptualize the impacts of homelessness on social network formation, daily paths, life paths, personal identity and self-esteem. Ethnographic research among homeless women in Skid Row, Los Angeles is used to illustrate the theoretical framework. Results indicate that homeless women develop both peer and “homed'’social networks as a means of coping with their circumstances and reestablishing time-space continuity. Network relationships can also serve as substitutes for place-based stations in the daily path such as home and work. The characteristics of social networks and daily time-space paths appear to have affected the identities and self-esteem of the homeless women. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1990.tb00287.x ID - 654 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Royce, Josiah PY - 1968 BT - The problem of Christianity CY - Chicago PB - University of Chicago Press N1 - The problem of Christianity KW - Philosophy Josiah Royce Pragmatism Religion Christianity Memory Relevance: 1 hope expectation Shared future N2 - This new paperback edition of Royce's late masterpiece presents his philosophical interpretation of Christianity's fundamental ideas -- community, sin, atonement, and saving grace -- and shows their relevance to the current confluence of world religions. - See Chapter IX The Community and the Time-Process UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=Ez8r-3VaotIC ID - 2057 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ruel, Malcolm PY - 2000 TI - The Kuria Homestead in Space and Time SP - 62-85 JF - Journal of Religion in Africa VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 00224200 N1 - The Kuria Homestead in Space and Time KW - Religion social change Anthropology Kenya Africa Tanzania change over time relevance: 3 families Ritual sacred time Levi-Strauss N2 - not available - from intro: A number of studies have been made showing how settlement and domestic family patterns in small-scale societies carry cosmic implications (Levi-Strauss 1963, Littlejohn 1960, Bourdieu 1971, Moore 1986, Carsten and Hugh-Jones 1995). The following article takes up this theme and develops it in two further ways: firstly, by matching the cosmic implications against forty years of social change; secondly, by suggesting how ritual innovation can articulate cosmological change, where the innovation is more radical in form than in content. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1581623 ID - 287 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ruggie, John Gerard PY - 1998 BT - Constructing the World Polity: Essays on International Institutionalisation ED - Ruggie, John Gerard CT - Social time and ecodemographic contexts CY - New York PB - Routledge SP - 155-171 N1 - Social time and ecodemographic contexts SN - 978-0-415-09990-5 KW - social time organisational temporalities international politics politics international Relations Political time national time Agency relevance: 2 N2 - not available - from the back cover of the collection: Constructing the World Polity brings together in one collection the theoretical ideas of one of the most influential International Relations theorists of our time. These essays, with a new introduction, and comprehensive connective sections, present Ruggie's ideas and their application to critical policy questions of the post-Cold War international order. Themes covered include: * International Organization. How the 'new Institutionalism' differs from the old. * The System of States. Explorations of political structure, social time, and territorial space in the world polity. * Making History. America and the issue of 'agency' in the post-Cold War era. NATO and the future transatlantic security community. The United Nations and the collective use of force. UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=fGUB6A5vrYgC ID - 650 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rummel, R. J. PY - 1972 TI - Social Time and International Relations SP - 145-158 JF - General Systems VL - 17 N1 - Social Time and International Relations AN - WOS:A1972R357700011 KW - social time; international Relations; Sociology; time as missing element; Critique of discipline; non-linear time; method: dynamic rather than static; time as all encompassing; Multiple temporalities; social time; relevance: 2; time as missing element; Asynchrony; methodology; N2 - In social science theorizing and empirical analysis, time has been treated as an absolute continuum along which all events and entities existing at the same time have the same temporal status. The purpose of the paper is to help alter the dependence on this singular view of time by incorporating in a field theory of international relations the notions of subjective (social) and multidimensional time. UR - http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0710778 ID - 812 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Russon, John PY - 2008 TI - Temporality and the Future of Philosophy in Hegel's Phenomenology SP - 59-68 JF - International Philosophical Quarterly VL - 48 IS - 1 N1 - Temporality and the Future of Philosophy in Hegel's Phenomenology AN - 2125764 N1 - Philosophers Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Hegel philosophy phenomenology the future history present multiple temporalities Relevance: 1 embodiment ethics Shared present past in the present changing perceptions of time open future N2 - In "Sense-Certainty" Hegel establishes "the now that is many nows" as the form of experience. This has implications for the interpretation of later figures within the Phenomenology of Spirit: specifically, the thing (from chapter 2), the living body (from chapter 4), and the ethical community (from chapter 6) are each significantly different forms of such a "now" in which the way that past and future are held within the present differs. Comparing these changing "temporalities" allows us to defend Hegel's distinction between nature and spirit, and his claim that only spirit has a history. This comparison also allows us to see how it is that phenomenological philosophy, and the "end of history" that it announces, is a stance of openness to the future. UR - http://uoguelph.academia.edu/JohnRusson/Papers/150615/Temporality_and_the_Future_of_Philosophy_in_Hegels_Phenomenology ID - 183 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Rutz, Henry J. PY - 1992 TI - The Politics of Time CY - Washington PB - American Anthopological Association N1 - The Politics of Time KW - sociology power time as tool for political legitimation politics Relevance: 2 political time time as tool for managing percieved threats time as symbolic resource politics of time conceptions of time Multiple temporalities coordinating between different times cultural variants of time N2 - The unifying idea of this collection is that time is an object of power relations. Contributors are concerned with different forms of objectification and, more especially, with contests of power that shape time as both concept and resource. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=bIseAQAAIAAJ ID - 511 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ryan, Dan PY - 2008 TI - Emergent temporal effects in community initiatives SP - 139-162 N1 - Spr JF - Sociological Perspectives VL - 51 IS - 1 SN - 0731-1214 N1 - Emergent temporal effects in community initiatives M3 - 10.1525/sop.2008.51.1.139 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - sociology organisational temporalities third sector multiple temporalities temporal conflict coordinating between different times Method: case study Method: qualitative cities Activism health care cyclical time temporal flow non-homogeneous community time as missing element Relevance: 1 N2 - Based on a qualitative case study of a multiyear, multicity attempt to forge community coalitions against substance abuse, this article analyzes three categories of organizational temporalities: cycles, event streams, and temporal style. Community initiatives based on collaboration, coalitions, and cooperation, projects that "bring everyone to the table," provide an opportunity for naturalistic observation of the unanticipated, but analyzable, effects that emerge when mismatched organizational temporalities interact. This article lays out a theory of these emergent effects of interorganizational time conflicts in communities of organizations. The aim is not to argue for the primacy of temporal effects over other dimensions but to include them in a multidimensional view of the causes of problems encountered in multi-organization community initiatives. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/40210495 ID - 51 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Saidi, Habib PY - 2008 TI - When the Past Poses Beside the Present: Aestheticising Politics and Nationalising Modernity in a Postcolonial Time SP - 101-119 JF - Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change VL - 6 IS - 2 SN - 1476-6825 N1 - When the Past Poses Beside the Present: Aestheticising Politics and Nationalising Modernity in a Postcolonial Time KW - Tourism; Cultural studies; social Change; Past in the present; modernity; nationalism; Postcolonialism; Africa; Deleuze; narrative; cinema; media; heritage; identity; Relevance: 2; national time; politics N2 - This article focuses on the Tunisian government's tourist promotion policies during the 1990s. It takes a Deleuzian perspective, using the notion of crystalline narration developed by the author of The Time-Image. I will emphasise the idea of coalescence between past and present as revealed in the advertising images of the period where heritage objects appear among other contemporary objects. In fact, I will draw on a corpus of short films and commercials produced by the Tunisian tourism bureau to be broadcast both inside and outside the country. My analysis will focus on the ways in which actors in the fields of politics and tourism use these objects for media purposes, targeting both Tunisians and foreign tourists to whom they strive to hold up a crystal-image of Tunisia. This image is shored up by a political discourse put forward by a state that wishes to appear both to its citizens and to others as reconciling past and present. The crystal metaphor evokes a narrative mode in which heritage is likened to the glittering of scattered crystals and Tunisian identity seems to emerge from the ‘mists of time’ with sparkling refractions on ‘tips of the present’. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/14766820802364154 ID - 630 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sanadjian, Manuchehr PY - 1995 TI - Temporality of "Home" and Spatiality of Market in Exile: Iranians in Germany SP - 3-36 JF - New German Critique VL - 64 SN - 0094033X N1 - Temporality of "Home" and Spatiality of Market in Exile: Iranians in Germany N1 - ArticleType: research-article / Issue Title: Germany: East, West, and Other / Full publication date: Winter, 1995 / Copyright © 1995 New German Critique KW - home; Migration; Germany; Iran; inclusion/exclusion; narrative; Critical temporalities; Tradition; in/commensurability between times; time and space; temporal conflict; Multiple temporalities; Relevance: 2; political community; Middle East N2 - not avialable - from the text: The temporal aspect of the Iranian exiles is not abolished, but subor-dinated to the terrain of German civil society and the way the political community articulates the latter. The exiles' deployment of narrative and non-narrative modes of constructing their presence within the pri-vate and public domains correspond to their shifting temporality and spatiality of presence. Corresponding with this shifting mode of presence-constructionw as the exiles' alternating emphasis on their loss and its denial. As a result, they regularly embarked on "inclusion" and "exclusion" in and from the "host" German society.67 The tension arising out of deployment of the concomitant but incompatible modes rendered the space in exile less objectifiable: more "paranoid."Thus, the Iranian exiles' construction of their ethnicity can be said to be "old," that is, based on a close relationship between "identity and being," a firm distinction between "the self and the other."68 It can equally be described as a "new" ethnicity in the sense of being in a process of "splitting."69 Iranian ethnicity deploys the alternatings trategies of Tra-dition and Translation to emphasize the continuity and discontinuity in reproduction of displacement.70 The attempt to resolve the tension between the signifier (home) and the signified (history and space) char-acteristic of the exiles' displaced life, is made when they adopt a strat-egy for survival by allocating the signifier a spatially designated area and deferring it in the public domain. As long as the exiles can with-stand the pressure inherent in this Janus-faced life, they continue, aided by alcohol and drugs, to alternate between deconstructing and recon-tructing their homelessness UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/488462 ID - 1026 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sander, William PY - 1984 TI - The Economics of Time and Community SP - 44-49 JF - Review of Social Economy VL - 42 IS - 1 N1 - The Economics of Time and Community N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - economics work time leisure time market time capitalism USA time as resource change over time time allocation Development values Relevance: 1 N2 - No Abstract available - first paragraph Economic growth increases the economic value of time. In the United States, real earnings per hour of work, a measure of the value of time in work, have increased by a factor of five between 1900 and 1970. [Schultz, 1981, p. 59] This has affected the allocation of time by individuals and families. Following Gary S. Becker, time is allocated to either work, household production or consumption (called leisure in traditional approaches). In the early stages of development, an increase in the value of time has a positive effect on the allocation of time to work. At a later stage, the effect may be negative if an increase in the value of time in non-work activities exceeds the incremental value of time in work. That is, the income effect may outweigh the substitution effect so that the allocation of time to work actually declines over time. An increase in the value of time in work increases the value of time in consumption as well as the opportunity cost of time in household production. With economic growth, households tend to substitute capital for labor within the household so that more time can be allocated to either work or consumption. The focus of this paper will be on the social consequences of the reallocation of time that is brought about by an increase in the economic value of time. Particular attention will be given to the effects of interpersonal relationships and community. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a780887416~frm=titlelink ID - 45 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Santiso, Javier PY - 1998 TI - The Fall into the Present: The Emergence of Limited Political Temporalities in Latin America SP - 25-54 JF - Time & Society VL - 7 IS - 1 N1 - The Fall into the Present: The Emergence of Limited Political Temporalities in Latin America N1 - 10.1177/0961463X98007001002 KW - political time politics Latin America Democracy social change change over time Political science Changing perceptions of time futurity present homogenising present time as horizon democratic present Relevance: 2 time allocation Unpredictibility N2 - Studies on democratization have approached the question of time from the perspective of both representation and allocation. They invite political science, and the social sciences in general, to further address the temporal dimension and the issue of time in processes of political change. From this perspective, democratizations can be described as critical moments for the reconfiguration of time perceptions and temporal representations, moments in which the future is both uncertain and temporally limited. In this sense, from the East to the South, we are witnessing a sharp `fall' into the democratic present and a refocusing of politics on concepts such as `Democracy' and `the Market'. What we call the `fall into the present' refers to the presentist focus of politics and the extra-ordinary re-evaluation of the present in the modern era: the present becomes omnipresent and overrules both the past and the future as the referential horizon of politics. The changing nature of the perception of time is particularly acute in Latin America, where the future is being replaced by the present as the focal point of politics. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/7/1/25.abstract ID - 879 ER - TY - UNPB AU - Santoro, Nicola AU - Quattrociocchi, Walter AU - Flocchini, Paola AU - Casteigts, Arnaud AU - Amblard, Frederic PY - 2011 TI - Time-Varying Graphs and Social Network Analysis: Temporal Indicators and Metrics A2 - Cornell University KW - Method: dynamic rather than static Method: social network analysis networks Methodology Relevance: 3 time as missing element AB - Most instruments - formalisms, concepts, and metrics - for social networks analysis fail to capture their dynamics. Typical systems exhibit different scales of dynamics, ranging from the fine-grain dynamics of interactions (which recently led researchers to consider temporal versions of distance, connectivity, and related indicators), to the evolution of network properties over longer periods of time. This paper proposes a general approach to study that evolution for both atemporal and temporal indicators, based respectively on sequences of static graphs and sequences of time-varying graphs that cover successive time-windows. All the concepts and indicators, some of which are new, are expressed using a time-varying graph formalism. UR - http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.0629 ID - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sapontzis, S. F. PY - 1978 TI - Community in 'Being and Time' SP - 330-340 JF - Kant-Studien VL - 69 IS - 3 SN - 0022-8877 N1 - Community in 'Being and Time' AN - WOS:A1978GL14900007 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Heidegger Philosophy Continental Philosophy Relevance: 2 N2 - This paper presents a critical study of Heideggers analysis of Community in Being and Time. First, I delineate three stages in this analysis and the reasons for moving from the first to the second and third of these stages. The main body of the paper is then devoted to a two-part, critical discussion. First, I consider the cogency of Heidegger's reasons for moving from his earlier characterization of Community to his later characterizations of it. Second, problems within the third stage are considered. UR - http://www.reference-global.com/doi/abs/10.1515/kant.1978.69.1-4.330 ID - 49 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Schaap, Andrew PY - 2007 BT - Law and the Politics of Reconciliation ED - Veitch, Scott CT - The Time of Reconciliation and the Space of Politics CY - Aldershot PB - Ashgate SP - 9-31 N1 - The Time of Reconciliation and the Space of Politics KW - law politics Forgiveness Relevance: 2 time and space Australia open future non-linear time shared past political time Asynchrony indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Assumptions about time obscuring x imagined futures philosophy N2 - not available. for the book itself: This collection of essays by an international group of authors explores the ways in which law and legal institutions are used in countries coming to terms with traumatic pasts and, in some cases, traumatic presents. In putting to question what is often taken for granted in uncritical calls for reconciliation, it critically analyses and frequently challenges the political and legal assumptions underlying discourses of reconciliation. Drawing on a broad spectrum of disciplinary and interdisciplinary insights the authors examine how competing conceptions of law, time, and politics are deployed in social transformations and how pressing demands for reconstruction, reconciliation, and justice inform and respond to legal categories and their use of time.The book is genuinely interdisciplinary, drawing on work in politics, philosophy, theology, sociology and law. It will appeal to a wide audience of researchers and academics working in these areas. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=6Bl3Y5G1OjkC ID - 514 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schäfer-Wünsche, Elisabeth PY - 2001 TI - Rolling into History: Time and Community in Spike Lee's Get on the Bus SP - 147-164 JF - The civil rights movement revisited: critical perspectives on the struggle for racial equality in the United States N1 - Rolling into History: Time and Community in Spike Lee's Get on the Bus KW - politics USA race History relevance: 1 cinema narrative activism mobility across communities shared future N2 - not available - from the text: Taking up Anthony Pinn's argument, I will read Spike Lee's film Get on the Bus as a narrative which reclaims metaphors of motion and travel as existential transformation in a context of the 1990s. In its linking of individual to communal progress, the film enacts a highly gendered, didactic story of racial uplife, layering past and present to create visions for the future. from the back of the book: The crusade for civil rights was a defining episode of 20th century U.S. history, reshaping the constitutional, political, social, and economic life of the nation. This collection of original essays by both European and American scholars includes close analyses of literature and film, historical studies of significant themes and events from the turn-of-the century to the movement years, and assessments of the movement's legacies. Ultimately, the articles help examine the ways civil rights activism, often grounded in the political work of women, has shaped American consciousness and culture until the outset of the 21st century. UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=n9T5Mvq32rkC ID - 132 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Scheuerman, William E. PY - 2004 BT - Liberal Democracy and the Social Acceleration of Time CY - Baltimore PB - The Johns Hopkins University Press N1 - Liberal Democracy and the Social Acceleration of Time KW - Democracy Acceleration of time USA Political science Technology time as tool for political legitimation temporal conflict political time Critical temporalities Asynchrony Relevance: 2 coordinating between different times Social coordination media N2 - The pace of American society has quickened exponentially since the Founding Fathers first mapped the constitution. Information travels at the speed of light; so does money. We can hop from one side of the country to the other in a matter of hours, contact our elected officials instantaneously, and share our views with thousands of people at the touch of a button. Both academia and the popular media have grappled with the consequences of this acceleration on every aspect of contemporary life. Most pressing, however, may be its impact on political life. In Liberal Democracy and the Social Acceleration of Time, William Scheuerman offers a sophisticated assessment of the implications of social and technological celerity in the operation of liberal democracies. Specifically, he asks what is acceleration's main impact on the traditional liberal democratic model of the separation of powers? According to Scheuerman, high speed has created an imbalance. The executive branch was intended to react with dispatch; by contrast, legislatures and the courts were designed to be more deliberate and thoughtful. While this system of checks and balances was effective in the age of horse and buggy, Scheuerman argues that the very features that were these institutions' strengths may now be a liability. Throughout this book, Scheuerman offers a constructive critique which articulates ways in which "liberal democracy might be recalibrated in accordance with the tempo of modern society." UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=j-3nG1zj1ZEC ID - 708 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schillmeier, Michael PY - 2008 TI - Time-Spaces of In/dependence and Dis/ability SP - 215-231 JF - Time & Society VL - 17 IS - 2-3 N1 - Time-Spaces of In/dependence and Dis/ability M3 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463X08093423 KW - disability inclusion/exclusion philosophy heidegger Time and space Relevance: 3 care work Visuality N2 - The article highlights the temporal construction of everyday spaces that make up the societal relevance of in/dependences and dis/abilities. Employing an account of empirical philosophy, the article links self-conducted empirical research with philosophical ideas. Introducing Heidegger's notion of `time-space', the proposed view tries to avoid bifurcating in/dependences and dis/abilities a priori as the effect of given realities. Rather, they appear as highly fragile mediations of heterogeneous elements that make up the times and spaces of emerging in/dependences and dis/abilities. With special reference to `visual disability', I explore how ordinary acts of `dealing with money' and `going shopping' configure multiple `blind' times and spaces of in/dependence and dis/ability. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/17/2-3/215.short ID - 229 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schler, Lynn PY - 2005 TI - History, the Nation-State, and Alternative Narratives: An Example from Colonial Douala SP - 89-108 JF - African Studies Review VL - 48 IS - 1 SN - 00020206 N1 - History, the Nation-State, and Alternative Narratives: An Example from Colonial Douala N1 - ArticleType: research-article / Full publication date: Apr., 2005 / Copyright © 2005 African Studies Association KW - Africa history nationalism narrative Colonialism Cameroon Migration historiography Critique of discipline non-homogeneous community Relevance: 3 community development Solidarity N2 - This article examines processes of community-building in the immigrant quarter of New Bell, Douala, during the interwar years. Historians of Douala have overlooked the history of New Bell, focusing instead on the political and economic activity of Duala's Westernized elite during this period. This historiographic oversight reflects a preoccupation with elite politics identified as the seeds of nationalism in Cameroon. An examination of the community of immigrants provides us with an alternative conceptualization of a multiethnic collective. By tracing the construction and evolution of public space in interwar New Bell, we can uncover elements of group solidarity binding together this highly diverse population. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20065046 ID - 1028 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schlesinger, Philip PY - 1977 TI - Newsmen and Their Time-Machine SP - 336-350 JF - The British Journal of Sociology VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 00071315 N1 - Newsmen and Their Time-Machine KW - sociology news communication time as missing element U.K. method: participant observation Acceleration of time perception of time pace sequence Duration time as symbolic resource time scarcity professionalism Forgetting Relevance: 2 time as horizon N2 - The production of news is an important part of contemporary cultural and social life. Much has been written about the 'news values' (occupational knowledge) of newsmen, and of their role in the construction of a picture of reality. The starting point of the argument here is that one key set of concepts--those which relate to time--have so far been missing from the account. The broad intention, therefore, is to remedy an oversight in recent sociological work. The paper begins by locating the B.B.C. newsmen studied (through direct observation in the London newsrooms) as members of a time-conscious Western culture. It then argues that the structure of competition which defines news as a perishable commodity demands a production structure geared to the value of 'immediacy' and to the temporal horizons of a daily cycle. We find, on investigation, that an acute consciousness of the passage of time invades the very details of the broadcasting newsman's work. The newsman's language displays fine conceptual distinctions regarding time which show how significant is the temporal dimension of his work. Further, certain concepts, notably 'pace', 'sequence', 'duration', are used in the framing of news as a cultural form. Lastly, the paper argues that for newsmen the mastery of time-pressure is a way of manifesting their professionalism. It closes by drawing attention to the way in which 'news' as presently conceived tends to abolish an historical awareness. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/589998 ID - 2061 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schmitter, Philippe C. AU - Santiso, Javier PY - 1998 TI - Three Temporal Dimensions to the Consolidation of Democracy SP - 69-93 JF - International Political Science Review VL - 19 IS - 1 N1 - Three Temporal Dimensions to the Consolidation of Democracy N1 - course outline - A Mische KW - democracy Political science Method: comparative analysis sequence temporal ordering Rhythms methodology Method: dynamic rather than static Relevance: 2 time as missing element political theory timing N2 - The study of democratization, more than most fields of comparative political inquiry, should be sensitive to the time factor. When something happens, as well as in what order and with what rhythm, can be even more important in determining the outcome than whether something happens or what happens. As “transitologists” and “consolidologists” have moved away from structural determinants of democracy toward a more process- and actor-oriented approach, they have also had to become more explicit about different dimensions of temporality. In this article, we explore three of them: time, timing and tempo. UR - http://ips.sagepub.com/content/19/1/69.abstract ID - 561 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schneider, Manuel PY - 1997 TI - Tempo Diet: A Consideration of Food and the Quality of Life SP - 85-98 N1 - February 1, 1997 JF - Time & Society VL - 6 IS - 1 N1 - Tempo Diet: A Consideration of Food and the Quality of Life M3 - 10.1177/0961463x97006001006 KW - food Rhythms Consumerism Capitalism Critical temporalities Acceleration of time Deceleration of time environment social time Shared present Relevance: 3 time spent with community Agriculture N2 - This paper weaves together several conceptual threads between time, food production and consumption habits. In a context of fast food and ready-to-eat meals, it advances an environmental argument for rediscovering the joys and culinary pleasures of local foods and regional specialities, as well as the need for finding time once again for unhurried social eating. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/6/1/85.abstract ID - 515 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schrader, Susan L. AU - Nelson, Margot L. AU - Eidsness, Luann M. PY - 2009 TI - Changes in end-of-life attitudes and actions over time: one community in 2004-2005 SP - 395-9 JF - South Dakota Medicine: The journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association VL - 62 IS - 10 N1 - Changes in end-of-life attitudes and actions over time: one community in 2004-2005 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - aging life course health care Sociology Method: longitudinal analysis Method: quantitative Method: questionnaires change over time action meaning Death & dying USA imagined futures Relevance: 2 N2 - INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this research is to explore changes in end-of-life (EOL) attitudes and actions among Sioux Falls, South Dakota, residents between August 2004 and August 2005. METHODS: Questionnaires were sent to 5000 randomly selected Sioux Falls households (2004) and to 10,000 South Dakota households (2005), where a subset from the city allowed researchers to compare Sioux Falls residents' attitudes and actions over time. Data were entered into the computer using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, and bivariate analyses were conducted using Chi Square, where p < or = .05 was used to assess statistical significance. RESULTS: Compared to the 2004 sample, respondents in 2005 were more likely to have taken actions to ensure their EOL preferences were honored, knew more about hospice and were more polarized in their views about EOL care. Consistencies in EOL preferences were also revealed. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal analysis suggests that public discussion of EOL issues makes a difference in the public's attitudes and actions. Implications for future research are discussed. UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19856827 ID - 11 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Schütz, Alfred PY - 1976 BT - Collected Papers II: Studies in Social Theory ED - Brodersen, Arvid CT - Teiresias or Our Knowledge of Future Events CY - The Hague, Netherlands PB - Martinus Nijhoff CP - Volume II SP - 277-281 N1 - Teiresias or Our Knowledge of Future Events N1 - Course Outline - A Mische KW - future social theory Sociology Knowledge Agency action Relevance: 3 Schutz N2 - not available - from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/schutz/ In his essay “Tiresias, or our Knowledge of Future Events,” produced contemporaneously with the type essay, Schutz explains how knowledge based on natural attitude types functions in contrast to the mythical Tiresias' knowledge of the future, which is private and detached from his present or past experience. These types, based on past experiences or socially transmitted, aim at future occurrences not in their uniqueness but with an emptiness that future events will fill in, such that only in retrospect, after an event occurs, is one able to determine how much that event was expected or unexpected. Finally, there are future events lying beyond one's influence that one expects only to conform with past experience and there are indeterminate projects that provide direction — not too tightly, though — as one gives shape to what is within one's power. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EZ1emShaOuQC ID - 555 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Schütz, Alfred AU - Luckmann, Thomas PY - 1974 BT - The Structures of the Life-World CY - London PB - Heinemann N1 - Zaner, R. ED - Engelhardt, H. T. N1 - The Structures of the Life-World KW - phenomenology philosophy social structure Relevance: 2 Schutz Continental Philosophy N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=LGXBxI0Xsh8C ID - 2056 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schwartz, Barry PY - 1974 TI - Waiting, Exchange, and Power: The Distribution of Time in Social Systems SP - 841-870 JF - The American Journal of Sociology VL - 79 IS - 4 SN - 00029602 N1 - Waiting, Exchange, and Power: The Distribution of Time in Social Systems KW - Sociology Temporal conflict temporal inequality inclusion/exclusion power time use waiting boredom time allocation time scarcity Relevance: 2 social structure Social coordination etiquette N2 - So far as it limits productive uses of time, waiting generates distinct social and personal costs. The purpose of this paper is to explore the way these costs are distributed throughout a social structure and to identify the principles to which this allocation gives expression. The main proposition of our analysis is that the distribution of waiting time coincides with the distribution of power. This proposition is based on the assumption that an individual's power reflects the scarcity of the goods or skills he possesses; accordingly, the relationship between a server and client may be characterized in terms of organized dependency, for which waiting (under certain conditions) provides an accurate index. However, if delay is related to the client's position in a power network, then he may show deference to a server by an expressed willingness to wait, or a server may confirm or enhance his own status by deliberately causing him to wait. Secondary interactional modes thus come to subserve a relationship originally grounded in a supply-demand structure. The broader implications of this correlation allow us to characterize stratification systems in terms of the apportionment of time as well as the distribution of other kinds of resources. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2776346 ID - 704 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Schwartz, Barry PY - 1978 TI - The Social Ecology of Time Barriers SP - 1203-1220 JF - Social Forces VL - 56 IS - 4 SN - 00377732 N1 - The Social Ecology of Time Barriers KW - waiting health care temporal inequality social time power inclusion/exclusion temporal boundaries race Class Poverty time and space time use Time allocation status Relevance: 2 N2 - The purpose of this inquiry is to determine how access and delay are distributed throughout the social structure. Data from a national survey of health care practices and costs confirm the conventional assumption, which is derived from a simple exchange model, that delay in doctors' offices is inversely related to income. However, the data also show that the poor, with or without appointments, wait longer at private offices as well as clinics, and that blacks wait longer than whites regardless of their income, appointment status, or source of care. Further analysis suggests that income and race are associated with waiting time because concentrations of family doctors are centered in the most affluent sectors of the white community. At the core of these concentrations, doctors compete for clients; at the periphery, clients compete for doctors. Separate race and income effects on delay exist because residential segregation by income and race are independently superimposed on one another. The ecological distribution of service units thus affects the time costs of their clientele. This fact is one manifestation of the overarching linkage between class, status, time, and space. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2577518 ID - 671 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Scorer, J. PY - 2010 TI - Once Upon a Time in Buenos Aires: Vengeance, Community and the Urban Western SP - 141-154 JF - Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies VL - 19 IS - 2 N1 - Once Upon a Time in Buenos Aires: Vengeance, Community and the Urban Western N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Latin America Cultural studies Cinema Argentina violence Law the gift globalisation relevance: 4 neoliberalism N2 - abstract not available, first paragraph instead: Beginning with an etymological analysis of the Greek word ‘munus’, Roberto Esposito has argued that immunity ‘represents a sort of safeguard that places the one who holds it in a condition of untouchability vis-a`-vis common law’ (2006: 50). Immunity thus releases the individual from the process of gift-giving which forms the basis of immunity’s opposite, community. Under global neoliberalism the nature of both the ‘munus’ and common law are being radically transformed, especially since the state’s monopoly over violence and violent justice is increasingly undermined by its own reconfigurations, corruption and deference to market forces. In this global context, common law has the opportunity to reaffirm its common nature, with vigilante justice perceived as increasingly necessary in the face of state failure. In the community built on vengeance and common justice, then, the lone vigilante’s gift to the community is precisely the act of justice. If, however, the gift is not extended to the community then the vigilante’s act cannot be seen as an act of commonality but merely as personal revenge. Without the gift there is no community. In this essay I reflect on these motifs of justice, revenge and the vigilante in Adria´n Caetano’s 2002 film, Un oso rojo. Not only referring to the film’s specific context – the corrupt, survival-of-the-fittest Buenos Aires of the turn of the millennium – I also read the film in the context of the transnational dialogues it constructs with a number of recent cinematic portrayals of the urban vigilante. Thus, I read Un oso rojo both as an urban western and as an example of the western’s long vengeance tradition and, in doing so, I offer an alternative to those who see Oso as the archetypal anti-hero of the western, the troubled character who necessarily displays the violent traits of his enemies in order to save the community. Instead, I stress that Oso is a gunfighter who employs violence not as social or community resistance but merely as the violence of the individual for the individual. Ultimately Oso fails, in the terms used by Patrick McGee to describe the western hero of the 1950s, to transform social suicide into ‘a reconceptualization of the community’ (2007: 113). Thus, not only is Oso unable to rejoin the community at the end of the film but the fact that his justice is not a shared gift also means that the community he leaves behind is no more in common than when he arrived; Oso does nothing to engender the city in common. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a924602241~db=all~jumptype=rss ID - 6 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Secomb, Linnell PY - 2002 BT - The Politics of Community ED - Strysick, M. CT - Haunted Community PB - Davies Group SP - 131-150 N1 - Haunted Community KW - Derrida politics political community Continental Philosophy Philosophy non-homogeneous community Past in the present Critical temporalities Colonialism Forgiveness Relevance: 2 indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Australia N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.com/books?ei=ZRhJTpb_Mouv8QP-ztSvBg ID - 517 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Secomb, Linnell PY - 2003 TI - Interrupting Mythic Community SP - 85-100 JF - Cultural Studies Review VL - 9 IS - 1 N1 - Interrupting Mythic Community KW - Relevance: 2 Continental Philosophy Jean-Luc Nancy non-homogeneous community myth Colonialism Past in the present commemorative events cultural studies N2 - not available UR - http://utsescholarship.lib.uts.edu.au/epress/journals/index.php/csrj/issue/archive ID - 518 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Selk, Eugene E. PY - 1977 TI - Toward an Environmental Ethic: Royce's Theory of Community and Obligation to Future Generations SP - 253-276 JF - Transactions of the Charles S Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy VL - 13 IS - 4 N1 - Toward an Environmental Ethic: Royce's Theory of Community and Obligation to Future Generations N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Josiah Royce Pragmatism Futurity Environment Relevance: 1 temporally extended responsibilities ethics method: dynamic rather than static expectation political philosophy philosophy future generations N2 - This paper uses Royce's theory of community to establish that the present generation has an obligation to future generations. The essence of a community for Royce is that it is a "time-process." I link this theory of community to a double-aspect theory of obligation (a person has an obligation to a community if (1) the person has made a commitment to the community, and (2) the community is such that it deserves the commitment of its members). the theory of community as a time-process and the double-aspect theory of obligation are then tied into obligation to future generations. finally, the argument concludes that this obligation extends to care of the environment insofar as future communities will be greatly affected by what present communities do to the environment. The paper closes with responses to anticipated objections, especially the problem of the relation between obligation and tacit commitment. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/40319820 ID - 156 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Selman, Ruth PY - 2003 TI - Of Time and Montessori: Kairos and Chronos SP - 11-12 JF - Montessori Life VL - 15 IS - 2 N1 - Of Time and Montessori: Kairos and Chronos KW - education chronos/kairos temporal conflict scheduling children/youth Market time coordinating between different times time reckoning imagined pasts Relevance: 2 organisational temporalities N2 - In Montessori education, freedom of movement and freedom of choice are not hampered by artificial blocks of time. In modern industrialized societies, a high value is placed on the measured time that drives commercial and economic systems. From the moment of birth, the child's need for freedom of movement and freedom of choice time conflicts with the adult measured time world of schedules. The Montessori classroom allows children to live in the world before humans started measuring time and allows them to span the gap to the digital world at their own pace and in their own way. UR - http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ673554&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=EJ673554 ID - 519 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seron, Carroll AU - Ferris, Kerry PY - 1995 TI - Negotiating Professionalism SP - 22-47 JF - Work and Occupations VL - 22 IS - 1 N1 - Negotiating Professionalism N1 - 10.1177/0730888495022001002 KW - Sociology Management labour time time use time scarcity Gender Method: time diaries temporal conflict inclusion/exclusion temporal inequality organisational temporalities Relevance: 3 women's time public and private time care work professionalism Social capital N2 - Sociological research on the professions studies the public workplace and the ways in which task, organizational, and institutional arrangements of select occupations coalesce to secure expertise to work autonomously. The authors argue that a neat public/private divide does not, however, actually fit professional practice. Rather, the time demands of professional tasks are open-ended, and underscoring this practice, organizational policies do not compensate for extended professional hours. To ensure the viability of this task-organizational arrangement, professions require an institutional system of social capital or release from the time demands of private obligations. Using data about allocation of time from a study of self-employed professionals, the authors demonstrate the ways in which access to time is qualitatively different for men and women. In the conclusion, the authors discuss the ways in which an analysis of time provides an entry point for explaining the persistence of deeply gendered professional hierarchies. UR - http://wox.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/22/1/22 ID - 776 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seyfang, G. PY - 2003 TI - Growing cohesive communities one favour at a time: Social exclusion, active citizenship and time banks SP - 699-706 JF - International Journal of Urban and Regional Research VL - 27 IS - 3 N1 - Growing cohesive communities one favour at a time: Social exclusion, active citizenship and time banks N1 - time exclusion N1 - SCOPUS KW - Time banking economics inclusion/exclusion Agency volunteering Relevance: 1 social cohesion citizenship volunteering Activism social Change Democracy community engagement N2 - Community currencies have been put forward as a grassroots tool to promote social inclusion through community self-help and active citizenship. 'Time banks' are a new form of community currency in the UK which are receiving government support. Time credits are earned for each hour of voluntary service given, and can be used to purchase services from other members in return. This article discusses new findings from the first national study of time banks to assess their impacts and potential. An evaluative framework is employed which describes social inclusion as comprising effective economic, social and political citizenship rights. Evidence is presented from a national survey of time banks and from an in-depth case study of Rushey Green Time Bank, situated in a health care setting in a deprived area of south London. Time banks are found to be successful at engaging socially excluded and vulnerable groups of people in community activities - many for the first time - boosting their confidence, social networks, skills and well-being, as well as opening up possibilities for challenging inequitable social institutions and creating spaces where different values prevail. Their potential as tools for democratic renewal, promoting civic engagement and active citizenship is discussed. AD - CSERGE, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0142213971&partnerID=40&md5=4a8dfab19163b4fad80e3521fcc89e3a ID - 223 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Seyfang, Gill PY - 2004 TI - Working outside the box: Community currencies, time banks and social inclusion SP - 49-71 JF - Journal of Social Policy VL - 33 IS - 1 N1 - Working outside the box: Community currencies, time banks and social inclusion N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - time banking economics labour time inclusion/exclusion policy U.K. volunteering Relevance: 2 time allocation time as resource Social capital community engagement citizenship N2 - A conceptual framework is developed for analysing UK social policy with respect to work, employment, inclusion and income. A range of possibilities for 'productive engagement in work' (PEW) outside the home are identified, ranging from formal employment, through informal employment, working for local community currencies, to unpaid voluntary work, each attracting particular policy responses, according to the hegemonic discourse of social exclusion, namely a liberal individualistic model which sees insertion into the labour market as the solution to exclusion. A new initiative is examined which is increasingly being adopted by local authorities in their efforts to tackle social exclusion and build social capital, namely 'time banks': a type of community currency which rewards people in time credits for the work they put into their neighbourhoods. Time banks are found to occupy a space in between what is already known about informal employment, LETS (Local Exchange Trading Schemes) and volunteering, raising a number of issues for policy makers and practitioners. While time banks may be promoted within the UK government's social inclusion remit as a means of increasing job-readiness through volunteering, they have wider and deeper implications. They represent a response to a radical social democratic understanding of social exclusion and hence exert a collective effort to redefine what is considered 'valuable work', and thus present an alternative to hegemonic paradigms of work and welfare; their greatest potential is as a radical tool for collective social capital building, resulting in more effective social, economic and political citizenship, and hence social inclusion. Policy recommendations are made to enable time banks to flourish and provide a powerful tool for achieving social inclusion objectives. UR - http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=198424&jid=JSP&volumeId=33&issueId=01&aid=198423 ID - 18 ER - TY - RPRT AU - Seyfang, Gill AU - Smith, Karen PY - 2002 TI - The Time Of Our Lives: Using time banking for neighbourhood renewal and community capacity building CY - London PB - New Economics Foundation N1 - The Time Of Our Lives: Using time banking for neighbourhood renewal and community capacity building N1 - Google Scholar KW - time banking community development regeneration economics Urban communities Relevance: 2 N2 - A summary of the two-year evaluation of time banks in the UK, carried out by Dr Gill Seyfang at the University of East Anglia with the assistance of Time Banks UK, and funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. UR - summary available here: http://www.i-r-e.org/bdf/docs/a002_time-banking-for-community-capacity-building.pdf ID - 107 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shapiro, Michael J. PY - 2000 TI - National Times and Other Times: Re-thinking Citizenship SP - 79-98 JF - Cultural Studies VL - 14 IS - 1 N1 - National Times and Other Times: Re-thinking Citizenship KW - nationalism politics political community citizenship time and space history shared past Break in time Multiple temporalities Temporal conflict literary theory Israel time as tool for political legitimation political time Political theory national time Shared present critical temporalities Relevance: 2 asynchrony Meaning literature cultural diversity Judaism women's time gender historical time homogenising present literary theory coordinating between different times Middle East Kristeva Cultural Studies N2 - Citizenship is a temporal as well as spatial phenomenon. While it conceptually located in a legal, territorial entity, within which it is associated with the privileges of sovereignty and the rights of individuals, it is also understood is terms of the historical process by which peoples develop shared characteristics. However, the attempt to code citizenship interms of shared cultural backgrounds belies the ways in which citizen-subjects are temporally disjunctive. Beginning with attention to the way some writing practices challenge the state system's monopoly over the meaning of citizen presence in time and space, this essay turns to a reading of an Israeli woman's novelistic treatment of a geographically and culturally diverse Jewish family, whose characteristics challenge the State of Israel's myth of national homogeneity. Ronit Matalon's, The One Facing Us, which juxtaposes a version of what Julia Kristeva calls 'women's time' with the historical time of the state, restores the diverse forms of co-presence that are denied in the discourses of nation-state legitimation. Her novel, along with the other genres treated in this analysis, encourages an understanding of politics that resists the identity-fixing effect of a state-oriented model of political space and the homogenizing of the temporal presence of citizen-subjects. More generally, the writing performances treated in this essay cast political interaction as a continuous negotiation of co-presence among those with diverse ways of being-in-time. UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/rcus/2000/00000014/00000001/art00005 ID - 520 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shaw, Jenny PY - 1994 TI - Punctuality and the Everyday Ethics of Time: Some Evidence from the Mass Observation Archive SP - 79-97 JF - Time & Society VL - 3 IS - 1 N1 - Punctuality and the Everyday Ethics of Time: Some Evidence from the Mass Observation Archive N1 - 10.1177/0961463X94003001004 KW - punctuality ethics Sociology inclusion/exclusion Method: qualitative Method: archives Gender aging labour time Class social time Time as symbolic Relevance: 2 Social structure etiquette archives solidarity Durkheim N2 - A taken-for-granted aspect of everyday life is that people are usually punctual. This norm is so well established that a common sense understanding of unpunctuality as a personality defect prevails in the social science literature. Drawing on qualitative and experiential data from the Mass Observation Archive, this paper argues that punctuality is less a matter of individual virtue and more one of age, gender and work situation. It proposes that a close study of these differentiating `surface' conditions leads back to more fundamental questions of social structure and solidarity. The sentiments underlying the norm demanding unconditional punctuality correspond to, and may be a legacy of, the `mechanical solidarity' that Durkheim stressed underpinned even the most complex and advanced societies. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/3/1/79.abstract ID - 872 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shaw, Mary AU - Dorling, Daniel AU - Gordon, David AU - Smith, George Davey PY - 2001 TI - Putting time, person and place together: The temporal, social and spatial accumulation of health inequality SP - 289-304 JF - Critical Public Health VL - 11 IS - 4 SN - 0958-1596 N1 - Putting time, person and place together: The temporal, social and spatial accumulation of health inequality KW - place inclusion/exclusion health change over time Geography human Geography Migration life course Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: It is now firmly established that there are social and spatial inequalities in health in Britain, and that these have been widening since the late 1970s/early 1980s. Since the publication of the hugely influential Black Report (DHSS, 1980) a growing body of research has documented the growth of health inequalities in Britain and many researchers have debated their cause. Our own research has drawn upon, and added to, this now substantial body of research. From this research we present data on the extent of health inequalities in Britain in both social and spatial terms. In the . rst section of the paper we present evidence of the widening health gap over time in two ways. First of all we look at how the geography of health inequalities has changed from the early 1950s to the late 1990s.We then look at inequalities in health at different points across the life course, from the cradle to the grave. In the second section of the paper we turn our attention to the processes that have contributed to the social and spatial accumulation of health inequalities and how these interact with the clustering of socioeconomic advantages that accumulate over the life course. We show the role of migration in producing and exacerbating geographical inequalities in health, and how migration itself can be seen as a response to socioeconomic conditions and circumstances. Finally, we end by considering the implications of our . ndings for policies that aim to redress health inequalities. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/09581590110098158 ID - 661 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sheppard, Eric PY - 2002 TI - The Spaces and Times of Globalization: Place, Scale, Networks, and Positionality SP - 307-330 JF - Economic Geography VL - 78 IS - 3 SN - 00130095 N1 - The Spaces and Times of Globalization: Place, Scale, Networks, and Positionality KW - Geography globalisation economics time and space non-linear time critical temporalities Relevance: 3 networks narrative trajectories N2 - Discussions of the spatiality of globalization have largely focused on place-based attributes that fix globalization locally, on globalization as the construction of scale, and on networks as a distinctive feature of contemporary globalization. By contrast, position within the global economy is frequently regarded as anachronistic in a shrinking, networked world. A critical review of how place, scale, and networks are used as metaphors for the spatiality of globalization suggests that space/time still matters. Positionality (position in relational space/time within the global economy) is conceptualized as both shaping and shaped by the trajectories of globalization and as influencing the conditions of possibility of places in a globalizing world. The wormhole is invoked as a way of describing the concrete geographies of positionality and their non-Euclidean relationship to the Earth's surface. The inclusion of positionality challenges the simplicity of pro- and antiglobalization narratives and can change how we think about globalization and devise strategies to alter its trajectory. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4140812 ID - 272 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sherover, Charles M. PY - 1989 BT - Time, Freedom, and the Common Good: An Essay in Public Philosophy CY - Albany PB - SUNY Press N1 - Time, Freedom, and the Common Good: An Essay in Public Philosophy KW - political time Relevance: 2 philosophy Political philosophy politics Phenomenology Pragmatism normativity politics critical temporalities Belonging Josiah Royce Aristotle Charles Sherover Continental Philosophy N2 - Not available - from review (http://www.interpretationjournal.com/backissues/Vol_18-2.pdf): Contemporary political life, marked by conflicting claims to entitlement, requires clear normative principles for evaluating these claims. Yet few contemporary philosophers outside the province of the Left have advanced a systematically worked out, comprehensive view of our social being rigorous enough to function as an ontological framework for making such evaluations. Professor Sherover goes far in accomplishing this. Time, Freedom, and the Common Good is a carefully conceived and tightly argued work and may well be foundational for current political debates. Drawing from the phenomenological and pragmatic traditions, Sherover presents an "authentic descriptive understanding" of our actual social being centered on what he calls the "three principles of polity," i.e., the existential categories of our actual social life. This descriptive task comprises the first section of the book. The second part sets out some of the normative criteria which flow from these categories, and a last section, "The Discipline of Freedom," takes up specific issues in contemporary public policy, including an agenda to be discharged and an appropriate method to be used for evaluating social programs if we are genuinely to pursue a common good. Sherover puts forth three categories which he takes to be constitutive of our social being: membership, temporality, and freedom. These are derived in several ways: as a thoughtful appropriation from our political heritage as grounded in the Greeks, through a phenomenological, i.e., rigorously descriptive, approach to ordinary experience, and dialectically as a transcendental analysis of those structures grounding the very possibility of social being itself. Thus the book founds the notion of membership, for example, on an Aristotelian conception of the polis and the primacy of the social, on the notion of individual identity as requiring linguistic community and social membership, and on a Roycean notion of self-consciousness as an emergent from the social whole. In each case, these multiple perspectives are mutually reinforcing and add up to a carefully elaborated notion of our social being. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kYJQUGmaZEYC ID - 980 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shifflett, Peggy A. PY - 1987 TI - Future Time Perspective, Past Experiences, and Negotiation of Food Use Patterns among the Aged SP - 611-615 N1 - October 1, 1987 JF - The Gerontologist VL - 27 IS - 5 N1 - Future Time Perspective, Past Experiences, and Negotiation of Food Use Patterns among the Aged M3 - 10.1093/geront/27.5.611 KW - aging future orientation time perspective habits health Past in the present Relevance: 3 N2 - Reported are findings of an in-depth study of how aged persons negotiated both externally and internally motivated food habit changes. The findings suggested that certain past experiences, in conjunction with a negative or positive view of the future, resulted in varying levels of compliance with special diets. UR - http://gerontologist.oxfordjournals.org/content/27/5/611.abstract ID - 2022 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Shimada, Shingo PY - 1995 TI - Social Time and Modernity in Japan: An Exploration of Concepts and a Cultural Comparison SP - 251-260 JF - Time & Society VL - 4 IS - 2 N1 - Social Time and Modernity in Japan: An Exploration of Concepts and a Cultural Comparison N1 - 10.1177/0961463X95004002005 KW - Japan social time modernity Method: comparative analysis in/commensurability between times cultural variants of time changing perceptions of time history identity time discipline Relevance: 2 Time reckoning N2 - The assertion that time and space are not easily exchangeable between cultures is explored with reference to the nineteenth-century processes by which the Western system of time regulation became adopted by Japanese society. Particular attention is paid to the role this transformation played in the construction of cultural identity. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/4/2/251 ID - 719 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Shove, Elizabeth AU - Trentmann, Frank AU - Wilk, Richard R. PY - 2009 TI - Time, consumption and everyday life: practice, materiality and culture CY - Oxford and New York PB - Berg N1 - Time, consumption and everyday life: practice, materiality and culture KW - Materiality Acceleration of time changing perceptions of time Social coordination time management critical temporalities Geography Sociology History Anthropology philosophy Rhythms Routines cyclical time Seasonal time power Transport technologies Mobility across communities social time Multiple temporalities agriculture clock time calendars Scheduling agency consumerism ethics Relevance: 2 commemorative events seasonal time Deceleration of time N2 - Has material civilization spun out of control, becoming too fast for our own well-being and that of the planet? This book confronts these anxieties and examines the changing rhythms and temporal organization of everyday life. How do people handle hurriedness, burn-out and stress? Are slower forms of consumption viable? This volume brings together international experts from geography, sociology, history, anthropology and philosophy. In case studies covering the United States, Asia, and Europe, contributors follow routines and rhythms, their emotional and political dynamics, and show how they are anchored in material culture and everyday practice. Running themes of the book are questions of coordination and disruption; cycles and seasons; and the interplay between power and freedom, and between material and natural forces. The result is a volume that brings studies of practice, temporality and material culture together to open up a new intellectual agenda. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Time_consumption_and_everyday_life.html?id=nF3cUk-UdAEC ID - 2059 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Shulevitz, Judith PY - 2010 BT - The Sabbath World: Glimpses of a Different Order of Time CY - New York PB - Random House N1 - The Sabbath World: Glimpses of a Different Order of Time KW - Relevance: 1 temporal boundaries Acceleration of time history christianity Judaism religion conceptions of time experiential time Suspensions of everyday time critical temporalities leisure time time spent with community scheduling literature N2 - “Everyone curls up inside a Sabbath at some point or other. Religion need not be involved.” The Sabbath is not just the holy day of rest. It’s also a utopian idea about a less pressured, more sociable, purer world. Where did this notion come from? Is there value in withdrawing from the world one day in seven, despite its obvious inconvenience in an age of convenience? And what will be lost if the Sabbath goes away? In this erudite, elegantly written book, critic Judith Shulevitz weaves together histories of the Jewish and Christian sabbaths, speculations on the nature of time, and a rueful account of her personal struggle with the day. Shulevitz has found insights into the Sabbath in both cultural and contemporary sources—the Torah, the Gospels, the Talmud, and the writings of the Apostolic Fathers, as well as in the poetry of William Wordsworth, the life of Sigmund Freud, and the science of neuropsychology. She tells stories of martyrdom by Jews who died en masse rather than fight on the Sabbath and describes the feverish Sabbatarianism of the American Puritans. And she counterposes the tyranny of religious law with the equally oppressive tyranny of the clock. Can we really flourish under the yoke of communal discipline, as preachers and rabbis like to tell us? What about being free to live as we please? Can we preserve what the Sabbath gives us—a time outside time—without following its rules? Whatever our faith or lack thereof, this rich and resonant meditation on the day of rest will remind us of the danger of letting time drive us heedlessly forward without ever stopping to reflect. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NMUhS6YKf6wC ID - 2060 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Siegel, David I. PY - 2001 TI - Time and Social Work: Multicultural Variables SP - 73-85 JF - New Global Development VL - 17 IS - 2 SN - 1080-9716 N1 - Time and Social Work: Multicultural Variables KW - social work Development in/commensurability between times Perception of time cultural variants of time Anthropology Method: ethnography time and space Temporal flow inclusion/exclusion organisational temporalities Coevalness methodology temporality of academic work Assumptions about time obscuring x Relevance: 2 N2 - Multidisciplinary research indicates a broad range of Bio/Psycho/Social/Cultural variables determine one's perception of time. This article focuses on the relationship between culture and time perception and its significance for social work practice. Review of anthropological and ethnographic study shows time perception relates to what is meaningful for a culture and its conception of space, its place in the economic and social system, how it sees time's passage, and its experience with oppression. In the current era of managed care, the structures, dimensions, and theories of social work and other worker's practice reflect the time perceptions of the majority culture and may not respond to those of various other cultures. Development of cultural dimensions of time perception enables consideration of their influence for social work practice. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/17486830108412619 ID - 649 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Silverman, Eric Kline PY - 1997 TI - Politics, Gender, and Time in Melanesia and Aboriginal Australia SP - 101-121 JF - Ethnology VL - 36 IS - 2 SN - 00141828 N1 - Politics, Gender, and Time in Melanesia and Aboriginal Australia KW - social time politics Anthropology Australia Papua New Guinea myth Gender indigenous Australians indigenous peoples Relevance: 2 N2 - This article interprets the symbolism and politics of Iatmul time (Sepik River, Papua New Guinea). Social life is structured by different forms of time (e.g., totemism, myth, Omaha terminologies, ritual). Furthermore, mythic history is a mode of ritual politics. Finally, Iatmul time symbolizes paradoxes of gender. The article concludes by comparing the temporality and gender of Melanesian cosmology with the Aboriginal dreamtime. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3774078 ID - 258 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Singh, Labh PY - 1970 TI - Motivation and progress effects on psychological time in Indian communities SP - 100-103 JF - Indian Journal of Psychology VL - 6 IS - 2 N1 - Motivation and progress effects on psychological time in Indian communities AN - ISI:A1970Y287300008 KW - psychology future orientation Progress Relevance: 3 cultural variants of time India Hinduism islam christianity N2 - 40 male college students from each of 4 major Indian communities (Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, and Christian) made a subjective comparison between the length of 2 6-min periods of time. The 1st period was spent in looking at a photographic magazine and the 2nd working on a letter cancellation sheet. For the 2nd period, Ss were assigned to 1 of 2 motivation conditions, high or low, and 1 of 2 progress conditions, fast or slow. The experiment was replicated for each of the 4 communities and each group's data were analyzed in a factorial design with motivation and progress rates as independent variables and time estimation as a dependent variable. At the end, Ss compared the 2 periods of time. For the Sikh and Christian Ss the time estimates were inversely related to progress under high motivation but unaffected under low motivation. No other effect was significant. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) UR - http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1971-28027-001 ID - 840 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smid, Karen PY - 2010 TI - Resting at Creation and Afterlife: Distant Times in the Ordinary Strategies of Muslim Women in the Rural Fouta Djallon, Guinea SP - 36-52 JF - American Ethnologist VL - 37 IS - 1 SN - 00940496 N1 - Resting at Creation and Afterlife: Distant Times in the Ordinary Strategies of Muslim Women in the Rural Fouta Djallon, Guinea KW - Anthropology religion Islam Africa gender Agency Relevance: 3 past in the present time as symbolic resource western imperialism N2 - Although anthropologists have discredited use of the liberal and secular concept of "agency" for explaining Muslim women's behavior, their evidence comes from women who still appear rather agentive to Western readers, hence, muting the necessity and consequences of discovering and applying the women's own ethical and religious terms in their analysis. In Guinea's rural Fouta Djallon, women are not prone to mobilize and make self-interested decisions with immediately observable outcomes. Therefore, understanding them on their own terms requires greater attention to their religious frameworks, namely, to their use of visions of creation and afterlife to define themselves and strategize for redemption. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2010.01240.x/abstract ID - 252 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Smith, Julie Ann PY - 2010 TI - Clausura Districta: Conceiving Space and Community for Dominican Nuns in the Thirteenth Century SP - 13-36 JF - Parergon VL - 27 IS - 2 SN - 1832-8334 N1 - Clausura Districta: Conceiving Space and Community for Dominican Nuns in the Thirteenth Century N1 - Project Muse KW - Religion women religious communities organisational temporalities history time management time discipline Relevance: 3 N2 - The institutions formulated and inscribed for the Dominican nuns during the thirteenth century form a valuable case study for understanding conceptions of space and enclosure for religious women in the period. Enclosure consisted not simply of the imposition, and protection, of walls, doors, and locks. It also required the vigilant shaping and monitoring of behaviours, and, most importantly, the development of a state of mind that enabled the individual nun to ensure her own personal enclosure. Thus, enclosure is not simply statutory; it is an ongoing exchange between institutions, community, and the individual nun. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/parergon/v027/27.2.smith.html ID - 93 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Smith, John E. PY - 1992 BT - America's Philosophical Vision CY - Chicago PB - University of Chicago Press N1 - America's Philosophical Vision N1 - Philosophers Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Philosophy Pragmatism method: dynamic rather than static relevance: 2 Dewey Josiah Royce William James Charles Peirce social change critique of discipline N2 - These essays focus the unique contribution of Peirce, James, Royce, and Dewey to a philosophical outlook which takes time and change seriously, rejects certainty without falling into scepticism, recognizes the social situation in which science develops, understands the interplay between morality, religion and science and defends the reality of community against both individualism and collectivism. The book presents a challenge to those who seek to enlist the classical American philosophers in support of "the end of philosophy" or the belief that philosophy must be turned into "literature" in order to survive. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=I1Tkqux5s0UC ID - 180 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Smith, Laurajane AU - Waterton, Emma PY - 2009 BT - Heritage, Communities and Archaeology CY - London PB - Gerald Duckworth & Co. N1 - Heritage, Communities and Archaeology KW - Heritage Archaeology community archaeology temporality of academic work community engagement communication memory identity methodology relevance: 2 N2 - This book traces the development of 'community archaeology', identifying both its advantages and disadvantages by describing how and why tensions have arisen between archaeological and community understandings of the past. The focus of this book is the conceptual disjunction between heritage and data and the problems this poses for both archaeologists and communities in communicating and engaging with each other. In order to explain the extent of the miscommunication that can occur, the authors examine the ways in which a range of community groups, including communities of expertise, define and negotiate memory and identity. Importantly, they explore the ways in which these expressions are used, or are taken up, in struggles over cultural recognition - and ultimately, the practical, ethical, political and theoretical implications this has for archaeologists engaging in community work. Finally, they argue that there are very real advantages for archaeological research, theory and practice to be gained from engaging with communities. UR - http://www.ducknet.co.uk/academic/title.php?titleissue_id=912 ID - 938 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Smith, Mark M. PY - 1997 BT - Mastered by the clock : time, slavery, and freedom in the American South CY - Chapel Hill PB - University of North Carolina Press N1 - Mastered by the clock : time, slavery, and freedom in the American South KW - clock time USA Labour time economics time discipline history Colonialism slavery time use social time transport technologies modernity Relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion power changing perceptions of time Seasonal time time as tool for managing percieved threats asynchrony N2 - Mastered by the Clock is the first work to explore the evolution of clock-based time consciousness in the American South. Challenging traditional assumptions about the plantation economy's reliance on a premodern, nature-based conception of time, Mark M. Smith shows how and why southerners--particularly masters and their slaves--came to view the clock as a legitimate arbiter of time. Drawing on an extraordinary range of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century archival sources, Smith demonstrates that white southern slaveholders began to incorporate this new sense of time in the 1830s. Influenced by colonial merchants' fascination with time thrift, by a long-held familiarity with urban, public time, by the transport and market revolution in the South, and by their own qualified embrace of modernity, slaveowners began to purchase timepieces in growing numbers, adopting a clock-based conception of time and attempting in turn to instill a similar consciousness in their slaves. But, forbidden to own watches themselves, slaves did not internalize this idea to the same degree as their masters, and slaveholders found themselves dependent as much on the whip as on the clock when enforcing slaves' obedience to time. Ironically, Smith shows, freedom largely consolidated the dependence of masters as well as freedpeople on the clock UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cIaSAKm7QowC ID - 521 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Snowden, D. PY - 2000 BT - Knowledge Horizons : The Present and the Promise of Knowledge Management ED - Despres, C ED - Chauvel, D CT - Cynefin: a sense of time and space, the social ecology of knowledge management CY - Oxford PB - Butterworth Heinemann N1 - Cynefin: a sense of time and space, the social ecology of knowledge management KW - Knowledge knowledge management organisational temporalities management Relevance: unknown N2 - not available Abstract for the book: Knowledge Horizons charts the feasible future for knowledge management. This practical and provocative resource presents the work of many of the leading voices in knowledge management and related disciplines, who explore the current trends and offer pragmatic and authoritative thinking on applied knowledge management from a variety of positions. Knowledge management is the new frontier for businesses, organizations, and institutions of all kinds. For those that hope to conquer this new territory, establishing a better understanding of current and future knowledge management trends and adoption of the most effective practices is imperitive. There are numerous options for executives: intranets, extranets, groupware, and core competencies are continually being refined. New entitites and rules in terms of intellectual capital and the "Chief Knowledge Officer" are emerging. Knowledge Horizons addresses these issues by exploring current and future knowledge management trends, gauging the future value of knowledge management investments, and how they will drive new business initiatives, and integrates the experience and insights of managers and cutting-edge research from experts in the field. Helps knowledge managers understand current and future knowledge management trends Enables organizations to gauge the future value of knowledge management investments and how they will drive new business initiatives Pragmatically integrates the experience and insights of managers and consultants with cutting-edge academic knowledge management research UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=LR3amB6hHE0C ID - 847 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sorokin, Pitirim A. PY - 1964 BT - Sociocultural causality, space, time: a study of referential principles of sociology and social science CY - New York PB - Russell & Russell N1 - Sociocultural causality, space, time: a study of referential principles of sociology and social science KW - Causality time and space sociology methodology social time Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from book review: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2770487 A skeleton of Professor Sorokin's theory as given in the present book may be presented as follows: Sociology and the social sciences must stop imitating the natural sciences (chap. i, "Declaration of Independence of Sociology and the Social Sciences from the Natural Sciences"). The important referential principles of the natural sciences are causality, space, and time. For use in the social sciences, these must be transformed into the homologous, but profoundly different, sociocultural causality, space, and time. Nor can they be applied without consideration of the difference between systems and congeries and of the three-plane structure of sociocultural phenomena UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=6CQiAAAAMAAJ ID - 692 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sorokin, Pitirim A. AU - Merton, Robert K. PY - 1937 TI - Social Time: A Methodological and Functional Analysis SP - 615-629 JF - The American Journal of Sociology VL - 42 IS - 5 SN - 00029602 N1 - Social Time: A Methodological and Functional Analysis KW - social time Relevance: 2 Sociology time as symbolic resource labour time social coordination Scheduling cultural variants of time Commemorative events Methodology Periodicity coordinating between different times N2 - The category of astronomical time is only one of several concepts of time. Such concepts differ in the fields of philosophy, psychology, and economics. An operational definition of expressions of time in common usage shows that social phenomena are frequently adopted as a frame of reference so that units of time are often fixed by the rhythm of collective life. The need for social collaboration is at the root of social systems of time. Social time is qualitatively differentiated according to the beliefs and customs common to the group. Social time is not continuous but is interrupted by critical dates. All calendrical systems arise from and are perpetuated by social requirements. They arise from social differentiation and a widening area of social interaction. It is possible that the introduction of social time as a methodological category would enhance the discovery of social periodicities. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2767758 ID - 672 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Southerton, Dale PY - 2003 TI - `Squeezing Time': Allocating Practices, Coordinating Networks and Scheduling Society SP - 5-25 JF - Time & Society VL - 12 IS - 1 N1 - `Squeezing Time': Allocating Practices, Coordinating Networks and Scheduling Society N1 - 10.1177/0961463X03012001001 KW - acceleration of time time allocation networks Scheduling Perception of time Sociology Method: Interviews narrative social coordination time use time management temporal conflict Synchronicity Technology Care work Relevance: 2 coordinating between different times urban communities N2 - The `time squeeze', notions of `rush' and `harried' are popular concerns in contemporary society. This article reports on interviews with 20 suburban households who all suggested that people feel increasingly harried. Respondents were quick to suggest a set of generic narratives to explain the causes of `harriedness', notably that people `work more' and `consume more' - the same explanation offered by prominent academic analyses. However, such explanations did not tally with their `experiences' of harriedness. It is argued that `harriedness' was generated by a felt need to allocate and schedule practices within designated time frames (which created hot spots). This was `necessary' in order to coordinate practices within social networks and to `free-up' other time frames (cold spots) for interaction with significant others. On the one hand, this suggests a rationalized conception of time as subject to personal control. On the other, such individual responses (to schedule and allocate) to the perceived `time squeeze' were responses to a collective problem. In a society where increasingly people feel the need to generate personal schedules, temporal alignment within networks becomes problematic. In attempting to schedule practices, which often required employment of convenience devices and services, respondents reported a growing anxiety that care is compromised by convenience. It was this anxiety that made the `time squeeze' discourse meaningful to respondents. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/12/1/5.abstract ID - 893 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Southerton, Dale PY - 2006 TI - Analysing the Temporal Organization of Daily Life SP - 435-454 N1 - June 1, 2006 JF - Sociology VL - 40 IS - 3 N1 - Analysing the Temporal Organization of Daily Life M3 - 10.1177/0038038506063668 KW - sociology social time Method: Interviews leisure time Multiple temporalities Scheduling Sequence methodology Relevance: 2 time reckoning time allocation cultural variants of time sequence life course N2 - There is a tension in time studies between measuring and accounting for the changing distribution of units of time across social activities, and explaining temporal experiences. By analysing in-depth interviews with 27 people, this article employs a theory of practice to explore the relationship between respondents’ ‘non-work’ practices and five dimensions of time. It hypothesizes that practices which demand a fixed location within daily schedules anchor temporal organization, around which are sequenced sets of interrelated practices. A third category of practices fills the gaps that emerge within temporal sequences.The most significant socio-demographic constraints (gender, age, life-course and education) that shaped how respondents engaged and experienced practices in relation to the five dimensions of time are then considered. It is argued that the relationship between different types of social practices, five dimensions of time and sociodemographic constraints presents a conceptual framework for the systematic analysis of differential temporal experiences. UR - http://soc.sagepub.com/content/40/3/435.abstract ID - 523 ER - TY - THES AU - Spanou, Sofia-Irini PY - 2008 TI - Housing memory: architecture, materiality and time CY - Edinburgh PB - The University of Edinburgh, Archeology M1 - PhD N1 - Peltenburg, Eddie N1 - Housing memory: architecture, materiality and time N1 - cites relevant author KW - Archaeology; Memory; generations; identity; experiential time; Social time; landscape; action; temporal conflict; materiality; Anthropology; Relevance: 1; perception of time; Separation from the past; methodology; forgetting; time as symbolic resource; orientation within time; Architecture; europe; Monuments; method: life histories N2 - This thesis is concerned with the concept of memory, its role in inter-generational transmission, and identity formation, within the context of pre-literate, small-scale societies. It explores different mnemonic practices in relation to different perceptions of time, and the continuities or discontinuities (locational, temporal and symbolic) with the past they create, as part of exploring aspects of cultural cognition in prehistory. Through these three interrelated concepts – memory, time, and cognition – and their intricate relationships with material culture, especially architecture, landscapes, practical action and social life, the aim is to suggest a theoretical and methodological framework within which to explore how memory of the past was not only formed, maintained and transmitted but also transformed, concealed or ‘destroyed’ in the prehistoric present. The geographical and chronological framework of this study is provided by the rich archaeological record of early prehistoric Cyprus. Through the concept of memory, and using selected site data‐sets at different spatial and temporal scales, the objective is to offer a more textured narrative of socio-cultural developments on the island that take into consideration the questions of how continuity and change are perceived and experienced, how individuals and communities ‘see’ themselves in history, and what some of the practices and material media are that shape autobiographical and social memory. Early Cypriot prehistory is characterised by a, largely, domestic landscape occupied by small‐scale communities, where public or monumental architecture as well as long‐lived tell sites are not explicitly attested. Rather than explaining away these ‘anomalies’, this thesis delves into the study of the ‘ordinary landscape’ of houses and communities in time and space and at different scales in accordance with our research aims. It, thus, diverges from the current archaeological research on memory and the monumental and regards architecture as a biographical object that encapsulates personal and communal histories. The analytical strategies that are employed in this study involve an examination of two closely related elements. First, the temporal depth of activities with regard to the life histories of buildings and people and how these intersect with larger patterns of social memory are explored. Secondly, through a topoanalysis, the spatiality and visual boundaries of remembering and forgetting, through the medium of architecture, are examined. Similar issues have recently attracted a lot of attention from many disciplines. In an attempt to link the various, often ambiguous, conceptualisations of memory – as a cognitive process, as a social construct or as an experiential domain – with archaeological ‘visibility’ and methodology this research utilises insights from a variety of cross-disciplinary sources. This research is a contribution towards the past in the past approach by: a. building on these works and expanding our current understanding of issues of cultural transmission and memory by striking a better balance between ‘inscription’ and ‘incorporated practices’ social and biographical memory, material and ephemeral contexts (chapters 1, 4-5). This is attempted by using an explicit multi-scalar approach to the material and a practice-based interpretative framework (chapters 2-3); b. demonstrating contextually the limitations and possibilities of the theoretical endeavour in practical contexts through dealing with the ambiguities and incompleteness of archaeological assemblages, depositional patterns and stratigraphic sequences, as well as with palimpsests of activities in settlement contexts, with the underlying aim to understand the various dimensions of continuity and discontinuity (chapters 6-8); c. critically examining concepts from a rapidly growing multi-disciplinary literature and their often problematic applications to prehistoric material and juxtapose the Western model of memory with anthropological insights (chapter 9). UR - http://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/4073 ID - 234 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty PY - 2003 TI - The staging of time in Heremakhonon SP - 85 - 97 JF - Cultural Studies VL - 17 IS - 1 SN - 0950-2386 N1 - The staging of time in Heremakhonon KW - literary theory Memory History temporal conflict literature gender Reproductive time shared past non-linear time Multiple temporalities Relevance: 3 Sexuality reproductive time Ancestry Separation from the past Africa Slavery Cultural Studies N2 - The question of how individual memory fits, or more accurately, does not fit with history is at the heart of this paper on Maryse Condes novel Heremakhonon about Veronica Mercier, a character who was born in Guadeloupe, lived in Paris and travels to West Africa in search of an ancestry that was interrupted by slavery. Suggesting that readings that focus on Mercier as a character are limited in approach, it reads the novel as a staging of time and is attentive to the gaps between thought and speech, between memory and history, between Guadeloupe and Africa, and between women’s personal sexual pleasure and the impersonal reproductive body that interrupt the narrative. The central character’s personal quest for her African roots – for ‘niggers with ancestors’, for Africa as a singular lost object, which necessarily involves ignoring the subaltern – is nuanced by the novel’s deployment of heterogeneous time. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/0950238032000050823 ID - 524 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spurk, Jan PY - 2004 TI - Simultaneity Within Non-Simultaneity?: Continuity, Rupture, Emergence – on the Temporal Dynamic of Social Formation SP - 41-49 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 1 N1 - Simultaneity Within Non-Simultaneity?: Continuity, Rupture, Emergence – on the Temporal Dynamic of Social Formation N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04040745 KW - Simultaneity non-linear time multiple temporalities history Past in the present temporal conflict Relevance: 2 continuity over time social change asynchrony Becoming Acceleration of time N2 - This article focuses on the continuity-rupture-emergence approach that characterizes simultaneous and nonsimultaneous temporalities. It addresses the different ways individual and collective actors participate in history with the help of their experiences and expectations. Although the ‘speeding up’ process increasingly influences contemporary societies, society formation remains anchored to continuities linking it to the past. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/13/1/41.abstract ID - 900 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Standifer, Rhetta AU - Bluedorn, Allen PY - 2006 TI - Alliance management teams and entrainment: Sharing temporal mental models SP - 903-927 JF - Human Relations VL - 59 IS - 7 N1 - Alliance management teams and entrainment: Sharing temporal mental models N1 - 10.1177/0018726706067596 KW - Management organisational temporalities social coordination entrainment time use orientation within time Coevalness time as missing element Relevance: 2 coordinating between different times N2 - Creating and administrating successful strategic alliances poses a significant challenge to interorganizational managerial teams. Using shared mental model theory as a framework, we propose that the effectiveness of these managerial teams can be increased if the team shares a common temporal mental model with regard to the alliance. Specifically, a shared mental model in terms of the elements of entrainment (e.g. cycle, pace, time orientation) will allow team members to actively assess and better manage entrainment issues which we suggest are a crucial component of strategic alliances, although not one that has been studied to a great extent. UR - http://hum.sagepub.com/content/59/7/903.abstract ID - 2042 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Steer, Philip PY - 2008 TI - National Pasts and Imperial Futures: Temporality, Economics, and Empire in William Morris's News from Nowhere (1890) and Julius Vogel's Anno Domino 2000 (1889) SP - 49-72 JF - Utopian Studies VL - 19 IS - 1 SN - 1045991X N1 - National Pasts and Imperial Futures: Temporality, Economics, and Empire in William Morris's News from Nowhere (1890) and Julius Vogel's Anno Domino 2000 (1889) KW - utopia literary theory economics colonialism New Zealand U.K. Relevance: 3 national time the past the future science fiction western imperialism N2 - none available UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20719891 ID - 256 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Steiner, Dirk D. AU - Mark, Melvin M. PY - 1985 TI - The Impact of a Community Action Group: An Illustration of the Potential of Time Series Analysis for the Study of Community Groups SP - 13 JF - American Journal of Community Psychology VL - 13 SN - 0091-0562 N1 - The Impact of a Community Action Group: An Illustration of the Potential of Time Series Analysis for the Study of Community Groups N1 - Periodicals Archive Online KW - Psychology Activism method: time series analysis Methodology social Change Relevance: 2 N2 - Community action groups are important in creating social change at the local level, and also have important effects on participants. An evaluation of the effectiveness of a community action group is presented. An interrupted time series design is employed. A community group initiated a mass withdrawal campaign against a bank in protest of a planned mortgage interest increase. Results indicated that the group's actions led to a significant reduction in the passbook savings account holdings in the bank. It is argued that interrupted time series methods hold great potential for the studey of community action groups, as well as in other reseach areas in community psychology. Methods for time series analysis are briefly described. UR - http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:c034-1985-013-01-000002 ID - 99 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stephan, G. Edward PY - 1972 TI - Interacting Populations in Space and Time: A Paradigm for the Quantitative Analysis of Social Structure SP - 309-326 JF - The Pacific Sociological Review VL - 15 IS - 3 SN - 00308919 N1 - Interacting Populations in Space and Time: A Paradigm for the Quantitative Analysis of Social Structure KW - Sociology Method: quantitative methodology structuralism Biology organisational temporalities social Change ecology change over time Relevance: 3 Social structure ecological communities N2 - not available - from the text: In a previous issue of this review (Stephan, 1970), I suggested that the study of community structures might be enhanced if human ecologists employed the kind of quantitative, multispecies approach which bioecologists apply to the study of biotic communities. Although that approach was proposed primarily for the study of community structure by human ecologists, it seems to me that it could be fruitfully extended to encompass the study of organization and change in any kind of social structure. The present paper is an attempt to develop this point of view. The underlying idea is that phenomena which we usually picture in terms of "structure" (organizations, role structures, community structures, social systems, and so forth) can often be analyzed in terms of populations and their interactions in space and time. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1388349 ID - 688 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stephens, A. C. PY - 2010 TI - Citizenship without community: Time, design and the city SP - 31-46 JF - Citizenship Studies VL - 14 IS - 1 SN - 1362-1025 N1 - Citizenship without community: Time, design and the city AN - WOS:000274907900003 M3 - 10.1080/13621020903466282 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Cities politics temporal vs spatial communities multiple temporalities memory museums Art non-homogeneous community Relevance: 1 political theory method: dynamic rather than static non-linear time Unpredictibility Germany Judaism U.K. citizenship political community N2 - This article engages with the concept of design as a way of re-working the standard understanding of citizenship as what takes place within a political community. In doing so, the paper draws on recent attempts to rethink citizenship as 'acts' rather than status and seeks to bring that work together with attempts at re-imagining community as 'encounters' and 'confrontations' rather than that which is contained within a bounded space. Specifically, the paper argues for an approach that is attentive to ideas of time and seeks to open up an idea of community that avoids the requirement of commonality. Using a focus on citizenship as a temporal phenomenon, the article suggests that designers have engaged with ideas of time as multiple, fragmented and splintered, and that these form useful material for reworking ideas of community beyond something that can be calculated. The article offers a study of two sites of memory drawn from the city of Berlin, Daniel Libeskind's Jewish Museum and Peter Eisenmann's Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, and an art installation by the artist Gustav Metzger called Flailing Trees exhibited at the Manchester International Festival of 2009. Gathering material offered by these designs, and a tradition of writing the city as a splintered social space, the article explores the different forms of community that circulate and are instantiated at these 'sites of memory' and argues for an understanding of community without unity. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a919365837?words=time|community&hash=1895422429 ID - 1 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stephens, Carlene PY - 1989 TI - "The Most Reliable Time": William Bond, the New England Railroads, and Time Awareness in 19th-Century America SP - 1-24 JF - Technology and Culture VL - 30 IS - 1 SN - 0040165X N1 - "The Most Reliable Time": William Bond, the New England Railroads, and Time Awareness in 19th-Century America KW - Transport technologies social coordination Changing perceptions of time USA history Technology clock time Synchronicity time as missing element time discipline Relevance: 2 time reckoning N2 - not available - from the intro: It is a truism that modern American life runs by the clock. Clocks synchronize our communal activities, and that they do so is at once useful and tyrannical. As fundamental as this duality is, though, precisely how it came to govern our lives has yet to be explained in a comprehensive way. Fragmentary evidence hints at the story's complexity. A vast literature on clocks and watches exists, but that literature generally slants toward the stylistic interests of the collector. Other clues have surfaced in studies of American factory discipline and scientific management's time-and-motion studies. Still, we have no solid study of the interaction of timekeeping technology with the way 19th-century Americans experienced time As a step toward explaining the interaction, this article offers a revealing episode from the middle of the 19th century. Science, technology, and commerce intersect in the story of how William Cranch Bond-first director of the Harvard College Observatory and owner of a lucrative instrument supply firm in Boston-supplied "the most reliable time" to the railroads emanating from that city UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3105429 ID - 2029 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Stephens, Carlene E. PY - 2002 BT - On time: how America has learned to live by the clock CY - Boston PB - The Bulfinch Press N1 - On time: how America has learned to live by the clock KW - USA Clock time Heritage history Change over time clocks time zones changing perceptions of time history of changing perceptions of time Technology Relevance: 2 industrialisation Museums time reckoning N2 - Have you ever wondered who came up with time zones, or why we adjust our clocks at daylight savings time? This entertainingly written, generously illustrated book, drawn from a popular exhibit at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, provides the answers to these and dozens of other questions about time. "On Time" showcases unusual timepieces from the museum's collection, such as Helen Keller's pocket watch and the earliest bedside alarm clocks, and brings to life some of the lesser-known characters and events that have shaped the way we think about time today. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=bgZMYgEACAAJ ID - 983 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Strazdins, L. AU - Griffin, A. L. AU - Broom, D. H. AU - Banwell, C. AU - Korda, R. AU - Dixon, J. AU - Paolucci, g AU - Glover, g PY - 2011 TI - Time scarcity: another health inequality? SP - 545-559 JF - Environment and Planning A VL - 43 IS - 3 N1 - Time scarcity: another health inequality? KW - time scarcity temporal inequality health care Policy Geography Poverty Class time as missing element time allocation social time care work labour time Gender status life course normativity social coordination Unpredictibility linear time temporal conflict Multiple temporalities time management Urban communities cities Relevance: 2 families Australia USA care work N2 - Considerable policy action has focused on the social patterning of health, especially the health risks associated with low income. More recent attention has turned to transport, food systems, workplaces, and location, and the way their intersections with social position and income create health inequalities. Time is another dimension that structures what people do; yet the way in which time contours health has been neglected. This paper explores (a) how time might influence health, and (b) the way in which time scarcity complicates current understandings of health inequalities. Alongside other meanings, time can be thought of as a health resource. People need time to access health services, build close relationships, exercise, work, play, care, and consume - all activities that are fundamental to health. There is evidence that the experience of time pressure is directly related to poorer mental health. Lack of time is also the main reason people give for not taking exercise or eating healthy food. Thus, another impact of time scarcity may be its prevention of activities and behaviours critical for good health. We investigate whether time scarcity, like financial pressure, is socially patterned, and thus likely to generate health inequality. The experience of time scarcity appears to be linked to variations in time devoted to employment or caring - activities closely bound to gender, status, and life course. One reason that time scarcity is socially patterned is because of the way in which caring is valued, allocated, and negotiated in households and the market. Adding paid employment to caring workloads is now normative, transforming the allocation of time within families. But caring requires a close interlocking with others' needs, which are often urgent and unpredictable, creating conflict with the linear, scheduled, and commodified approach to time required in the workplace. We review the evidence for the possibility that these time pressures are indeed contributing to socially patterned health inequalities among people caring for others. We also explore the potential for time scarcity to compound other sources of health inequality through interplays with income and space (urban form, transportation networks and place of residence). People who are both time and income poor, such as lone mothers, may face compounding barriers to good health, and the urban geography of time-scarce families represents the embedding of time-money-space trade-offs linked to physical location. In Australia and the US, poorer families are more likely to live in mid to outer suburbs, necessitating longer commutes to work. These suburbs have inferior public transport access, and can lack goods and services essential to health such as shops selling fresh foods. We conclude with a tentative framework for considering time and health in the context of policy actions. For example, social policy efforts to increase workforce participation may be economically necessary, but could have time-related consequences that alter health. Similarly, if cities are to be made livable, health promoting, and more equitable, urban designers need to understand time and time-income-space trade-offs. Indeed, many social policies and planning and health interventions involve time dimensions which, if they remain unacknowledged, could further compound time pressures and time-related health inequality. UR - http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=a4360 ID - 819 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Strong, Tracy B. PY - 1990 BT - The Idea of Political Theory: Reflections on the Self in Political Time and Place CY - Notre Dame, London PB - University of Notre Dame Press N1 - The Idea of Political Theory: Reflections on the Self in Political Time and Place N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies N1 - review avialable here: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2381678 KW - political theory political time identity modernity Relevance: 3 action politics N2 - A warning that politics has a particular validity, but that this validity is challenged by much that is characteristic of modernity. It demonstrates that humans are tempted to move away from politics, and outlines the costs and benefits of retaining the political as a realm of human activity. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=dQ2CAAAAMAAJ ID - 160 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stuckenberger, A. Nicole PY - 2006 TI - Sociality, temporality and locality in a contemporary Inuit community SP - 95-111 JF - Études/Inuit/Studies VL - 30 IS - 2 N1 - Sociality, temporality and locality in a contemporary Inuit community KW - Canada Inuit indigenous peoples indigenous Canadians seasonal time method: ethnography Anthropology Mobility across communities nomadic communities social change Asynchrony past in the present perception of time Multiple temporalities temporal distancing coevalness Relevance: 1 families N2 - Mauss (1906) suggested that, as a principle of Inuit society, the seasonal societal dichotomy takes shape in movements of population concentration and dispersal into small family groups following the annual migration of game. He argued that these movements and the various social modes thus created inseparably connect temporal, spatial, social, moral, legal, and spiritual dimensions in the construction of Inuit nomadic society. In the mid 20th century, the mass and density of Inuit settlement population changed drastically. Inuit groups moved to permanent settlements that were developed and structurally based on Western models of sedentary community life. Under these changed social and physical conditions, does movement and seasonal variations in group composition, and in ways of life, continue to be a central component of Inuit society? Ethnographic evidence from Qikiqtarjuaq (Nunavut) suggests that Inuit integrate modern ways of life into a nomadic lifestyle thus creating, in analogy to Mauss’s model, a continuation of variation in lifestyles and values depending on contexts. This article aims to substantiate and elaborate on this claim of continuity. It makes use of Mauss’s model as a heuristic lens for studying social change in respect to the association of practices and perceptions of seasonal movement in present day Inuit society; thus asking the question: are seasonally varying social modes and associated values part of today’s Inuit community constitution? UR - http://id.erudit.org/iderudit/017567ar ID - 129 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stueve, A. AU - O'Donnell, L. N. AU - Duran, R. AU - San Doval, A. AU - Blome, J. PY - 2001 TI - Time-space sampling in minority communities: Results with young Latino men who have sex with men SP - 922-926 N1 - Jun JF - American Journal of Public Health VL - 91 IS - 6 SN - 0090-0036 N1 - Time-space sampling in minority communities: Results with young Latino men who have sex with men AN - ISI:000170345400021 KW - health Sexuality ethnicity inclusion/exclusion methodology Method: Interviews USA Relevance: 4 N2 - Objectives. This study addressed methodological issues influencing the feasibility of time-space sampling in HIV prevention studies targeting hard-to-reach populations of minority young men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods. We conducted interviews with 400 men in 32 venues where young Latino MSM congregate in New York City. Response rates and demographic and sexual risk profiles are compared by venue type. Results. More than 90% of the men approached were screened. Among eligible men, participation rates exceeded 82%. Participation was higher at special events and gay venues compared with nongay venues (P < .05). Young MSM in nongay venues were less likely to self-identify as gay (P < .01) or to report recent anal sex with a male (P < .10). Condom use did not vary by venue type but was lower with women than with men. If surveys had been limited to gay venues, about half of the young MSM surveyed in nongay venues would have been missed. Conclusions. Time-space sampling of a relatively "hidden" minority young MSM population can be successful across a range of venues. However, the benefits of greater outreach must be weighed against the costs incurred recruiting participants in nongay venues. UR - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1446469/ ID - 833 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sun, Wanning PY - 2001 TI - Media events or media stories? SP - 25-43 JF - International Journal of Cultural Studies VL - 4 IS - 1 N1 - Media events or media stories? N1 - 10.1177/136787790100400102 KW - Media Cultural studies events China national time history Multiple temporalities temporal conflict Asynchrony nationalism narrative Relevance: 2 Memory N2 - Taking Dayan and Katz’s argument of media event as the point of departure, I want to not only assess the relevance of media event theory to a non liberal-democratic media system such as China but, more importantly, to argue that ‘media events’ need to be studied in juxtaposition to what I refer to as ‘media stories’ in order to yield insight into the complexity and ambiguity of the Chinese mediasphere. I show that whereas media events are about spectacles, official time and grand history, media stories are mostly about everyday life, unofficial time and individual memory. I argue that the co-existence of conflicting temporalities between the official media and commercial media contributes to a process of fragmentation and dispersal of a sense of national space and time. I further argue that although media events and media stories perform different spatial-temporal duties and functions in the way in which the nation is imagined, there is a complicity between nationalist discourses and transnational processes in contemporary China. UR - http://ics.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/4/1/25 ID - 615 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Sutton, David Evan PY - 2001 BT - Remembrance of repasts: an anthropology of food and memory CY - Oxford and New York PB - Berg N1 - Remembrance of repasts: an anthropology of food and memory KW - Memory Anthropology food globalisation affect embodiment Materiality Migration Method: comparative analysis Method: ethnography Ritual change over time social change relevance: 3 Proust Greece U.K. USA time as missing element Agriculture N2 - Proust's famous madeleine captures the power of food to evoke some of our deepest memories. Why does food hold such power? What does the growing commodification and globalization of food mean for our capacity to store the past in our meals in the smell of olive oil or the taste of a fresh-cut fig? This book offers a theoretical account of the interrelationship of culture, food and memory. Sutton challenges and expands anthropology's current focus on issues of embodiment, memory and material culture, especially in relation to transnational migration and the flow of culture across borders and boundaries. The Greek island of Kalymnos in the eastern Aegean, where Islanders claim to remember meals long past -- both humble and spectacular provides the main setting for these issues, as well as comparative materials drawn from England and the United States. Despite the growing interest in anthropological accounts of food and in the cultural construction of memory, the intersection of food with memory has not been accorded sustained examination. Cultural practices of feasting and fasting, global flows of food as both gifts and commodities, the rise of processed food and the relationship of orally transmitted recipes to the vast market in speciality cookbooks tie traditional anthropological mainstays such as ritual, exchange and death to more current concerns with structure and history, cognition and the 'anthropology of the senses'. Arguing for the crucial role of a simultaneous consideration of food and memory, this book significantly advances our understanding of cultural processes and reformulates current theoretical preoccupations. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=AeTu5Vtlu5MC ID - 2009 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szerszynski, Bronislaw PY - 2002 TI - Wild times and domesticated times: the temporalities of environmental lifestyles and politics SP - 181-191 JF - Landscape and Urban Planning VL - 61 IS - 2-4 SN - 0169-2046 N1 - Wild times and domesticated times: the temporalities of environmental lifestyles and politics M3 - 10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00112-3 KW - environment politics action agency social change Multiple temporalities orientation within time experiential time progress Relevance: 2 political time chronos/kairos linear time cyclical time synchronicity narrative time as symbolic resource coordinating between different times N2 - In this paper, I explore how environmental movements and lifestyles, like all forms of human action, produce their own characteristic kinds of time. During this exploration, I introduce a number of concepts which I suggest are useful in understanding these temporalities--chronological and kairological time; linear and cyclic time; segmentation and plot; orientation and synchronisation. Whereas the environment as described by the natural sciences is one dominated by chronological, linear time, human time is also kairological, suffused with meaning and intention. The varieties of human action also produce their own distinctive temporalities--some linear, some cyclic, some oriented to external goals, some self-sufficient. The logic of kairological time also requires that we understand individual events and actions as [`]figures' against a temporal [`]ground'--one that is characteristically organised into an overarching narrative, or broken up into distinctive time segments. Furthermore, human experience is not just situated in time, but orients itself within time--it faces [`]backwards' into the past, [`]forwards' into the future, or commits itself to the present. Finally, lived time is also sometimes synchronised with other times--with that of proximate or distant others, or with historical narratives of progress or decline. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V91-46R5P11-F/2/522837b65a4d24943ed8eaec60e85ebb ID - 527 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tabboni, Simonetta PY - 2001 TI - The Idea of Social Time in Norbert Elias SP - 5-27 N1 - March 1, 2001 JF - Time & Society VL - 10 IS - 1 N1 - The Idea of Social Time in Norbert Elias M3 - 10.1177/0961463x01010001001 KW - Social time Norbert Elias values organisational temporalities labour time scheduling normativity sociology time discipline Relevance: 2 cultural variants of time normativity critical temporalities N2 - This article reviews the relevance of Norbert Elias's contribution to the study of social time, concentrating on how the theme of time is currently at the core of social theory. Elias's definition of time enables us to understand that dominant time, which varies historically according to different kinds of society, expresses the need for an organization of work and reflects above all each society's privileged values. Social time always results from a choice; it is therefore qualitative even when, for instance, it has been formulated in strictly quantitative and mathematical terms. But time is also a norm, perhaps the most pervasive among social norms. If one adopts a temporal viewpoint, it becomes easier to rid oneself of the conceptual dichotomies - nature and culture, individual and society - which constitute the main dilemma that contemporary sociological thought has inherited from its `founding fathers'. Furthermore, the time discipline to which people willingly submit indicates the level of self-restraint, the taming of impulse, and therefore the level of `civilization' they have reached. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/10/1/5.abstract ID - 528 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Taylor, Charles PY - 2004 BT - Modern Social Imaginaries CY - Durham and London PB - Duke University Press N1 - Modern Social Imaginaries KW - Philosophy ethics identity communitarianism Political philosophy modernity counter modernity Multiple temporalities progress political time relevance: 2 Multiculturalism Asynchrony Democratic present secularism Meaning N2 - One of the most influential philosophers in the English-speaking world, Charles Taylor is internationally renowned for his contributions to political and moral theory, particularly to debates about identity formation, multiculturalism, secularism, and modernity. In Modern Social Imaginaries, Taylor continues his recent reflections on the theme of multiple modernities. To account for the differences among modernities, Taylor sets out his idea of the social imaginary, a broad understanding of the way a given people imagine their collective social life. Retelling the history of Western modernity, Taylor traces the development of a distinct social imaginary. Animated by the idea of a moral order based on the mutual benefit of equal participants, the Western social imaginary is characterized by three key cultural forms—the economy, the public sphere, and self-governance. Taylor’s account of these cultural formations provides a fresh perspective on how to read the specifics of Western modernity: how we came to imagine society primarily as an economy for exchanging goods and services to promote mutual prosperity, how we began to imagine the public sphere as a metaphorical place for deliberation and discussion among strangers on issues of mutual concern, and how we invented the idea of a self-governing people capable of secular “founding” acts without recourse to transcendent principles. Accessible in length and style, Modern Social Imaginaries offers a clear and concise framework for understanding the structure of modern life in the West and the different forms modernity has taken around the world. from review by David Thunder: The thesis advanced by Taylor, bared down to its essentials, is that starting in the seventeenth century, with the modern natural law theories of Grotius and Locke, a new idea of moral order, that is, a new conception of "how we ought to live together in society," took hold among Europeans and Americans (p. 3). This new idea of moral order involves a kind of "flattening" or "secularization" of time, whereby the notion of human society instantiating or reflecting some "Great Chain of Being," along with the notion of a transhistorical or supernatural legitimation of social order, were set aside. In their place, the contractual model of society-rational exchange among equals for mutual benefit-gradually came to dominate the self-understanding of Western societies. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=X2LzqZClF6QC ID - 689 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Taylor, Stephanie AU - Wetherell, Margaret PY - 1999 TI - A Suitable Time and Place: Speakers' Use of `Time' to do Discursive Work in Narratives of Nation and Personal Life SP - 39-58 JF - Time & Society VL - 8 IS - 1 N1 - A Suitable Time and Place: Speakers' Use of `Time' to do Discursive Work in Narratives of Nation and Personal Life N1 - 10.1177/0961463X99008001003 KW - narrative nationalism individual time time as symbolic resource Method: discourse analysis New Zealand identity Belonging life course Past in the present imagined pasts Counter traditions Maori indigenous peoples Relevance: 2 N2 - Following the approaches of discourse analysis and social contructionism, talk about New Zealand/Aotearoa is analysed to show how constructions of time become a discursive resource in speakers' identity work and also in larger contests around nation and belonging. Time and place constructions become interlinked within a personal narrative as consecutive life-stages corresponding to different places of residence. An absent time-place is reified as a valued possession, to be protected from others. In contests around the status of the Maori minority, the constructions of time within alternative narratives establish or challenge the status of indigeneity. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/8/1/39.abstract ID - 882 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Temple, Bogusia PY - 1996 TI - Time Travels: Time, Oral Histories and British-Polish Identities SP - 85-96 JF - Time & Society VL - 5 IS - 1 N1 - Time Travels: Time, Oral Histories and British-Polish Identities N1 - 10.1177/0961463X96005001005 KW - Method: oral history Migration identity time as symbolic resource U.K. Poland Europe ethnicity Relevance: 2 inclusion/exclusion N2 - In the research process, as in life generally, people construct their ethnic identity in different and changing ways. In this process, time is both a resource and a tool for construction. Looking at research into Polish communities in Britain, it is argued that time, far from being a measure of a pre-existing reality, is instead auto/biographically constructive of selves, identities and realities. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/5/1/85.abstract ID - 877 ER - TY - JOUR AU - The Committee for Free Time/ Free People PY - 2000 TI - Time to be: what families & communities need most. SP - 51-53 JF - Tikkun VL - 15 IS - 3 N1 - Time to be: what families & communities need most. KW - time spent with community time scarcity Acceleration of time labour time time allocation leisure time families Relevance: 1 N2 - not available - from the text: The Committee is an interreligious working group brought together by The Shalom Center, whose director is Rabbi Arthur Waskow. For a list of signers of the Free Time statement, see page 54. For many of us, the hardest work we do is finding time to rest. This is no anecdotal oddity of the driven baby-boomers. In The Overworked Americans, Juliet Schor reports in analytic detail that most Americans work longer, harder, and more according to someone else's schedule than they did thirty years ago. UR - http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-53562551.html ID - 141 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Thomas, Julian PY - 1996 BT - Time, culture and identity: an interpretive archaeology CY - London PB - Routledge N1 - Time, culture and identity: an interpretive archaeology KW - phenomenology archaeology heidegger identity relevance: 2 time as missing element Methodology Agriculture N2 - This groundbreaking work considers one of the central themes of archaeology, time, which until recently has been taken for granted. It considers how time is used and perceived by archaeology and also how time influences the construction of identities. The book presents case studies, eg, transition from hunter gather to farming in early Neolithic, to examine temporality and identity. Drawing upon the work of Martin Heidegger, Thomas develops a way of writing about the past in which time is seen as central to the emergence of the identities of peoples and things. He questions the modern western distinction between nature and culture, mind and body, object and subject, and argues that in some senses the temporal structure of human beings, artefacts and places are similar. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=5AKMOLmskRcC ID - 232 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thomas, Kate PY - 2007 TI - “What Time We Kiss”: Michael Field’s Queer Temporalities SP - 327-351 JF - GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies VL - 13 IS - 2-3 N1 - “What Time We Kiss”: Michael Field’s Queer Temporalities KW - queer temporalities Queer theory literary theory literature futurity non-linear time Sexuality Break in time Relevance: 2 critical temporalities the past the future imagined futures inclusion/exclusion generations families Friendship politics N2 - This essay draws together inaugural and contemporary queer theoretical preoccupations with temporality by focusing on two late-nineteenth-century lesbian poets whose writing is structured by complex adjudications of time and era. Katharine Bradley (1846 – 1914) and Edith Cooper (1862 – 1913) wrote together under the name of Michael Field. They regarded their life and their poetry as an immortal art and the age in which they wrote and loved as conversely prosaic and artless. Their collaboration throws light on current debates about queer temporalities for several reasons. First, their work emerges from — and creates — interstices of time; obsessed with queer pasts, they turn equally vigorously to decidedly queer futures. They believe that they will inherit the world, and they are anything but meek about it. Furthermore, the temporal disordering involved in imagining this future forms a wellspring for their erotics. Although futurity has recently come in for some flak as an antisex, pro-procreative diversion tactic, in the hands of Michael Field, the future appears downright kinky.5 They regarded the age difference or time lapse between them as a way to find themselves in each other. Second, Bradley and Cooper were aunt and niece. Their relationship was incestuous. Michael Field is understudied, to be sure, but this fact of the relationship has been so politely avoided that it is something of an elephant in the maiden-auntly parlor. Much work on Field thus far either adheres Field to a model of desexualized romantic friendship or identifies Field as lesbian.6 In both cases, incest hides in plain view. The women’s close familial relationship is mentioned as casually as are the years of their births. Somehow, identifying Field as nicely lesbian still occludes the particular contours of their lesbian desire. Those contours are timely for this investigation — they are intergenerational and intrafamilial and as such can weigh in on current critical arbitrations of the place of futurity and the familial in queer scholarship and politics. UR - http://glq.dukejournals.org/cgi/reprint/13/2-3/327.pdf ID - 530 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Thomas, V. C. PY - 1990 BT - Analecta Husserliana ED - Tymienecka, Anna-Teresa CT - The Development of Time Consciousness from Husserl to Heidegger in The Moral Sense and Its Foundational Significance: Self, Person, Historicity, Community CY - The Netherlands PB - Kluwer Academic Publishers CP - Vol. XXXI, N1 - The Development of Time Consciousness from Husserl to Heidegger in The Moral Sense and Its Foundational Significance: Self, Person, Historicity, Community N1 - Philosopher's Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Heidegger Husserl Relevance: 3 time as horizon Continental Philosophy N2 - This essay studies Heidegger's application of Husserl's phenomenological elucidation of time consciousness to different notions basic to "Being and Time" such as Dasein, Being-in-the-world, modes of disclosure, care and the like. It also points out that Heidegger develops very much the phenomenological treatment of time while examining notions like transcendence, horizon, death, world time, temporality of time and so on. UR - not available ID - 148 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thompson, E. P. PY - 1967 TI - Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism SP - 56-97 N1 - December JF - Past and Present VL - 38 N1 - Time, Work-Discipline, and Industrial Capitalism KW - labour time change over time time discipline Capitalism history Relevance: 2 time as tool for political legitimation changing perceptions of time industrialisation experiential time N2 - not available - quote from text: "the present enquiry: how far, and in what ways, did this shift in timesense affect labour discipline, and how far did it influence the inward apprehension of time of working people? If the transition to mature industrial society entailed a severe restructuring of working habits - new disciplines, new incentives, and a new human nature upon which these incentives could bite effectively - how far is this related to changes in the inward notation of time?" UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/649749 ID - 531 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Thrift, Nigel PY - 1981 BT - Space and Time in Geography: Essays Dedicated to Torsten Hagerstrand ED - Pred, A. R. CT - Owners' time and own time: The making of a capitalist time consciousness, 1300-1880 CY - Lund PB - Gleerup Studies in Geography SP - 56-84 N1 - Owners' time and own time: The making of a capitalist time consciousness, 1300-1880 KW - Geography Capitalism time discipline time use time perspective Relevance: 2 changing perceptions of time Task oriented time experiential time time geography N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dHlxQgAACAAJ ID - 532 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thrift, Nigel PY - 1983 TI - On the determination of social action in space and time SP - 23-57 JF - Environment and Planning D: Society and Space VL - 1 IS - 1 N1 - On the determination of social action in space and time KW - Geography Agency action Marxism identity events Relevance: 3 Human Geography N2 - This paper is a preliminary attempt to work out what a nonfunctionalist social theory which still retains the crucial element of determination would look like. The paper is therefore arranged in the following way. A general synoptic overview of modern social theory leads to a consideration of the four major concerns of what I will call the structurationist 'school'. I will argue that these four concerns are crucial to any nonfunctionalist Marxist social theory which must take into account not only 'compositional' determinations but also the 'contextual' determinations involved in the constitution of subjectivity. In the final section of the paper I outline a programme which is intended to show what this social theory might look like when extended to the smaller scale and to the consideration of unique events. The concerns of human geographers are integral to this programme, and this programme is integral to the concerns of human geography. UR - http://www.envplan.com/abstract.cgi?id=d010023 ID - 773 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Thurschwell, Adam PY - 2003 TI - Specters of Nietzsche: Potential Futures for the Concept of the Political in Agamben and Derrida SP - 1-115 JF - Cordozo Law Review VL - 24 N1 - Specters of Nietzsche: Potential Futures for the Concept of the Political in Agamben and Derrida KW - Philosophy Continental Philosophy nietzsche Agamben Derrida political time action Relevance: 4 N2 - In this paper I first explicate and then critically compare and contrast the political philosophies of Giorgio Agamben and Jacques Derrida. Their writings intersect at a number of crucial issues and texts, sometimes lightly touching, sometimes crossing at the same point, going, so to speak, in different directions, and thus often resembling each other without, however, there being an actual identity of viewpoint. The differences, although sometimes subtle, are real. My thesis is that, subtle though these intersections and differences are, they reveal two incompatible yet inextricable axes of contemporary political thought, blueprints of the competing visions of the political between which, for the foreseeable future, the most advanced philosophical thinking on the political will have to choose. Here, by way of an organizing principle, I attempt to show that these axes can be articulated around two ways of inheriting Nietzsche's intellectual legacy -- one that interprets the essence of political action in fundamentally ontological terms (Agamben), and the other that interprets it as fundamentally ethical (Derrida). UR - http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=969055 ID - 533 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tilly, Charles PY - 1994 TI - The Time of States SP - 269-295 JF - Social Research VL - 61 IS - 2 N1 - The Time of States N1 - course outline - a mische KW - national time Political time social time Relevance: unknown N2 - not available UR - http://www.socres.org/vol61/issue612.htm ID - 562 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Todorova, Maria PY - 2005 TI - The Trap of Backwardness: Modernity, Temporality, and the Study of Eastern European Nationalism SP - 140-164 JF - Slavic Review VL - 64 IS - 1 SN - 00376779 N1 - The Trap of Backwardness: Modernity, Temporality, and the Study of Eastern European Nationalism KW - temporal distancing coevalness history nationalism multiple temporalities inclusion/exclusion Synchronicity Relevance: 2 contradictory present historiography timeliness time as missing element critical temporalities methodology historical time longue durée N2 - This article focuses on the discourse of backwardness as an aspect of what has been recognized as the dominant trope in east European historiography until the end of the twentieth century, namely nationalism. Through a survey of east European historiographies, it demonstrates how different notions of temporality are employed. Eastern Europe as a whole and the particular problem of east European nationalism have been constituted as historical objects of study very much on the pattern of anthropological objects, through structural models of "timeless" theory and method and bracketing out time as a dimension of intercultural study. The article proposes a way to circumvent the trap of origins, which carries backwardness as its corollary, by introducing the idea of relative synchronicity within a longue durée framework. This allows the description of a period in terms of linear consecutive developments but also as a dialogical process without overlooking important aspects of short-term historical analysis involving sequential development, transmission, and diffusion. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3650070 ID - 250 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Todorova, Maria AU - Gille, Zsuzsa PY - 2010 TI - Post-Communist Nostalgia CY - Oxford PB - Berghahn Books N1 - Post-Communist Nostalgia KW - nostalgia political time Europe economics imagined futures Separation from the past imagined pasts Past in the present Generations Urban communities Rural communities gender orientation within time inclusion/exclusion Capitalism Communism social change Relevance: 2 postcommunism Absence of future N2 - Although the end of the Cold War was greeted with great enthusiasm by people in the East and the West, the ensuing social and especially economic changes did not always result in the hoped-for improvements in people's lives. This led to widespread disillusionment that can be observed today all across Eastern Europe. Not simply a longing for security, stability, and prosperity, this nostalgia is also a sense of loss regarding a specific form of sociability. Even some of those who opposed communism express a desire to invest their new lives with renewed meaning and dignity. Among the younger generation, it surfaces as a tentative yet growing curiosity about the recent past. In this volume scholars from multiple disciplines explore the various fascinating aspects of this nostalgic turn by analyzing the impact of generational clusters, the rural-urban divide, gender differences, and political orientation. They argue persuasively that this nostalgia should not be seen as a wish to restore the past, as it has otherwise been understood, but instead it should be recognized as part of a more complex healing process and an attempt to come to terms both with the communist era as well as the new inequalities of the post-communist era. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=rL0JgtqKwNMC ID - 713 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tomanić Trivundža, Ilija PY - 2010 TI - Slovene Film, National Identity and the Celluloid Hegemony of the Mythical Post-Independence Time SP - 662-689 JF - Cultural Studies VL - 24 IS - 5 SN - 0950-2386 N1 - Slovene Film, National Identity and the Celluloid Hegemony of the Mythical Post-Independence Time KW - cinema identity nationalism myth Cultural studies Europe communism postcommunism change over time separation from the past Relevance: 3 N2 - The paper addresses a central tendency of Slovene film production of the first decade and a half of the country's independency which is to avoid dealing with its specific socio-historical context of post-communist transition. This ‘lost baggage of transition’ is significant for two reasons: firstly, its widespread adoption closely resembles a generic blueprint that binds this body of auteur films into a coherent whole, and secondly, because this blueprint closely resonates with Slovene official national and political discourse. The author uses the categories of nation and national identity to analyse the ideological dimensions of this correlation. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/09502380903546935 ID - 636 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Torre, Ramón Ramos PY - 2007 TI - Time's Social Metaphors: An empirical research SP - 157-187 JF - Time & Society VL - 16 IS - 2-3 N1 - Time's Social Metaphors: An empirical research N1 - 10.1177/0961463X07080262 KW - time as symbolic resource Method: qualitative Spain Europe labour time Care work action time as resource Static time Repetition Unpredictibility Synchronicity time as horizon time as context expectation future orientation identity narrative Relevance: 3 public and private time Hierarchy N2 - The article addresses the analysis of time images furnished by a qualitative research made in Spain on the relations of working time and family/personal time. The analysis focuses on three widespread time metaphors used in day-to-day speeches by social agents. The first one is the metaphor of time as resource for action. Its value is equally economical, moral and political. Used in different context of action, it may mean something that can be either invested, donated generously to others, appropriated for caring for oneself, or spent without purpose with others. The second metaphor represents time as an external environment to which action must adapt. This metaphor shows many variants that represent time as a dynamic/static, repetitive/innovative, ordered/chaotic environment. In this external environment, the agents must resolve the problems of temporal embeddedness, hierarchy and synchronization of their actions. The third metaphor shows time as a horizon of action intentionality where the agents try to construct the meaning of their action and identity. Within this horizon the construction of a significant narrative connecting past and present experiences with future expectations is possible. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/16/2-3/157 ID - 739 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Torrent, J. C. R. AU - Bown, P. A. M. PY - 2008 TI - Industrial and social time in Maria Elena, the last nitrate town SP - 81-97 JF - Chungara-Revista De Antropologia Chilena VL - 40 IS - 1 SN - 0716-1182 N1 - Industrial and social time in Maria Elena, the last nitrate town AN - WOS:000256913200008 KW - social time technology Latin America labour time Changing perceptions of time identity Unpredictibility Relevance: 2 N2 - This article deals with the precarious existential condition of present inhabitants, workers and co-workers of the nitrate plant town Maria Elena, located in the north of Chile. It also refers to the traditional cultural background. It focuses in the new mercantile dynamics and forms of labor that are being imposed and their impact in identity and sociability, as well as in the alteration of confidence and certainty about the town. All this occurs in a "culture of unemployment" beyond the remains of the mythic history of nitrate workers. UR - not available ID - 788 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Treadway, Darren C. AU - Breland, Jacob W. AU - Adams, Garry L. AU - Duke, Allison B. AU - Williams, Laura A. PY - 2010 TI - The interactive effects of political skill and future time perspective on career and community networking behavior SP - 138-147 JF - Social Networks VL - 32 IS - 2 SN - 0378-8733 N1 - The interactive effects of political skill and future time perspective on career and community networking behavior AN - WOS:000276669100004 M3 - 10.1016/j.socnet.2009.09.004 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Management Networks Future future orientation time perspective Method: social network analysis expectation labour time organisational temporalities Relevance: 2 N2 - Scholars have suggested that skill (Ferris et al., 2007) and motivation (Forret and Dougherty, 2001) need to be considered in predicting the direction and intensity of networking behaviors. Congruently, the present study argues that skill and motivation operate interactively and assesses the interactive impact of political skill (i.e., the ability to interact effectively with others) and future time perspective on differentially predicting community-based and career-based networking behavior. Results from a sample of managers from a national retail chain (n = 291) indicated that politically skilled individuals who possessed a deep future time perspective were more involved in career-related networking than politically skilled individuals who perceived a shallow future time perspective. Additionally, politically skilled respondents with shallow organizational time perspectives engaged in higher levels of community-based networking than did their counterparts with deeper organizational time perspectives. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of political skill, social networks, and socioemotional selectivity theory. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378873309000525 ID - 3 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trommler, Frank PY - 2005 TI - Space Instead of Time: Recasting the New Paradigm SP - 240-242 JF - The German Quarterly VL - 78 IS - 2 SN - 00168831 N1 - Space Instead of Time: Recasting the New Paradigm KW - globalisation Germany Relevance: 3 nationalism time and space N2 - not available UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/30039386 ID - 301 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tronto, Joan PY - 2003 TI - Time's Place SP - 119-138 JF - Feminist Theory VL - 4 IS - 2 N1 - Time's Place KW - Feminist theory time and space postmodernism time/space compression ethics futurity Past in the present Critical temporalities Relevance: 3 feminism time as missing element care work Separation from the past Temporally extended responsibilities forgiveness N2 - Spatial metaphors abound in feminist theory. The modest goal of this paper is to reassert the importance of temporal dimensions in thought for feminist thinking. In order to establish this general claim, several kinds of current thinking about time that are problematic for feminists are explored. First, the postmodern compression of time and space is considered from the standpoint of the changes it brings in the nature of care. Second, the privileging of the future over the past is considered in light of the problems it creates for thinking about justice for historical wrongdoing. Forgiveness and remembrance require an attention to the past. UR - http://fty.sagepub.com/content/4/2/119.short ID - 535 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Trumpener, Katie PY - 1992 TI - The Time of the Gypsies: A "People without History" in the Narratives of the West SP - 843-884 JF - Critical Inquiry VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 00931896 N1 - The Time of the Gypsies: A "People without History" in the Narratives of the West KW - race Coevalness temporal distancing myth history identity timelessness Relevance: 2 Separation from the past narrative literature literary theory politics asynchrony Synchronicity time discipline time as tool for managing percieved threats assumptions about time obscuring x inclusion/exclusion boredom children/youth N2 - not available - from the text: Played out in the drama at Maihaugen, in effect, is much of the ideological ensemble surrounding the cultural construction of "the Gypsies" in the Western imagination.3 This essay follows several strands in succession (the Gypsy encounter as set piece; the conflation of the Gypsies' literary and historical status; the freezing of time at the Gypsies' approach; the unmasking of their "character" as Western projection), its recurrent motif-as the epigraphs suggest-the ascribed relationship of Gypsies to Western temporality, and its consequences for the development and nondevelopment of Western political discourse about Gypsy life.4 Thus D. H. Lawrence's typical account of first contact stresses the nonsynchronicity with which the Gypsies in their cart and a carful of bored young white Europeans move through time; at first threatening to flatten whatever impedes their progress, the young people capitulate to Gypsy seductions by the very decision to abandon their usual timetables.5 The related invocation, by a resident "Gypsy expert" with the Chicago Police Department, of a mythic Gypsy time of legend, curse, and prophecy ("from now and forevermore") to justify current police procedures (by which Gypsy citizens continue, Good Friday or not, to be questioned, harassed, and even framed solely on racial grounds) suggests the continuing historical consequence of Western "Gypsy" fantasies for the actual shape of Romani lives in Europe and North America today. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1343833 ID - 299 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Tsuji, Yohko PY - 2006 TI - Railway Time and Rubber Time: The paradox in the Japanese conception of time SP - 177-195 JF - Time & Society VL - 15 IS - 2-3 N1 - Railway Time and Rubber Time: The paradox in the Japanese conception of time M3 - citeulike-article-id:9700007 KW - Japan Method: longitudinal analysis Method: participant observation Multiple temporalities punctuality Social coordination social time technology temporal complexity temporal conflict Transport technologies cultural variants of time labour time Asia Relevance: 2 N2 - This article addresses the co-existence of rigid punctuality and a rubber-like flexibility in the Japanese conception of time. It examines how the clock and social norms shape the everyday use of time related to railways, work, and appointments in Japan. It demonstrates that multiple discourses of time and the complicated interactions among them create temporal complexity in which the seeming contradiction between rigidity and flexibility is compromised. The data derive from long-term participant-observation research among Japanese in Japan and abroad. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/15/2-3/177.abstract ID - 2064 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Turner, Jeff AU - Grieco, Margaret PY - 2000 TI - Gender and Time Poverty: The Neglected Social Policy Implications of Gendered Time, Transport and Travel SP - 129-136 JF - Time & Society VL - 9 IS - 1 N1 - Gender and Time Poverty: The Neglected Social Policy Implications of Gendered Time, Transport and Travel N1 - 10.1177/0961463X00009001007 KW - time scarcity Gender temporal inequality Transport technologies policy Development Care work time as missing element Relevance: 2 women's time Social structure coordinating between different times N2 - Women in the developed world have different transport and travel patterns from men. Women are often involved in poorly resourced, highly complex, multiple-purpose trips (trip chaining); men tend to make single-purpose trips at higher cost and using superior modes of transport. These differences in transport and travel patterns are generated out of differential access by gender to economic resources, social resources and time resources. Women are time poor as a consequence of the disproportionate level of household tasks they are required to perform within present social structures. This research note identifies gaps in current UK social policy development around getting single mothers from welfare into work. It suggests a range of information technology based solutions which could assist single mothers in accomplishing the complex coordinatory task set them by the new policies on lone parenthood which need to be accompanied by improvements in transport if the `welfare to work' policy is to be successful. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/1/129 ID - 745 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Turner, Mark W. PY - 2002 TI - Periodical Time in the Nineteenth Century SP - 183-196 N1 - 2002/12/01 JF - Media History VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1368-8804 N1 - Periodical Time in the Nineteenth Century M3 - 10.1080/1368880022000030540 Y2 - 2011/06/27 KW - media history Periodicity Changing perceptions of time history of changing perceptions of time historiography methodology time as missing element Relevance: 2 news N2 - Time, however you think about it, is essential to what periodical print media is. By its (very definition, periodicals—and in this I am including all newspapers and journals and other print material issued continually and at regular intervals—are continually on the move, across time. What I wish to do in this article is think about matters of time in relation to nineteenth-century periodicals, and emphasize that in order to understand the nature of periodical-ness and the role periodicities play in a given culture, we have to focus on and ask questions about time: how did changes in the cultural understandings of time in the nineteenth century impact upon the press? How does time define serial media? What are the ways we might conceptualize the problems raised by thinking about time in relation to media history? How does time get imagined and represented in the media; that is, what is the history of the representation of time? How do nineteenth-century understandings of time impact upon understandings of history, and what role does the media play in relation to both? These are only some of the questions that might prompt more in-depth study, and I do not intend to address each of these lines of inquiry here. Rather, what I hope to do is focus our attention on the signicance of time in media history, and, on the different ways time as a problem gets both imagined and embodied in the periodical culture of the nineteenth century. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1368880022000030540 ID - 1017 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Turner, Royce Logan PY - 2000 BT - Coal Was Our Life: An Essay on Life in a Yorkshire Pit Town CY - Banbury PB - Perpetuity Press N1 - Coal Was Our Life: An Essay on Life in a Yorkshire Pit Town KW - Method: re-studies methodology U.K. industrialisation community development economics Sociology Class Relevance: 3 history change over time poverty Regeneration N2 - not available - from http://www.minersadvice.co.uk/reviews_coalwsrlife.htm In the 1950’s a book regarded as a classic Coal Is Our Life, focused a tight study on a pit town in West Yorkshire, the folk, their aspirations, their lives. In this book Royce Turner returns to the same locations now and confronts us with a devastating contrast. This is a book that needed writing, it says things which desperately needed to be said, and in a style which is polemical, confrontational even. It is as if the book has erupted from the suffocating swamp of PR sociology which has buried the decimated pit villages since the mass closure programmes. The book challenges the self congratulationary business schemes, job creation schemes, retraining schemes, coalfield regeneration, reinvestment, reinvention schemes which everywhere tell us they are at work, which everywhere publish reports and surveys, seem to be the biggest employment growth area themselves though not of course for the pitmen or their families, yet still the deprivation and poverty and wretched loss remains. How can so many organisations, awash with European and Lottery money be running so fast and yet standing still ? UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=TnN9NwAACAAJ ID - 823 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Twenge, J. M. AU - Catanese, K. R. AU - Baumeister, R. F. PY - 2003 TI - Social Exclusion and the Deconstructed State: Time Perception, Meaninglessness, Lethargy, Lack of Emotion, and Self-Awareness SP - 409-423 JF - Journal of Personality and Social Psychology VL - 85 IS - 3 N1 - Social Exclusion and the Deconstructed State: Time Perception, Meaninglessness, Lethargy, Lack of Emotion, and Self-Awareness KW - experiential time Psychology Relevance: 2 perception of time meaning Affect inclusion/exclusion social psychology experiential time orientation within time Deceleration of time N2 - The authors hypothesize that socially excluded individuals enter a defensive state of cognitive deconstruction that avoids meaningful thought, emotion, and self-awareness, and is characterized by lethargy and altered time flow. Social rejection led to an overestimation of time intervals, a focus on the present rather than the future, and a failure to delay gratification (Experiment 1). Rejected participants were more likely to agree that "Life is meaningless" (Experiment 2). Excluded participants wrote fewer words and displayed slower reaction times (Experiments 3 and 4). They chose fewer emotion words in an implicit emotion task (Experiment 5), replicating the lack of emotion on explicit measures (Experiments 1-3 and 6). Excluded participants also tried to escape from self-awareness by facing away from a mirror (Experiment 6). UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0141707126&partnerID=40&md5=d2234e0b4c3ed346ab74037e42fdda74 ID - 222 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Unruh, David PY - 1976 TI - The Funeralization Process: Toward a model of social time SP - 9-25 JF - Mid-American Review of Sociology VL - 1 IS - 1 SN - 0732-913X N1 - The Funeralization Process: Toward a model of social time M3 - citeulike-article-id:9700012 KW - Death & dying organisational temporalities Social coordination social time Sociology temporal boundaries time allocation time management etiquette Suspensions of everyday time time as symbolic resource coordinating between different times Relevance: 2 N2 - This paper attempts to describe, categorize, and analyze interactions between social actors and the temporal aspects of a specific social occasion. The burial process, as a social occasion, necessitates the coordination and management of social time between individuals, institutions, and the functionaries ofdeath. In the analysis a temporal "model" is constructed whereby interactions between social actors and the temporal components may be categorized. This temporal "model" consists of: temporal awareness, the temporal epoch, temporal allocations, and aspects of temporal management. UR - http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/dspace/bitstream/1808/4789/1/MARSV1N1A2.pdf ID - 2065 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Urciuoli, Bonnie PY - 1992 BT - The Politics of Time ED - Rutz, Henry J. CT - Time, Talk and Class: New York Puerto Ricans as Temporal and Linguistic Others CY - Washington D.C. PB - American Anthropological Association SP - 108-126 N1 - Time, Talk and Class: New York Puerto Ricans as Temporal and Linguistic Others KW - ethnicity Anthropology bureaucracy organisational temporalities class Communication temporal conflict temporal distancing Coevalness health inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 coordinating between different times time as tool for managing percieved threats time as tool for political legitimation USA Migration N2 - not available UR - http://books.google.com/books/?id=bIseAQAAIAAJ ID - 536 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Urry, John PY - 1994 TI - Time, Leisure and Social Identity SP - 131-149 JF - Time & Society VL - 3 IS - 2 N1 - Time, Leisure and Social Identity KW - capitalism changing perceptions of time clock time Deep time identity leisure time Methodology place time and space sociology Deceleration of time Acceleration of time time as resource Asynchrony Relevance: 2 N2 - This article is concerned with exploring some of the connections between time and leisure, arguing in particular that leisure patterns are especially significant for changing notions of time. It is further argued that the once hegemonic clock-time is being supplanted in `disorganized capitalism' by a mix of instantaneous and glacial times. A variety of empirical indices of these are developed. It is then shown that contemporary leisure patterns are transformed through processes of de-traditionalization and increased reflexivity, processes that presuppose these newer forms of time. In conclusion, some implications for place are briefly developed. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/3/2/131 ID - 2066 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Urry, John PY - 2001 BT - Sociology beyond Societies: mobilities for the twenty-first century CY - London PB - Routledge N1 - Sociology beyond Societies: mobilities for the twenty-first century KW - Social Time Sociology Technology globalisation Mobility across communities social theory Multiple temporalities clock time time as natural Relevance: 2 changing perceptions of time Acceleration of time Uneven development asynchrony temporal complexity borders citizenship The internet N2 - In this ground-breaking contribution to social theory, John Urry argues that the traditional basis of sociology - the study of society - is outmoded in an increasingly borderless world. If sociology is to make a pertinent contribution to the post societal era it must forget the social rigidities of the pre-global order and, instead, switch its focus to the study of both physical and virtual movement. In considering this sociology of mobilities, the book concerns itself with the travels of people, ideas, images, messages, waste products and money across international borders, and the implications these mobilities have to our experiences of time, space, dwelling and citizenship. Sociology Beyond Society extends recent debate about globalisation both by providing an analysis of how mobilities reconstitute social life in uneven and complex ways, and by arguing for the significance of objects, senses, and time and space in the theorising of contemporary life. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=psMxhVbNuBAC ID - 1041 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Usunier, Jean-Claude G. PY - 1991 TI - Business Time Perceptions and National Cultures: A Comparative Survey SP - 197-217 JF - MIR: Management International Review VL - 31 IS - 3 SN - 09388249 N1 - Business Time Perceptions and National Cultures: A Comparative Survey KW - Perception of time Method: comparative analysis Management organisational temporalities nationalism cultural variants of time temporal conflict international Relations economics Multiple temporalities Relevance: 2 time as symbolic resource N2 - Behavior in relation to time is strongly influenced by cultural patterns. It often generates misunderstandings, especially in international marketing negotiations. This paper explores the relevant literature and develops an empirical approach across five countries. Results show that developing countries tend to favor ideal economic time. This largely contradicts their actual behavior, and may be a source of increased misunderstanding with business-people coming from actual economic time countries. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/40228064 ID - 580 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Usunier, Jean-Claude G. AU - Valette-Florence, Pierre PY - 1994 TI - Perceptual time patterns (‘time styles’): a psychometric scale SP - 219-241 JF - Time & Society VL - 3 IS - 2 N1 - Perceptual time patterns (‘time styles’): a psychometric scale KW - Perception of time Psychology Consumerism management Sociology Anthropology orientation within time Method: questionnaires time scarcity non-linear time linear time Past orientation future orientation orientation within time time discipline Relevance: 2 N2 - Issues pertaining to the perception of time are central to many marketing dynamics, especially for consumer behaviour. This article first presents time frames as they are established within a society (mostly described by sociology and anthropology) in relation to the perception of individuals (mostly through experimental and social psychology, as well as the marketing literature). A psychometric scale is then introduced in order to capture these time orientations (`time-styles'). Three hundred questionnaires containing 180 items, based on previous studies, have been administered. Six main dimensions are identified: preference for economic/organized time; preference for non-linear/unorganized time; orientation towards the past; orientation towards the future; time submissiveness; time anxiety. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/3/2/219.abstract ID - 991 ER - TY - BOOK AU - van Dijck, José PY - 2005 BT - Mediated Memories in the Digital Age CY - Stanford, CA PB - Stanford University Press N1 - Mediated Memories in the Digital Age KW - media memory Technology Materiality ritual affect Relevance: 3 Communication Cultural studies mediation information Technology N2 - Many people deploy photo media tools to document everyday events and rituals. For generations we have stored memories in albums, diaries, and shoeboxes to retrieve at a later moment in life. Autobiographical memory, its tools, and its objects are pressing concerns in most people’s everyday lives, and recent digital transformation cause many to reflect on the value and meaning of their own “mediated memories.” Digital photo cameras, camcorders, and multimedia computers are rapidly replacing analogue equipment, inevitably changing our everyday routines and conventional forms of recollection. How will digital photographs, lifelogs, photoblogs, webcams, or playlists change our personal remembrance of things past? And how will they affect our cultural memory? The main focus of this study is the ways in which (old and new) media technologies shape acts of memory and individual remembrances. This book spotlights familiar objects but addresses the larger issues of how technology penetrates our intimate routines and emotive processes, how it affects the relationship between private and public, memory and experience, self and others. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=MpPEQdlIaigC ID - 952 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Fenema, Paul C. AU - Räisänen, Christine PY - 2005 TI - Invisible Social Infrastructures to Facilitate Time-pressed Distributed Organizing SP - 341-360 JF - Time & Society VL - 14 IS - 2-3 N1 - Invisible Social Infrastructures to Facilitate Time-pressed Distributed Organizing N1 - 10.1177/0961463X05055144 KW - time scarcity time allocation time discipline organisational temporalities relationality social coordination Communication Multiple temporalities Routines Asynchrony relevance: 2 temporal ordering Social coordination coordinating between different times Method: dynamic rather than static N2 - How do complex societal demands and time constraints posed by distributed temporary organizing affect organizational communication? Extending Bowker and Star’s (2002) work on infrastructures, we introduce two context-specific ‘invisible’, social infrastructures: organizational and relational. We empirically assess their role in an international, multi-site ERP-software implementation. We investigated how these infrastructures shaped organizational activities, aligned discourses, created order, and prevented divergent behaviours. We found that mutually interdependent organizational and relational infrastructures strengthened social relationships and saved time by facilitating non-routine collaboration and organizational communication under geographic and temporal constraints. We argue that the conceptualization of (infra)structural and process dynamics will help researchers and practitioners understand and handle organizational communication in distributed temporary organizations. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/14/2-3/341.abstract ID - 915 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Geert, Paul PY - 1997 TI - Time and Theory in Social Psychology SP - 143-151 JF - Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory VL - 8 IS - 2 SN - 1047-840X N1 - Time and Theory in Social Psychology KW - psychology social psychology Method: dynamic rather than static methodology Relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: It is hard to deny that Vallacher and Nowak are talented architects. Their dynamic-systems-for-social psychology building is a well-designed and complete structure. Their article provides an excellent and insightful tutorial in the basics of dynamic systems thinking in psychology, and in social psychology in particular. As a commentator, I feel I am more or less in the position of the interior decorator who is left with the assignment of designing the form of the doorknobs or such highly functional things as the toilet seats, a task that, in spite of its indisputable intrinsic importance, is not really very attractive. Instead, I have chosen to readdress two of the fundamental issues raised by Vallacher and Nowak in order to shed some more light on the following questions: What is the fundamental distinction between a dynamic and a nondynamic model in (social) psychology? and What does dynamic systems thinking mean for social psychological theory building? UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1207/s15327965pli0802_11 ID - 655 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Loon, Joost PY - 1996 TI - A Cultural Exploration of Time SP - 61-84 N1 - February 1, 1996 JF - Time & Society VL - 5 IS - 1 N1 - A Cultural Exploration of Time M3 - 10.1177/0961463x96005001004 KW - social time mediation Break in time events action presence Temporality of academic work Relevance: 2 Meaning asynchrony mediation N2 - Every understanding of reality that takes account of time is necessarily involved in a cultural practice of making sense. This article, by theorizing time in relation to cultural practices, provides a cultural exploration of the argument that no event is ever `present' as itself to itself, but rather, is always in mediation. This takes place in two ways. On the one hand, mediation delays the making present of the event by intervening in processes of interaction; on the other hand, mediation dissolves the present/presence of the event by displacing it to a `third domain' that is constitutive of the `time of the event'. The aim of this article is to assert that any theory of time needs to take into account the time of theory - i.e. the temporality of writing - as a principal entry for constituting an agenda for the future. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/5/1/61.abstract ID - 537 ER - TY - JOUR AU - van Loon, Joost PY - 1996 TI - A Cultural Exploration of Time: Some Implications of Temporality and Mediation SP - 61-84 JF - Time & Society VL - 5 IS - 1 N1 - A Cultural Exploration of Time: Some Implications of Temporality and Mediation N1 - 10.1177/0961463X96005001004 KW - social time cultural variants of time presence Derrida Philosophy Sociology events temporality of academic work Methodology Metaphysics Relevance: 2 N2 - Every understanding of reality that takes account of time is necessarily involved in a cultural practice of making sense. This article, by theorizing time in relation to cultural practices, provides a cultural exploration of the argument that no event is ever `present' as itself to itself, but rather, is always in mediation. This takes place in two ways. On the one hand, mediation delays the making present of the event by intervening in processes of interaction; on the other hand, mediation dissolves the present/presence of the event by displacing it to a `third domain' that is constitutive of the `time of the event'. The aim of this article is to assert that any theory of time needs to take into account the time of theory - i.e. the temporality of writing - as a principal entry for constituting an agenda for the future. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/5/1/61.abstract ID - 876 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vanobberghen, Wim PY - 2010 TI - ‘The Marvel of Our Time’ SP - 199-213 N1 - 2010/05/01 JF - Media History VL - 16 IS - 2 SN - 1368-8804 N1 - ‘The Marvel of Our Time’ M3 - 10.1080/13688801003656215 Y2 - 2011/06/27 KW - media history Technology Utopia The future Belgium radio epochalism historiography Method: comparative analysis the internet Relevance: 3 europe N2 - This paper demystifies contemporary utopian and dystopian visions about the social impact of the Internet by means of an analysis of the coverage of the introduction of radio broadcasting in Belgium in the radio amateur magazine Radio between 1923 and 1928. As technologists and first users of radio broadcasting, radio amateurs were not only close observers of technological developments but also attentive to the way Belgian society debated the social impact of radio broadcasting. This analysis shows the richness of the press as a source for tracing popular visions about new media in the past. Moreover, it pleads for a cautious approach to contemporary claims about new technology, for two reasons. Firstly, they seem to emerge out of patterns of thinking that have their roots in earlier debates about the introduction of past new media. Secondly, they present visions that do not take into account the social, economic, political and cultural position of future users. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13688801003656215 ID - 1016 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vasquez, R. PY - 2009 TI - Modernity coloniality and visibility: the politics of time JF - Sociological Research Online VL - 14 IS - 4 N1 - Modernity coloniality and visibility: the politics of time KW - chronology coevalness colonialism counter modernity critical temporalities inclusion/exclusion social justice memory modernity Multiple temporalities narrative political time Separation from the past sociology temporal inequality timelessness violence visuality western imperialism Asynchrony Relevance: 2 N2 - This paper presents the problem of the mediation between modernity and coloniality; and it explores the usefulness of the question of time to address this mediation. How can we think the simulation of modernity together with the oblivion of coloniality? The text brings the critique of time to the centre of the modernity/ coloniality debate. It shows that chronology, chronological narratives are at the heart of the modern/ colonial systems of oppression; and that the movements of resistance against 'hegemonic globalization' are not only questioning the material structures of oppression, but also the universality of the modern idea of time. It is an invitation to think about the politics of time that are at play in modernity/ coloniality. Here, the modernity/ coloniality tandem is seen as the institution of a politics of time that is geared towards the production of specific economic and political practices oriented to sever the oppressed from their past, their memory. The ensuing temporal discrimination makes invisible all that does not belong to modern temporality. Under this light, it is possible to see how the practices of resistance to the modernity/ coloniality project embody a different politics of time, one that rescues memory as a site of struggle, one that involves the possibility of inhabiting and rescuing the past. These practices of resistance are thus seen as fights against temporal discrimination: fights against invisibility. By addressing the imposition of modern time we can better understand the widespread injustice and violence of modernity/ coloniality. Furthermore, the question of time can help us to bridge the gap between the simulacra of modernity and the oblivion of coloniality. UR - http://www.socresonline.org.uk/14/4/7.html ID - 2067 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Veitch, Scott PY - 2007 TI - Law and the politics of reconciliation CY - Aldershot PB - Ashgate Publishing N1 - Law and the politics of reconciliation KW - law organisational temporalities ethics political theory temporal conflict Multiple temporalities philosophy sociology time as tool for political legitimation Relevance: 2 Forgiveness Assumptions about time obscuring x social change politics N2 - This collection of essays by an international group of authors explores the ways in which law and legal institutions are used in countries coming to terms with traumatic pasts and, in some cases, traumatic presents. In putting to question what is often taken for granted in uncritical calls for reconciliation, it critically analyses and frequently challenges the political and legal assumptions underlying discourses of reconciliation. Drawing on a broad spectrum of disciplinary and interdisciplinary insights the authors examine how competing conceptions of law, time, and politics are deployed in social transformations and how pressing demands for reconstruction, reconciliation, and justice inform and respond to legal categories and their use of time.The book is genuinely interdisciplinary, drawing on work in politics, philosophy, theology, sociology and law. It will appeal to a wide audience of researchers and academics working in these areas. UR - http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6Bl3Y5G1OjkC ID - 2023 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Verhoeven, Deb PY - 2011 BT - Explorations in New Cinema History: Approaches and Case Studies ED - Maltby, Richard ED - Biltereyst, Daniël ED - Meers, Philippe CT - Film Distribution in the Diaspora: Temporality, Community and National Cinema CY - Hoboken, NJ PB - John Wiley and Sons SP - 243-260 N1 - Film Distribution in the Diaspora: Temporality, Community and National Cinema KW - Diaspora Migration nationalism Cinema Australia Greece history Relevance: 3 inclusion/exclusion N2 - Not available... Titles of chapter sections: * Introduction * Thinking Time: Theorising the Temporality of Film Distribution and Exhibition * Territories and Circuits of Time: The Specifics of Film Distribution in Australia in the 1950s and 1960s *Marking Time: Greek Film Distribution in the Diaspora * Conclusion UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781444396416.ch14/summary ID - 717 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Videla, Nancy Plankey PY - 2006 TI - It Cuts Both Ways: Workers, Management and the Construction of a "Community of Fate" on the Shop Floor in a Mexican Garment Factory SP - 2099-2120 JF - Social Forces VL - 84 IS - 4 SN - 1534-7605 N1 - It Cuts Both Ways: Workers, Management and the Construction of a "Community of Fate" on the Shop Floor in a Mexican Garment Factory N1 - Project Muse KW - method: ethnography Mexico method: Interviews organisational temporalities Work time fate futurity Relevance: 2 methodology just-in-time production shared future Activism social Change N2 - Most studies of lean production are based on surveys of managers. This article examines the labor process under lean production at a high-end garment factory in Central Mexico through ethnographic research, consisting of nine months of work at the factory, and in-depth interviews with 25 managers and 26 workers. I found that implementation of lean production is a complex organizational and social phenomenon. I argue that besides a focus on quality, just-in-time production and flattened hierarchies, lean production is based on a management-sponsored "community of fate" ideology. In this case study, the "community of fate" ideology constructed by managers – with its discourse of loyalty and sacrifice and its buttressing corporate welfare programs – convinced workers to extend their physical, intellectual and emotional labor to the firm. What managers failed to fully understand was that in workers' eyes, the "community of fate" belief also tied the firm to the workers. When management reneged on this social pact, workers not only resisted management's efforts to regain control over the shop floor, but also actively used the team system to thwart the firm's economic viability. In the end, instead of controlling workers, lean production facilitated worker radicalization and mobilization. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_forces/v084/84.4videla.html ID - 97 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Viegas, Susana de Matos PY - 2003 TI - Eating with Your Favourite Mother: Time and Sociality in a Brazilian Amerindian Community SP - 21-37 JF - The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute VL - 9 IS - 1 SN - 13590987 N1 - Eating with Your Favourite Mother: Time and Sociality in a Brazilian Amerindian Community N1 - JSTOR KW - method: ethnography Anthropology Brazil reproductive time food repetition Relevance: 1 families care work processual Becoming social time time spent with community children/youth kinship N2 - This article is based on an ethnographic account of parent-child relations in a Caboclo-Indian community of south Bahia, Brazil. Raising a child by providing care and food is valued to such an extent that a child's mother may be the woman the child has chosen to be its mother. Choice is not understood as an act of free will, but as a time-frame in the sense that choosing one's mother is a way of emphasizing the possibility of the unmaking or reversibility of parent-child links. The article suggests a 'sociality of becoming a being-in-the-world' as an alternative not only to the notion of socialization but also to the theoretical link between kinship and society. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3134752 ID - 69 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, Xiaoying PY - 2003 TI - "A Time to Remember": The Reinvention of the Communist Hero in Postcommunist China SP - 133-153 JF - New Literary History VL - 34 IS - 1 SN - 00286087 N1 - "A Time to Remember": The Reinvention of the Communist Hero in Postcommunist China KW - cinema relevance: 3 nostalgia memory China literary theory communism postcommunism past in the present history N2 - not available UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/20057769 ID - 300 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ward, Roger PY - 2001 TI - Peirce and politics SP - 67-90 JF - Philosophy & Social Criticism VL - 27 IS - 3 N1 - Peirce and politics M3 - 10.1177/019145370102700304 N1 - SAGE KW - Charles Peirce Philosophy Pragmatism non-linear time politics Relevance: 1 temporality of academic work imagined futures inclusion/exclusion USA Democracy political philosophy N2 - Charles Sanders Peirce, a profound philosopher and logician, mortgaged the result of his enquiry on the future possibility of a community of inquirers. Peirce was not a democrat, nor a believer in the trustworthiness of common opinion, yet his agapistic metaphysics makes the incorporation of individual inquirers into the scientific community a pragmatic necessity. In this paper I attempt to bring out Peirce’s political dimension, which is embedded in his logic and his treatment of time. I suggest that at the core of Peirce’s community is a polis dependent on pragmatic temporality, a time within time that is not ordered by the facticity of the past, the immediacy of the present, or the ‘would be’ of the future. I conclude that politics is a philosophical limit for Peirce’s semiotic metaphysic, revealing the depth of his existential and philosophical problem of the freedom of the self in light of secondness, or brute experience. I suggest that this kind of treatment is necessary for a recovery of American idealism in the ongoing discussion of politics and democracy. UR - http://psc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/27/3/67 ID - 204 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Warin, Megan AU - Baum, Frances AU - Kalucy, Elizabeth AU - Murray, Charlie AU - Veale, Bronwyn PY - 2000 TI - The power of place: space and time in women's and community health centres in South Australia SP - 1863-1875 JF - Social Science & Medicine VL - 50 IS - 12 SN - 0277-9536 N1 - The power of place: space and time in women's and community health centres in South Australia M3 - Doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00423-2 N1 - Google scholar KW - Community health women Gender Australia health care organisational temporalities Method: qualitative method: quantitative method: surveys method: Interviews Anthropology time and space perception of time philosophy belonging policy Relevance: 2 N2 - This paper focuses on the importance of time and space in an Australian medical setting. It draws on research findings from a one year project that aimed to explore community perspectives of, and experiences of medical services in three South Australian women's and community health centres. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis were used in order to address these objectives. A significant finding was the way in which participants described the organisation and experience of time and space in these centres and how this impacted on their health and well being and that of the community. In analysing these spatio-temporal dimensions and the underlying philosophical structures of women's and community health centres, this paper argues that experiences associated with space and time have a positive effect on health status by: diminishing barriers to health services, improving quality of care, increasing community participation, providing safe places for social interaction and strengthening people's sense of belonging or attachment to a particular community and place. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that the spatio-temporal dimensions of health care provision have empowering and positive impacts on a community's health, a significant finding that has implications for the maintenance and future funding of this style of health service. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6VBF-3YTJCPG-F/2/8a3a9d744d6c27fcc530bd9c31e384e5 ID - 114 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Waterton, Emma AU - Smith, Laurajane PY - 2010 TI - The recognition and misrecognition of community heritage SP - 4 JF - International Journal of Heritage Studies VL - 16 IS - 1 N1 - The recognition and misrecognition of community heritage M3 - 10.1080/13527250903441671 KW - Multiple heritages heritage temporal conflict expectation future orientation Memory Place identity nostalgia homogenising present inclusion/exclusion Counter traditions Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 Assumptions about time obscuring x community engagement Social justice N2 - This paper revisits the notion of ‘community’ within the field of heritage, examining the varied ways in which tensions between different groups and their aspirations arise and are mediated. Our focus is a close examination of the conceptual disjunction that exists between a range of popular, political and academic attempts to define and negotiate memory, place, identity and cultural expression. To do so, the paper places emphasis on those expressions of community that have been taken up within dominant political and academic practice. Such expressions, we argue, are embedded with restrictive assumptions concerned with nostalgia, consensus and homogeneity, all of which help to facilitate the extent to which systemic issues tied up with social justice, recognition and subordinate status are ignored or go unidentified. This, inevitably, has serious and far-reaching consequences for community groups seeking to assert alternative understandings of heritage. Indeed, the net result has seen the virtual disappearance of dissonance and more nuanced ways of understanding heritage. Adopting an argument underpinned by Nancy Fraser's notion of a ‘politics of recognition’, this paper proposes a more critical practice of community engagement. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13527250903441671 ID - 946 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Watson, James R. PY - 1995 TI - The end of philosophy, the time of Auschwitz, and the bound transcendence of communities of differences SP - 567-573 JF - History of European Ideas VL - 20 IS - 1-3 N1 - The end of philosophy, the time of Auschwitz, and the bound transcendence of communities of differences AN - WOS:A1995QL26300079 M3 - doi:10.1016/0191-6599(95)92993-5 N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Philosophy Heidegger non-homogeneous community communities in crisis Separation from the past national time Absence of future time as all encompassing Memory hope consumerism relevance: 3 N2 - not available - from the text: The end arrives and lingers: eternal recurrence with an abyss separating us from the past while super-heated states become stronger with every recurrence foreclosing the future. Within this state of emergency, regulated by a cultural--colonising imposed intensive global time, we are marked instances of this non-utopian fulfillment of Western history. Within the elongated instant of science-technology-state, and within an eternity whose intensity is greater than that of all previous extensive times in the history of metaphysics, we instances with memories and hopes are marked differently. The intensity of our state of emergency, we who have been marked differently, is a function of the state of hyperchronic consumption. Every memory is devoured, digested and eliminated, as is every hope for a time beyond the strong state and its techno-scientifically administered means of mass death. But above all it is our mutated bodies that the fulfilled state wants to mark and remark. UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0191659995929935 ID - 64 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Watson, Sheila PY - 2011 TI - "Why can't we dig like they do on Time Team": The meaning of the past within working class communities SP - 364-379 N1 - 2011/08/02 JF - International Journal of Heritage Studies VL - 17 IS - 4 SN - 1352-7258 N1 - "Why can't we dig like they do on Time Team": The meaning of the past within working class communities N1 - doi: 10.1080/13527258.2011.577968 M3 - 10.1080/13527258.2011.577968 KW - Archaeology community engagement media inclusion/exclusion shared past heritage community development Relevance: 2 policy poverty past in the present Museums assumptions about time obscuring x U.K. England N2 - This paper describes the community excavation organised by Great Yarmouth Museums in Norfolk, England in 2001. It resulted from a period of consultation with a wide range of community representatives within the Borough during the development of the Borough's Heritage Strategy. In 2000, the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions published a review of the Indices of Deprivation, Great Yarmouth ranked fifth-worst in ward level intensity out of 354 local authority districts in England, and the excavation took place in the heart of the most deprived area of the town. Consultation showed that those who lived in this area had a strong interest in the past beyond memory and were keen to find out more about it. Above all, they wanted to take part in an excavation and put the objects they found in a new museum. The paper explores common preconceptions of working class attitudes to archaeology and heritage and considers how far these were borne out by work with deprived communities in Great Yarmouth. UR - http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13527258.2011.577968 ID - 2007 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Weeks, Jeffrey AU - Heaphy, Brian AU - Donovan, Catherine PY - 2001 BT - Same-sex intimacies: Families of choice and other life experiments CY - London PB - Routledge N1 - Same-sex intimacies: Families of choice and other life experiments KW - Sexuality Queer theory life course Method: Interviews queer temporalities Relevance: 3 Relationality affect inclusion/exclusion families change over time Agency N2 - Our families are increasingly a matter of choice, and the choices are widening all the time. This is particularly true of the non-heterosexual world, where the last ten years have seen a popular acceptance of same sex partnerships and to a lesser extent of same-sex parenting. Based on extensive interviews with people in a variety of non-traditional relationships, this fascinating new book argues that these developments in the non-heterosexual world are closely linked to wider changes in the meaning of family in society at large and that each can cast light on the other.Same Sex Intimacies offers vivid accounts of the different ways non-heterosexual people have been able to create meaningful intimate relationships for themselves and highlights the role of individual agency and collective endeavour in forging these roles: as friends, partners, parents, and as members of communities. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=kHDH6qwvolsC ID - 949 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Wegner, Phillip PY - 2002 BT - Imaginary Communities: Utopia, the Nation and the Spatial Histories of Modernity CY - Berkley and Los Angeles PB - University of California Press N1 - Imaginary Communities: Utopia, the Nation and the Spatial Histories of Modernity KW - literary theory Utopia nationalism modernity narrative imagined futures Relevance: 3 Benjamin Bloch Deleuze Heidegger Karl Mannheim Bakhtin Zizek Habermas Bhabha imagined futures Social theory Continental Philosophy N2 - Drawing from literary history, social theory, and political critique, this far-reaching study explores the utopian narrative as a medium for understanding the social space of the modern nation-state. Considering the narrative utopia from its earliest manifestation in Thomas More's sixteenth-century work Utopia to some of the most influential utopias of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this book is an astute study of a literary genre as well as a nuanced dialectical meditation on the history of utopian thinking as a quintessential history of modernity. As he unravels the dialectics at work in the utopian narrative, Wegner gives an ambitious synthetic discussion of theories of modernity, considering and evaluating the ideas of writers such as Ernst Bloch, Louis Marin, Gilles Deleuze, Walter Benjamin, Martin Heidegger, Henri Lefebvre, Paul de Man, Karl Mannheim, Mikhail Bakhtin, Jurgen Habermas, Slavoj Zizek, and Homi Bhabha. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=sLQrukyqR_EC ID - 963 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weis, Lois PY - 1986 TI - "Thirty Years Old and I'm Allowed to Be Late": The Politics of Time at an Urban Community College SP - 241-263 JF - British Journal of Sociology of Education VL - 7 IS - 3 SN - 01425692 N1 - "Thirty Years Old and I'm Allowed to Be Late": The Politics of Time at an Urban Community College N1 - JSTOR KW - Education Sociology Method: participant observation time use temporal conflict punctuality politics of time politics inclusion/exclusion organisational temporalities time discipline relevance: 2 N2 - Within recent years scholars in both sociology of education and curriculum studies have explored what it is about the school that reproduces class, race and gender relations that maintain an unequal social structure. While it has long been recognized that school outcomes differ along these lines, the role that the school plays in creating differential outcomes and forms of consciousness that sustain fundamental inequalities and antagonisms has been largely ignored. This is as much true for scholars like Bowles and Gintis as it is for earlier functionalists. This article begins to fill this void by focusing on the relationship between the 'hidden curriculum' and student culture. Data presented here were gathered as part of a larger study on the 'lived culture' of lower class black students in a community college (which I call Urban College) located in a large northeastern city in the United States. I argue that, rather than 'determine' student culture in any simple sense, the hidden curriculum and student culture emerge in relation to one another. Each creates aspects of the other and neither can be discussed or analyzed separately. The way in which elements of the hidden curriculum combine in a concrete culture to produce aspects of student consciousness is also discussed. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1392816 ID - 65 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Weltman, David PY - 2003 TI - From Political Landscape to Political Timescape: The Third Way and the Ideological Imagining of Political Change and Continuity SP - 243-262 JF - Time & Society VL - 12 IS - 2-3 N1 - From Political Landscape to Political Timescape: The Third Way and the Ideological Imagining of Political Change and Continuity KW - continuity over time politics democracy political time progress Social Change Temporal vs spatial communities Time as symbolic resource time as tool for political legitimation timelessness U.K. time and space Relevance: 2 timescape N2 - Recent changes in British politics can be partly understood in terms of the gradual replacement of political division in space by political division in time. This article explores that development by examining local politicians' accounts of political time. In the main, the rise of Third Way consensus politics was found to be represented as either a progressive or regressive development, although the former version was by far the most common. In addition, some councillors were seen to face an `ideological dilemma' between recognizing the recent emergence of non-partisan politics and a preference for a timeless non-partisanship for self. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/12/2-3/243.abstract ID - 2068 ER - TY - JOUR AU - West, Brad AU - Smith, Philip PY - 1997 TI - Natural disasters and national identity: time, space and mythology SP - 205-215 JF - Journal of Sociology VL - 33 IS - 2 N1 - Natural disasters and national identity: time, space and mythology N1 - 10.1177/144078339703300205 KW - Communities in crisis nationalism identity time and space myth Sociology functionalism methodology Australia natural disasters environment narrative orientation within time Relevance: 3 Durkheim N2 - This research note builds upon our recent publication in this journal entitled 'Drought, Discourse and Durkheim' (West and Smith 1996). Drawing upon Robert Merton's methodological recommendation that functionalist research should explore possible functional alternatives, we examine discourses surrounding Australian natural disasters other than drought: floods, earthquakes, cyclones and bushfires. The paper identifies three variables that constrain the risk and ritual orientations of natural disaster discourses—time, space and mythology. These variables explain why drought has a unique place among Australian natural disasters as the generator of a national solidaristic narrative. UR - http://jos.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/33/2/205 ID - 616 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whipp, Richard PY - 1994 TI - A time to be concerned: a position paper on time and management SP - 99-116 JF - Time & Society VL - 3 IS - 1 N1 - literature review N1 - A time to be concerned: a position paper on time and management KW - Management organisational temporalities Policy time as missing element Methodology Multiple temporalities temporal ordering relevance: 2 Review article time as symbolic resource meaning critique of discipline assumptions about time obscuring x N2 - The aim of this paper is to scrutinize the way time is currently understood and managed by organizations. In particular, the concern is with the claims made by policy makers in this area and the limited conceptions of time employed by the academics involved. After surveying the major themes in the study of time and organizations, the paper seeks to supply a basic conceptual vocabulary relevant to the task of understanding contemporary management. The second half of the paper illustrates how a pluralist conception of time might lead to a fuller appreciation of the continued diversity of time-ordering systems in organizations and their multiple sources and meanings. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/3/1/99.short ID - 985 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Whitehouse, P. J. AU - Bendezu, E. AU - FallCreek, S. AU - Whitehouse, C. PY - 2000 TI - Intergenerational community schools: A new practice for a new time SP - 761-770 JF - Educational Gerontology VL - 26 IS - 8 SN - 0360-1277 N1 - Intergenerational community schools: A new practice for a new time N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Education generations Sustainability environment organisational temporalities communities in crisis non-homogeneous community Review article social Change Relevance: 4 N2 - This article outlines the concept and initial implementation of an intergenerational learning community (ILC) a new charter school concept, and reviews relevant literature. We discuss the mission, curriculum, educational design, philosophy, and lessons learned from initial implementation of The Intergenerational School (TIS). Such multiage communities of learners represent a conceptual and organizational response to the challenges that rapid cultural and environmental change and resultant alienation are posing for human societies. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a713843603 ID - 25 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Widder, Nathan PY - 2008 BT - Reflections on Time and Politics CY - University Park, PA PB - Pennsylvania State University Press N1 - Reflections on Time and Politics KW - psychoanalysis politics Continental Philosophy political philosophy Political time Philosophy politics globalisation Acceleration of time nietzsche Bergson Deleuze non-linear time identity conceptions of time Social Change power language non-homogeneous community ethics Aristotle foucault relevance: 2 biology evolution Unpredictibility creativity archaeology Aristotle foucault critical temporalities N2 - Recent philosophical debates have moved beyond proclamations of the "death of philosophy" and the "death of the subject" to consider more positively how philosophy can be practiced and the human self can be conceptualized today. Inspired by the writings of Nietzsche, Bergson, and Deleuze, rapid changes related to globalization, and advances in evolutionary biology and neuroscience, these debates have generated a renewed focus on time as an active force of change and novelty. Rejecting simple linear models of time, these strands of thought have provided creative alternatives to a traditional reliance on fixed boundaries and stable identities that has proven unable to grapple with the intense speeds and complexities of contemporary life. In this book, Nathan Widder contributes to these debates, but also goes significantly beyond them. Holding that current writings remain too focused on time's movement, he examines more fundamentally time's structure and its structural ungrounding, releasing time completely from its traditional subordination to movement and space. Doing this enables him to reformulate entirely the terms through which time and change are understood, leading to a radical alteration of our understandings of power, resistance, language, and the unconscious, and taking post-identity political philosophy and ethics in a new direction. Eighteen independent but interlinked reflections engage with ancient philosophy, mathematical theory, dialectics, psychoanalysis, archaeology, and genealogy. The book's broad coverage and novel rereadings of key figures including Aristotle, Bergson, Nietzsche, Foucault, and Deleuze make this a unique rethinking of the nature of pluralism, multiplicity, and politics. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=rLzwLH-sLMsC ID - 625 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wiegman, Robyn PY - 2000 TI - Feminism's Apocalyptic Futures SP - 805-825 JF - New Literary History VL - 31 IS - 4 N1 - Feminism's Apocalyptic Futures KW - feminism history futurity future orientation non-homogeneous community continuity over time Critical temporalities origin stories Gender reproductive time Simultaneity temporal boundaries homogenising present political time time as all encompassing inclusion/exclusion Knowledge Duration Relevance: 2 Absence of future temporality of academic work political time Generations women's time Teleology N2 - not available - from the text: By resisting the way in which the present is diagnosed as failure and the future is cast in apocalyptic terms, I argue not only for the political value of feminism's inability to remain identical to itself, but for a studied reassessment of the meaning and force of academic institutionalization itself. To this nonreproductive end, the paper is organized into four parts. The first reads the structure of time implicit in apocalyptic narration in order to question the equation of feminism's "political time" with continuity, history, and origin. Such equations make of feminism's own history a story of maternal order and generational succession, thereby reproducing a model for feminist subjectivity that requires it to be self-identical across time. The second section examines one compelling account of academic feminism's history which, in seeking to avoid the apocalyptic formulation and its implicit demand for a self-identical feminism, argues for "feminisms in the plural" to simultaneously attend to sociopolitical differences within feminism and to guarantee feminism's futurity. Here, I worry about the way this model avoids what the apocalyptic tries to speak--the fear that feminism cannot guarantee its futurity--by rendering "difference" subjective and writing feminism's political time as all-inclusive. This argument sets up my penultimate discussion, which focuses on the difference between women's subjectivities and feminist knowledge in order to consider at paper's end how we might rearticulate not only the politics of knowledge in the contemporary academy, but feminism's political time away from beginnings or endings and toward the problem of its (and our) critical "duration." These arguments are part of a larger deliberation on the question: What does it mean to consider the academy as a site of feminist intervention at this historical juncture? UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/new_literary_history/v031/31.4wiegman.html ID - 976 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wiegman, Robyn PY - 2004 TI - On Being in Time with Feminism SP - 161-176 JF - Modern Language Quarterly VL - 65 IS - 1 N1 - On Being in Time with Feminism KW - feminism non-linear time feminist theory philosophy organisational temporalities USA Synchronicity Asynchrony time management temporal conflict shared past Critical temporalities Past in the present Continuity over time community stability Unpredictibility relevance: 2 Activism temporality of academic work knowledge production imagined futures N2 - not available - from the text: As a deliberation on the psychic life that these and other transformations generate, my essay proceeds by tracing, somewhat loosely, the lines of the struggle between languages that seem most powerfully to hail and haunt us: between theory and experience, to be sure, but also between the academic and the feminist, institutionalization and social movement, the past and the future. By delineating the complex particularity of women's studies in the U.S. university, I hope to offer one palpable [End Page 166] example of the costs and limitations that seeking to be in time with feminism—and to render feminism coherent in time—entails. For it seems to me that the desire to "be in time with feminism," along with the mechanisms of temporal management that such desire invites, is at the heart of the agony that currently characterizes academic feminist deliberations on itself. My argumentative strategy is less thesis driven than meditative—to those committed to methodological or rhetorical orthodoxies, it may appear to meander—but my intention is to evoke something concrete about the ways in which our complex, persistent political desire plays out in those institutional forms most familiar to us: in the teaching of students to be teachers, in the making of canons and the search for the shared temporality of foundational knowledge, in the traffic between the intense and painful political emergency of the present and the haunting presence of a past whose loss has a certain life of its own. The importance of understanding our failure to learn—or, more accurately, the constitutive failure that learning entails—is central to, if not always in the foreground of, my meditations, along with profound respect and deep regret for the psychic life that such struggles and their failures beget. My goal is to enact a kind of nomadic thinking that refuses to take any learning as final by giving feminism a future to be other than what we think it was or what we assume we now are. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/modern_language_quarterly/v065/65.1wiegman.html ID - 569 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Wilcox, Donald J. PY - 1987 BT - The Measure of Times Past: Pre-Newtonian Chronologies and the Rhetoric of Relative Time CY - Chicago and London PB - University of Chicago Press N1 - The Measure of Times Past: Pre-Newtonian Chronologies and the Rhetoric of Relative Time KW - narrative History Chronology linear time Newton non-linear time methodology Relativity Theory literary theory Relevance: 3 changing perceptions of time Assumptions about time obscuring x temporality of academic work N2 - From the back cover; In this extraordinary work, Donald J. Wilcox seeks to discover an approach to narrative and history consistent with the discontinuous, relative time of the twentieth century. He shows how our B.C./A.D. system, intimately connected to Newtonian concepts of continuous, objective, and absolute time, has affected our conception and experience of the past. He demonstrates absolute time's centrality to modern historical methodologies and the problems it has created in the selection and interpretation of facts. Inspired by contemporary fiction and Einsteinian concepts of relativity, he concludes his analysis with a comparison of our system with earlier, pre-Newtonian time schemes to create a radical new critique of historical objectivity. UR - http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=4iGCgQFppTwC ID - 540 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Willems-Braun, Bruce PY - 1997 TI - Buried Epistemologies: The Politics of Nature in (Post) Colonial British Columbia SP - 3-31 JF - Annals of the Association of American Geographers VL - 87 IS - 1 SN - 00045608 N1 - Buried Epistemologies: The Politics of Nature in (Post) Colonial British Columbia KW - Geography politics environment Canada Knowledge postcolonialism Past in the present temporal distancing timelessness Conservation practices critical temporalities Relevance: 3 policy politics nature history N2 - Postcolonial theory has asserted the need to carefully consider how present-day social and cultural practices are marked by histories of colonialism. This paper explores representations of the `rainforest' and `nature' in British Columbia, Canada, and traces a series of `buried epistemologies' through which neocolonial relations are asserted in the region. Drawing upon recent representations of the forest proffered by the forest industry and the environmental movement, and the historical writings of a prominent nineteenth-century geologist and amateur ethnologist, the author shows how `nature' (`wilderness') has been constructed as a realm separate from `culture.' He locates in this the possibility for contemporary practices that abstract and displace the `forest' from its cultural surrounds and relocate it within the abstract spaces of the market, the nation, and, in recent ecological rhetorics, the biosphere and the global community. By so doing, the author contests assumptions that colonialism is only an `ugly chapter' of Canadian history and argues instead that colonialist practices and rhetorics remain present but unthought in many of the categories, identities, and representational practices that are deployed today both in public debate and scientific management of `natural landscapes' and `natural resources.' Thus, amid the current popularity of notions like sustainable development, biodiversity management, ecosystem restoration, and so on-which risk abstracting natural `systems' apart from their cultural surrounds-it is essential to recognize the colonial histories and neocolonial rhetorics that continue to infuse `commonsense' categories and identities like `nature' and `resources.' UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2564120 ID - 284 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, P. AU - Pocock, B. AU - Bridge, K. PY - 2009 TI - Kids' lives in adult space and time: How home, community, school and adult work affect opportunity for teenagers in suburban Australia SP - 472-472 JF - Health Sociology Review VL - 18 IS - 4 SN - 1446-1242 N1 - Kids' lives in adult space and time: How home, community, school and adult work affect opportunity for teenagers in suburban Australia N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - generations education organisational temporalities sociology Australia Method: Focus groups health children/youth coordinating between different times urban communities labour time life course home Families time management inclusion/exclusion temporal inequality Temporal conflict temporal complexity Relevance: 2 Agency N2 - This study aimed to address significant gaps in our understanding of how teenagers live their lives within the spatial and temporal limitations imposed by an 'adult' world, and in the context of changing work and household patterns in Australia. By keeping home, community, school and parental work in equal focus it acknowledges that each of these spheres has the potential to provide resources and exert demands which will influence the opportunities available to teenagers as they transition through adolescence into adulthood. Methods: One hundred and seventy four boys and girls aged between 11 and 18 years took part in twenty two focus groups concerned with how characteristics of home, local community and parental work impact on various aspects of their lives. Teenagers were recruited from both state and private schools servicing three master planned communities and three traditional lower socioeconomic status suburbs in South Australia, Victoria and Queensland. Findings: there is a clear indication that teenagers' lives are contingent upon adult space and time. What teenagers do, how they do it, when they do it and with whom they do it sits within and sometimes buts up against, the spatial and temporal realities of their parents and other adults in their communities. While this is the case for all teenagers the outcomes vary for teenagers of different socioeconomic backgrounds and for teenagers in different age groups. These findings demonstrate that the ability of teenagers to access opportunities for social interaction, work experience, education, physical activity and independent agency depend on the amenity, mobility and adult availability characteristics of the contexts within which they live. Conclusion: How teenagers are accommodated by home, local community, school and parental work affects not only their well-being but the well-being of their family and the wider community. UR - http://www.atypon-link.com/EMP/doi/abs/10.5172/hesr.18.1.79 ID - 13 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Williams, R. R. PY - 1989 TI - The Absolute, Community, and Time SP - 141-153 JF - Idealistic Studies VL - 19 IS - 2 SN - 0046-8541 N1 - The Absolute, Community, and Time N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Josiah Royce ontology Simultaneity Knowledge philosophy Relevance: 1 Religion theology pragmatism N2 - This article explores the development of Royce's thought in which the concept of the absolute knower (totum simul) is modified and transformed into a theory of interpretation and social ontology. The absolute is not simply abandoned in favor of an ontological theory of community, but is rather transformed into a social and historical conception. The unity of a community of interpretation is distinguished from the totum simul unity of an absolute knower. The latter is an abstraction from the former. This thesis is relevant to process theology and theodicy. UR - http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=11814598 ID - 38 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Williams, W. H. A. PY - 1991 BT - Time, Rhythms, and Chaos in the New Dialogue with Nature ED - Scott, George P. CT - The Nonlinear Nature of Social Time CY - Ames, IA PB - Iowa State University Press SP - 147-160 N1 - The Nonlinear Nature of Social Time AN - WOS:A1991BT40G00009 KW - non-linear time social time Complexity theory Relevance: unknown N2 - not available - review of the collection from http://www.whb.co.uk/socialissues/harvey.htm "Nowhere is this better seen than in a volume entitled Time, Rhythms, and Chaos in the New Dialogue with Nature (1991) edited by George P. Scott, who was at the time a research fellow at the Ilya Prigogine Center, University of Texas. The essays contained therein are written by scholars drawn from a wide range of academic disciplines. Their task was to show how the metaphors of Chaos Theory might be usefully applied to their respective fields. And while, with a few exceptions, these essays were either too arcane or too undistinguished for general use, each communicates the intellectual excitement and liberating effect the chaos perspective can have." UR - not available ID - 798 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Wilson, Anita PY - 2004 BT - Spatializing literacy research and practice ED - Leander, Kevin M. ED - Sheehy, Margaret CT - Four Days and a Breakfast: Time, Space and Literacy/ies in the Prison Community PB - Peter Lang SP - 67-90 N1 - Four Days and a Breakfast: Time, Space and Literacy/ies in the Prison Community N1 - Google Scholar KW - education method: ethnography prison life time and space Agency social time Relevance: 2 N2 - None available - from intro: My aim here is to show that far from being the anonymous docile mass that statistics would suggest, people in prison retain a strong sense of personal agency, which they apply in culturally appropriate ways to both time and space. It is also my intention, supported by the views of prisoners and staff, to show that literacy-related activities, practices, and artifacts play a central role in this struggle to make sense of the various dminsions of the prison world. ID - 119 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wilson, J. Bastow AU - Sykes, Martin T. AU - Peet, Robert K. PY - 1995 TI - Time and Space in the Community Structure of a Species-Rich Limestone Grassland SP - 729-740 JF - Journal of Vegetation Science VL - 6 IS - 5 SN - 11009233 N1 - Time and Space in the Community Structure of a Species-Rich Limestone Grassland N1 - JSTOR KW - Agriculture ecology ecological communities community stability change over time Sweeden Europe method: quantitative conservation practices relevance: 4 N2 - The community structure of a species-rich grassland was investigated at a small spatial scale, to determine whether evidence suggesting assembly rules could be found in temporal or spatial variation in either species richness or guild proportions. The community was alvar lime-stone grassland on the island of Öland, Sweden. Three sites were sampled: two lightly grazed, the other recently ungrazed. Plots with and without fertilizer were compared. Evidence was sought for restriction on the ability of species to co-occur within a limited spatial area. Restriction due to a limited number of niches available, `niche limitation', could be manifest as lower variance in quadrat richness than expected under a null model (i.e. RVr, the ratio of observed: expected variance in richness, would be < 1.0). In several cases, RVr values were significantly < 1.0, even using a patch model to allow for possible spatial variation in the environment. Low RVr values were found only at the smallest square quadrat size, 10 cm2. On Fertilized plots in the years immediately after application of fertilizer, low RVr could not be demonstrated. Explanations of low RVr other than niche limitation are considered, such as environmental heterogeneity (present and/or historical) and limitations to the co-occurrence of individual plant modules. Assembly rules based on guild membership were sought by looking at the variance across quadrats in the proportions of species from morphological guilds. An assembly rule would be seen as relatively constant proportion, estimated via RVgp, the ratio of observed:expected variances in guild proportions. Significant guild proportionality was found in some cases. There was no evidence of guild proportionality in the years after the application of fertilizer. The significant effects in RVr were more numerous than expected on a random basis, though not observed in every site in every year. Similar trends were seen in RVgp. At the space/ time scales examined, the species in a plant community may be constrained by assembly rules only intermittently, e.g. when resources are more limiting (Wiens 1977). Under this concept, when competition is relaxed, such as following fertilizer application, there is a temporary microhabitat `waterhole' in which more species can coexist, and the assembly rules break down, at least temporarily whilst the species composition adjusts. There was some indication of a return to more deterministic community structure four years after fertilization commenced. Variants of van der Maarel's Carousel model were tested. A Niche-limited Carousel Model (i.e. a model in which there is some limitation in the number of species that can occupy a microsite) would imply restricted variation in richness through time for a single quadrat (temporal RV4). Overall differences between years in species richness were demonstrated, and their effect removed; after this adjustment there was support for the Niche-limited Carousel Model. The extent of this limitation varied between sites. There were also consistent differences between quadrats in species richness. There was little evidence for constancy of guild proportions through time. The site that showed the strongest community structure in time and space, least year-to-year variation in mean species richness, and least response to fertilizer perturbation, is that on the shallowest soil. Possibly the thin soil results in greater resource limitation, supporting suggestions that assembly rules are stronger when resources are more limited. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/3236444 ID - 72 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Wilson, Major L. PY - 1974 BT - Space, Time, and Freedom: The Quest for Nationality and the Irrepressible Conflict, 1815-1861 PB - Greenwood Press N1 - Space, Time, and Freedom: The Quest for Nationality and the Irrepressible Conflict, 1815-1861 KW - political science nationalism political time time as tool for political legitimation Territory Changing perceptions of time Relevance: 2 Democratic present progress future orientation timelessness Slavery N2 - not available - from book review - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2936242 "The book's argument may be summarized (and oversimplified) as follows: during the years 1815-1861 the three conceptual elements men- tioned in the title-Space, Time, and Freedom-were related in different ways in the minds of different politicians. Prevailing at first was a ttcor- porate concept of freedom," with a strong sense of institutions and a belief in progress through group effort over the course of time. It found expression in Henry Clay's American System and an outstanding spokesman in Daniel Webster. Next to prevail was "federative freedom," which had a "quality of timelessness"; it emphasized "liberty for individuals," and it assumed that the nation's future could be improved not by any "qualitative change" in freedom but only by a "quantitative spread" through terrestrial space. This was the Jacksonians' conception, and it was realized in their programs of economic laissez-faire and territorial expansion (manifest destiny). Finally there rose to the top the idea of "freedom national," a kind of individual freedom that had some similarities with the Jacksonian concept but implied a return to original principles that would justify expansion only for the benefit of nonslaveholding whites. This was the free soil position, and its leading exponent was Abraham Lincoln. " UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=-REaAQAAIAAJ ID - 592 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Winnubst, Shannon PY - 2010 TI - Temporality in Queer Theory and Continental Philosophy SP - 136-146 JF - Philosophy Compass VL - 5 IS - 2 N1 - Temporality in Queer Theory and Continental Philosophy KW - Queer temporalities queer theory Continental Philosophy philosophy methodology futurity Relevance: 3 foucault the future critical temporalities Review article N2 - The connections between the fields of queer theory and continental philosophy are strange and strained: simultaneously difficult and all too easy to ferret out, there is no easy narrative for how the two fields interconnect. Both sides of the relation seem either to disavow or simply repress any relation to the other. For example, despite the impact of Foucault’s History of Sexuality, Volume One on early queer theory, current work in queer of color critique challenges the politics and epistemology of placing this text in such a canonical position, particularly for the adamantly anti-foundational field of queer theory.1 On the other hand, continental philosophy, perhaps in its ongoing beleaguered attempt to form an identity within the analytically dominated discipline of philosophy in the United States,2 seems largely to ignore the growth of queer theory, despite the provocative and invigorating work on some of continental philosophy’s most beloved topics, such as temporality, embodiment, desire, the negative, and radically anti-foundational subjectivity, epistemology, and politics. Setting aside the thorny project of their genealogical connections and disconnections, this essay turns to current trajectories in the field of queer theory, particularly the heated debates about temporality and the future, to indicate how this contemporary scholarship both draws on and exceeds a grounding in continental philosophy. UR - http://www.blackwell-compass.com/subject/philosophy/article_view?article_id=phco_articles_bpl278 ID - 543 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Withers, Deborah M. AU - Chidgey, Red PY - 2010 TI - Complicated Inheritance: Sistershow (1973-1974) and the Queering of Feminism SP - 309 - 322 JF - Women: A Cultural Review VL - 21 IS - 3 N1 - Complicated Inheritance: Sistershow (1973-1974) and the Queering of Feminism M3 - 10.1080/09574042.2010.513494 KW - feminist theory Activism Chronology narrative feminism agency action temporal distancing Coevalness generations non-linear time history Method: oral history Method: life histories queer theory historiography Relevance: 2 epochalism generations inheritance N2 - This article aims to disrupt such teleological narratives of ‘second’ and ‘third wave’ feminist activism by introducing and analysing some aspects of the British Women’s Liberation Movement, such as ‘queer tendencies’, that we may more readily recognise as ‘third wave’. In particular, we aim to move away from assumptions that ascribe specific tactics or ideologies to certain time periods or generations. In its place we wish to present the idea that feminists have used activist strategies that recur throughout the history of feminist struggle. Such an understanding, we believe, can help us move away from a rigid, generational-based knowledge of feminism, both past and present. In our presentation of Sistershow life history materials (oral interviews and letters) and historical artefacts (photographs, programmes, flyers), we reclaim a lively episode of WLM cultural activism. We analyse how this collective work, with its strategically queer inflections, interferes with dominant narratives of Western feminist theory and historiographies.3 In doing so, we re-locate so-called third wave tendencies such as camp (Conrad 2001) in Sistershow performances. This allows us to question the widespread but problematic presentation of these tendencies as triggering a shift from puritan, ‘anti-sex’ second wave practices to a more pleasure orientated present. In summary, we aim to contribute a playful troubling of both one-dimensional understandings of ‘seventies feminism’ (Graham et al. 2003) and the ‘unique’ legacies of so-called contemporary feminist activist strategies. UR - http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/rwcr/2010/00000021/00000003/art00007 ID - 544 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Witmore, Christopher L. PY - 2006 TI - Vision, Media, Noise and the Percolation of Time SP - 267-292 JF - Journal of Material Culture VL - 11 IS - 3 N1 - Vision, Media, Noise and the Percolation of Time KW - Media materiality cultural studies visuality Archaeology sound Technology Modernity methodology critique of discipline Method: dynamic rather than static Critical temporalities non-linear time Assumptions about time obscuring x Relevance: 2 Affect asynchrony critique of discipline N2 - Why in the articulation of archaeological knowledge have wider sensory properties of the material world been over looked? This article considers this question in relation to sound. It argues that the neglect of sound is partly the product of human transactions with instruments and media in practice. Moreover, the denial of sound as a relevant category of archaeological inquiry arises out of modernist notions of space-time that reside at the heart of the discipline. So while the visual is linked with spatial properties that are resistant to change, the aural is connected with the temporal and is considered momentary and fleeting in nature. Still, it is argued that sound as a quality of things is fundamental to human sensation - to being. In building upon a non-modernist notion of time where entities and events quite distant in a linear temporality are proximate through their simultaneous entanglement and percolation I suggest we might learn what we can understand from tuning into the acoustic properties of the material past. But rather than reproduce an unnecessary dualism between seeing and hearing, this endeavor will require us to relearn how to see and hear at the same time through other, complimentary modes of articulation and engagement. UR - http://mcu.sagepub.com/content/11/3/267.abstract ID - 1047 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wittmann, M. AU - Dinich, J. AU - Merrow, M. AU - Roenneberg, T. PY - 2006 TI - Social jetlag: Misalignment of biological and social time SP - 497-509 JF - Chronobiology International VL - 23 IS - 1-2 SN - 0742-0528 N1 - Social jetlag: Misalignment of biological and social time M3 - citeulike-article-id:9700061 KW - biological time chronobiology education method: questionnaires policy psychology scheduling Social coordination Social time temporal conflict Asynchrony biology health care Relevance: 2 N2 - Humans show large differences in the preferred timing of their sleep and activity. This so-called "chronotype" is largely regulated by the circadian clock. Both genetic variations in clock genes and environmental influences contribute to the distribution of chronotypes in a given population, ranging from extreme early types to extreme late types with the majority falling between these extremes. Social (e.g., school and work) schedules interfere considerably with individual sleep preferences in the majority of the population. Late chronotypes show the largest differences in sleep timing between work and free days leading to a considerable sleep debt on work days, for which they compensate on free days. The discrepancy between work and free days, between social and biological time, can be described as 'social jetlag'. Here, we explore how sleep quality and psychological wellbeing are associated with individual chronotype and/or social jetlag. A total of 501 volunteers filled out the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) as well as additional questionnaires on: (i) sleep quality (SF-A), (ii) current psychological wellbeing (Basler Befindlichkeitsbogen), (iii) retrospective psychological wellbeing over the past week (POMS), and (iv) consumption of stimulants (e.g. , caffeine, nicotine, and alcohol). Associations of chronotype, wellbeing, and stimulant consumption are strongest in teenagers and young adults up to age 25 yrs. The most striking correlation exists between chronotype and smoking, which is significantly higher in late chronotypes of all ages (except for those in retirement). We show these correlations are most probably a consequence of social jetlag, i.e., the discrepancies between social and biological timing rather than a simple association to different chronotypes. Our results strongly suggest that work (and school) schedules should be adapted to chronotype whenever possible. UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0742052050500545979 ID - 2069 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wohlrab-Sahr, Monika PY - 2004 TI - Integrating Different Pasts, Avoiding Different Futures?: Recent Conflicts about Islamic Religious Practice and Their Judicial Solutions SP - 51-70 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 1 N1 - Integrating Different Pasts, Avoiding Different Futures?: Recent Conflicts about Islamic Religious Practice and Their Judicial Solutions N1 - 10.1177/0961463X04040746 KW - temporal conflict law Migration Religion Simultaneity Shared future inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 2 coordinating between different times Islam europe time as tool for managing percieved threats Multiculturalism Multiple heritages Absence of future contradictory present N2 - In several European countries there have been judicial decisions relating to the religious practice of Muslim immigrants: Law suits about headscarves in public schools and ritual slaughter are prominent examples. When issues of religious difference are being treated at the Supreme Court level, this indicates a problem of social integration in a growingly multicultural society. In this article such decisions are interpreted as an effort to integrate references to a foreign religious past while avoiding references to a future that might arise from it. Through this, the unstructured and conflicting simultaneity of different religious pasts and presents is shaped into a structured ‘simultaneity of the non-simultaneous’. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/13/1/51.abstract ID - 901 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wolfer, T. A. PY - 1999 TI - "It happens all the time": Overcoming the limits of memory and method for chronic community violence experience SP - 1070-1094 JF - Journal of Interpersonal Violence VL - 14 IS - 10 SN - 0886-2605 N1 - "It happens all the time": Overcoming the limits of memory and method for chronic community violence experience N1 - ISI Web of Knowledge KW - Method: Interviews Method: dynamic rather than static Violence Women Memory Methodology critique of discipline relevance: 3 children/youth Trauma N2 - To date most researchers concerned with chronic community violence have studied children's experiences and used one-time interviews. In contrast, this study focused on the extent and variety of women's experiences, and used a combination of one-time and repeated interviews. Based on a study of women's experience with chronic community violence, this article argues for the value of repeated, in-depth interviewing about current experience as a method of studying encounters with high-frequency, potentially traumatic events. In short, it suggests that one-time, retrospective interview methods may substantially underestimate the level of the women's experience with chronic community violence and that repeated weekly interviews offer a more thorough and derailed assessment that may serve as a concurrent validity check for brief structured instruments. UR - http://jiv.sagepub.com/content/14/10/1070.short ID - 30 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wood, Charles PY - 2008 TI - Time, Cycles and Tempos in Social-ecological Research and Environmental Policy SP - 261-282 JF - Time & Society VL - 17 IS - 2-3 N1 - Time, Cycles and Tempos in Social-ecological Research and Environmental Policy M3 - citeulike-article-id:9700064 KW - anthropology communities in crisis cyclical time environment history methodology Multiple temporalities organisational temporalities policy responsibility temporal complexity Temporal conflict Temporality of academic work temporally extended responsibilities biology conservation practices coordinating between different times Relevance: 2 N2 - The execution of successful social-ecological research and the formulation of effective environmental policies crucially depend on a deep knowledge of the temporal complexity of the interactions between social and biophysical systems. To promote a keener awareness of the relevance of time, cycles, and tempos, this study assembles examples drawn from a range of disciplines to delineate the ways temporality enters into human behavior, resource management, and the conduct of social-ecological research. Anthropological and historical studies document the culturally embedded temporal subjectivities that shape the way humans exploit or conserve natural resources. Analyses of environmental policy show how temporal considerations enter into intervention strategies via such concepts as discount rates, property rights and the precautionary principle. The centrality of temporal assumptions is further evidenced by the time-dependent foundations of disciplinary specializations. The likelihood of temporal mismatches between the specializations that participate in interdisciplinary research and between the scientific findings and environmental policy can be mitigated by giving attention to temporal grain, temporal fallacy and temporal extent. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/17/2-3/261 ID - 2070 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Wood, David PY - 2007 BT - Time After Time CY - Bloomington PB - Indiana University Press N1 - Time After Time KW - Philosophy Continental Philosophy non-linear time Multiple temporalities temporal complexity Nietzsche Heidegger Derrida Repetition Creativity history Progress Phenomenology Deconstruction Relevance: 3 postmodernism narrative Historical time N2 - In Time After Time, David Wood accepts, without pessimism, the broad postmodern idea of the end of time. Wood exposes the rich, stratified, and non-linear textures of temporal complexity that characterize our world. Time includes breakdowns, repetitions, memories, and narratives that confuse a clear and open understanding of what it means to occupy time and space. In these thoughtful and powerful essays, Wood engages Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Derrida to demonstrate how repetition can preserve sameness and how creativity can interrupt time. Wood's original thinking about time charts a course through the breakdown in our trust in history and progress and poses a daring and productive way of doing phenomenology and deconstruction. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=3VydxUHu2AUC ID - 1022 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wright, Derek PY - 1990 TI - "Time and Community: 'Ritual Moments' in 'The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born'" SP - 101 JF - Commonwealth (Dijon) VL - 12 SN - 0395-6989 N1 - "Time and Community: 'Ritual Moments' in 'The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born'" N1 - Periodicals Archive Online KW - Literature multiple temporalities temporal conflict synchronicity static time ritual linear time cyclical time eternity historical time critical temporalities Relevance: 1 permanence what is not yet N2 - Not available - from the text: "As I have demonstrated elsewhere, time in the novel is both Western linear change and cyclic repetition, diachronic energy and entropized permanence, and the past is both motion and object, process and place. What I intend to argue more narrowly in this article, however, is that, although he fully explores the destructiveness of historical time and of the imported individualistic values reflected in it at the centre of the book, Armah surrounds them with an opposing, counter-alliance of communal feeling and a static or synchronic conception of time which gathers considerable power of suggestion and strenght as a source of value in the course of the novel" UR - http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:y678-1990-012-02-000010 ID - 103 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wylie, Jonathan PY - 1982 TI - The Sense of Time, the Social Construction of Reality, and the Foundations of Nationhood in Dominica and the Faroe Islands SP - 438-466 JF - Comparative Studies in Society and History VL - 24 IS - 3 SN - 00104175 N1 - The Sense of Time, the Social Construction of Reality, and the Foundations of Nationhood in Dominica and the Faroe Islands KW - in/commensurability between times cultural variants of time Carribean Denmark Europe history Method: comparative analysis Development Progress Relevance: 2 N2 - not available - from the text: This essay concerns the sense of time and the social construction of reality in Casse and in Alvab0ur. They could hardly be more different. Casse's past is shallow and unimportantA; lvab0ur's is deep and a topic of general interest. In Casse reality is shiftingly construed, often through argument, as a matter of received opinion, or else it is founded distantly in the antithetical world of white men's ways and God's word. In Alvab0ur the social order is construed in terms of such portions of reality as historical truths and the order of nature. I also want to suggest a corollary of these differences, with the broader intention of comparing Afro-Caribbean and Scandinavian society. What the Dominican press called "the move to independence" was profoundly ahistorical and culturally threatening; in the Faroes, gradual separation from Denmark has seemed an almost natural fulfillment of cultural development. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/178510 ID - 590 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Wyschogrod, Edith PY - 1998 BT - An Ethics of Remembering: History, Heterology, and the Nameless Others CY - Chicago and London PB - University of Chicago Press N1 - An Ethics of Remembering: History, Heterology, and the Nameless Others KW - history memory ethics postmodernism modernity Multiple temporalities inclusion/exclusion shared past methodology philosophy Continental Philosophy psychology Cinema Critical temporalities Relevance: 2 Historiography Archives Method: archives The internet N2 - What are the ethical responsibilities of the historian in an age of mass murder and hyperreality? Can one be postmodern and still write history? For whom should history be written? Edith Wyschogrod animates such questions through the passionate figure of the "heterological historian." Realizing the philosophical impossibility of ever recovering "what really happened," this historian nevertheless acknowledges a moral imperative to speak for those who have been rendered voiceless, to give countenance to those who have become faceless, and hope to the desolate. Wyschogrod also weighs the impact of modern archival methods, such as photographs, film, and the Internet, which bring with them new constraints on the writing of history and which mandate a new vision of community. Drawing on the works of continental philosophers, historiographers, cognitive scientists, and filmmakers, Wyschogrod creates a powerful new framework for the understanding of history and the ethical duties of the historian. UR - http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dli1a8KmnDwC ID - 545 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yafeh, Orit PY - 2007 TI - The Time in the Body: Cultural Construction of Femininity in Ultraorthodox Kindergartens for Girls SP - 516-553 JF - Ethos VL - 35 IS - 4 SN - 00912131 N1 - The Time in the Body: Cultural Construction of Femininity in Ultraorthodox Kindergartens for Girls KW - embodiment gender education Religion Anthropology Method: ethnography Judaism Israel Past in the present Relevance: 2 feminism inclusion/exclusion Critical temporalities life course Ritual identity women's time Multiple temporalities social time children/youth Middle East N2 - This study focuses on the coming into being of young gendered subjects through their bodies and their habitus. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Ultraorthodox (Haredi) Jewish kindergartens for girls in Jerusalem, Israel. My analysis explores the cultural constructions of femininity and the body as these are revealed through practices regarding clothing, hair, voice, food consumption, gestures, and whole-body movements. I suggest that the value of modesty, characterized by abstinence and restraint, becomes the cornerstone of Haredi femininity, which is at the same time embodied in "doing," in certain acts that become feminine rituals of cultural affiliation. Furthermore, I argue that the girls embody a unique cultural concept of time, which reflects the importance attributed in their culture to reliving the past as a formative experience of both present and future identities. More specifically, I delineate the development of a distinctly female bodily version of Jewish time, which is characterized by a particular synthesis of cultural and individual orders of time. UR - http://www.anthrosource.net/Abstract.aspx?issn=0091-2131&volume=35&issue=4&doubleissueno=0&article=235760&suppno=0&jstor=False&cyear=2007 ID - 283 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ye, Q. AU - Wu, B. AU - Suo, L. J. AU - Zhu, T. AU - Han, C. AU - Wang, B. PY - 2009 BT - Machine Learning and Knowledge Discovery in Databases, Pt Ii ED - Buntine, W. ED - Grobelnik, M. ED - Mladenic, D. ED - ShaweTaylor, J. CT - TeleComVis: Exploring Temporal Communities in Telecom Networks CP - 5782 T3 - Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence SP - 755-758 N1 - TeleComVis: Exploring Temporal Communities in Telecom Networks SN - 0302-9743 978-3-642-04173-0 AN - ISI:000272076400057 KW - technology media Communication methodology networks Relevance: 3 N2 - By the structure of call graphs derived from huge amounts of Call Records, we call find out the Social communities ill the call graphs, and make different; market, strategies for these social communities ill real telecom applications. However, traditional telecom business., intelligence methods m-e short, of ways to understand the social interactions. To fill this gap, we propose a Telecom Community Visual Analysis prototype tool, called TeleComVis, to analyze the call graphs derived from Call Detail Records. In the demo, we will show (1) the functions of TeleComVis: (2) the critical techniques of finding statistically significant communities in real-world telecom applications. Using TeleComVis, users call both analyze the statistical properties, of massive call graphs and explore the statistically significant communities and the temporal links interactively. ID - 842 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ÿian, Hogne PY - 2004 TI - Time Out and Drop Out: On the Relation between Linear Time and Individualism SP - 173-195 JF - Time & Society VL - 13 IS - 2-3 N1 - Time Out and Drop Out: On the Relation between Linear Time and Individualism KW - boredom individual time labour time life course linear time methodology modernity Multiple temporalities Social coordination sociology Temporal conflict Time as resource Time discipline children/youth Relevance: 2 N2 - By way of focusing on two partly opposing temporalizations found in different social practices of young persons out of work, some central aspects of the relation between individualism and linear time are discussed, in particular in relation to the question of self-identity. It is concluded that if linear time should have any analytical value in the study of late modernity it should refer to the social practices and ideology of individualism and neither to the orchestrating of collectives nor to unidirectionality and irreversibility. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/content/13/2-3/173.abstract ID - 2071 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yiftachel, O. PY - 2002 TI - Territory as the Kernel of the Nation: Space, Time and Nationalism in Israel/Palestine SP - 215-248 JF - Geopolitics VL - 7 IS - 2 SN - 1465-0045 N1 - Territory as the Kernel of the Nation: Space, Time and Nationalism in Israel/Palestine KW - geography history homogenising present Israel myth nationalism Palestine Relevance: 3 time and space national time territory time as symbolic resource identity Judaism N2 - The article deals with the relations between time and space in the making of modern nations, focusing on conditions of territorial conflicts in general, and on expansionist 'ethnocratic' societies in particular. Under such conditions, it is argued, territory (the 'where' of the nation) becomes a most vital 'kernel' of national mobilisation, while the history of national origins (the 'when') tends to become mythical and homogenous, used chiefly to boost the territorial struggle. A geographical critique of dominant theories of nationalism is presented, focusing on their 'spatial blindness' and analytical fusion of nation and state. These deficiencies are conspicuous in ethnocratic societies, where the 'national project' does not aspire to merge nation and state, but on the contrary, to essentialise and segregate group identities. While the 'when' and the 'where' of the nation are still intimately intertwined, it is the latter that provides the core of nation-building. The claim is substantiated through a detailed account of Zionist and Palestinian nationalisms. In recent decades, the struggle over land has shaped the two national cultures as intensely territorial, with a wide range of symbols, values and practices intimately attached to settlement and land control, pitting Jewish hitnahalut (settlement) verses Palestinian sumud (steadfastness). Territorial issues, however, remain the 'kernel' of Zionist and Palestinian national mobilisation. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/10.1080/714000930 ID - 2062 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Yoneyama, Lisa PY - 1999 BT - Hiroshima Traces: Time, Space, and the Dialectics of Memory CY - Berkeley PB - University of California T3 - Twentieth Century Japan: the Emergence of a World Power N1 - Hiroshima Traces: Time, Space, and the Dialectics of Memory KW - Japan Memory Knowledge Multiple temporalities temporal conflict cities war Counter traditions inclusion/exclusion Break in time Communities in crisis critical temporalities Relevance: 2 time and space South Korea politics of time capitalism tourism N2 - Remembering Hiroshima, the city obliterated by the world's first nuclear attack, has been a complicated and intensely politicized process, as we learn from Lisa Yoneyama's sensitive investigation of the "dialectics of memory." She explores unconventional texts and dimensions of culture involved in constituting Hiroshima memories--including history textbook controversies, discourses on the city's tourism and urban renewal projects, campaigns to preserve atomic ruins, survivors' testimonial practices, ethnic Koreans' narratives on Japanese colonialism, and the feminized discourse on peace--in order to illuminate the politics of knowledge about the past and present. In the way battles over memories have been expressed as material struggles over the cityscape itself, we see that not all share the dominant remembering of Hiroshima's disaster, with its particular sense of pastness, nostalgia, and modernity. The politics of remembering, in Yoneyama's analysis, is constituted by multiple and contradictory senses of time, space, and positionality, elements that have been profoundly conditioned by late capitalism and intensifying awareness of post-Cold War and postcolonial realities. Hiroshima Traces, besides clarifying the discourse surrounding this unforgotten catastrophe, reflects on questions that accompany any attempts to recover marginalized or silenced experiences. At a time when historical memories around the globe appear simultaneously threatening and in danger of obliteration, Yoneyama asks how acts of remembrance can serve the cause of knowledge without being co-opted and deprived of their unsettling, self-critical qualities. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=HlH0xxj84CwC ID - 601 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Young, Iris Marion PY - 1986 TI - The Ideal of Community and the Politics of Difference SP - 1 - 26 JF - Social Theory and Practice VL - 12 IS - 1 N1 - The Ideal of Community and the Politics of Difference KW - philosophy politics Continental Philosophy non-homogeneous community presence communication cities history utopia Relevance: 2 N2 - not available UR - not available ID - 547 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Young, Michael PY - 1988 BT - The Metronomic Society: Natural Rhythms and Human Timetables CY - Cambridge, MA PB - Harvard University Press N1 - The Metronomic Society: Natural Rhythms and Human Timetables KW - Rhythms Scheduling Sociology habits repetition Cyclical time creativity memory Tradition The future Relevance: 2 Social coordination coordinating between different times Separation from the past continuity over time imagined futures Biological time biology permanence N2 - In 'The Metronomic Society', a sociologist advances the principle that society is held together by ceaseless cyclical oscillations embodied in individual and collective habits. People keep doing what they have done before, yet they welcome each day with its promise of a new beginning. Cyclical time keeps things the same by reproducing the past and gratifying the human aspiration for permanence, while linear time introduces novelty and keeps us from getting stale. The whole is a rich extended meditation on time, memory, habit, custom, change, repetition, tradition, and the future. It is a delight to read - closely argued, elegantly written, full of wit and piquant details - and will appeal to general readers as well as to specialists in sociology, biology, anthropology, history, and philosophy UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=hO7FQgAACAAJ ID - 855 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Young, Michael AU - Schuller, Tom PY - 1988 TI - The Rhythms of Society T3 - Reports of the Institute of Community Studies CY - London PB - Routledge N1 - The Rhythms of Society KW - Sociology rhythms Acceleration of time social Change social structure geography labour time social psychology habits social time time as natural Relevance: 2 N2 - This collection reflects the time-obsessed age we live in. The contributors, drawn from a range of disciplines, develop a common sociological approach to examine time in a range of cultures, sub-cultures and historical periods. This book should be of interest to students of sociology. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=h4wOAAAAQAAJ ID - 993 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Zelizer, Barbie PY - 2001 BT - Communication and Community ED - Shepherd, Gregory J. ED - Rothenbuhler, Eric CT - Collective Memory as “Time-Out”: Repairing the Time-Community Link PB - Lawrence Erlbaum SP - 181-189 N1 - Collective Memory as “Time-Out”: Repairing the Time-Community Link KW - shared past memory Collective memory communication social time Relevance: 1 time spent with community N2 - from the back of the book: This distinctive volume combines synthetic theoretical essays and reports of original research to address the interrelations of communication and community in a wide variety of settings. Chapters address interpersonal conversation and communal relationships; journalism organizations and political reporting; media use and community participation; communication styles and alternative organizations; and computer networks and community building; among other topics. The contents offer synthetic literature reviews, philosophical essays, reports of original research, theory development, and criticism. While varying in theoretical perspective and research focus, each of the chapters also provides its own approach to the practice of communication and community. In this way, the book provides a recurrent thematic emphasis on the pragmatic consequences of theory and research for the activities of communication and living together in communities. Taken as a whole, this collection illustrates that communication and community cannot be adequately analyzed in any context without considering other contexts, other levels of analysis, and other media and modes of communication. As such, it provides important insights for scholars, students, educators, and researchers concerned with communication across the full range of contexts, media, and modes. UR - http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=a6NNenneNi4C ID - 548 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zentner, Henry PY - 1966 TI - The Social Time-Space Relationship: A Theoretical Formulation SP - 61-79 JF - Sociological Inquiry VL - 36 IS - 1 SN - 0038-0245 N1 - The Social Time-Space Relationship: A Theoretical Formulation AN - WOS:A1966ZN72900007 KW - time and space sociology methodology economics Psychology social Change social time time as missing element Relevance: 2 physical time cultural variants of time N2 - not available - from the text: In comparison with the natural sciences as well as with certain other behavioral disciplines such as economics and psychology, sociology has been slow to engage in the systematic observation and analysis of behavior as it is governed by temporal and spatial considerations. Sociological theory has often considered time and space to be two independent variables that comprise an external framework in terms of which the sociocultural drama might be apprehended. Departures from this traditional orientation have appeared only gradually and in piecemeal fashi0n.l Thus, while it is increasingly recognized that time and space are numbered among the more basic parameters of human behavior, there is almost no critical literature which has attempted to assess the adequacy and utility of the several approaches to these phenomena? neither is there any evidence of attempts to reformulate the several prevailing conceptualizations into a logically coherent framework. It is the purpose of this paper to assay the latter of these two problems and to relate the time-space nexus to the larger issue of sociocultural development. In the discussion to follow, attention always will be focused on the nature of the complex interrelationships among four conceptually distinct categories of time-space phenomena: (1) physical time, (2) physical space, (3) social time, and (4) social space. Each of the four categories is accorded the status of a concept which is widely, though not universally, manifest as a cultural definition, and each is illustrated by examples which appear in context below. UR - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1966.tb00613.x/abstract ID - 814 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zerubavel, Eviatar PY - 1979 TI - Private Time and Public Time: The Temporal Structure of Social Accessibility and Professional Commitments SP - 38-58 JF - Social Forces VL - 58 IS - 1 SN - 00377732 N1 - Private Time and Public Time: The Temporal Structure of Social Accessibility and Professional Commitments M3 - citeulike-article-id:9700079 KW - health hierarchy labour time public and private time professionalism Relevance: 2 social coordination status Temporal boundaries Temporal inequality Time allocation Time as symbolic resource time scarcity professionalism N2 - This paper highlights the temporal aspects of social accessibility, demonstrating that time is a major dimension of social organization along which both privacy and professional commitments are defined in modern society. An analysis of the temporal structure of professional commitments within the domain of health care, leads to the claim that the temporally rigid way in which most professional commitments are defined today is one of the key characteristics of modern social organization. A general conceptual scheme, constructed around the temporal structure of social accessibility, is evaluated in terms of its use in helping us identify and differentiate various occupational roles as well as various status rankings within stratification systems. The symbolic significance of the temporal organization of social accessibility is stressed-both in general, and for professional commitments in particular. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/2577783 ID - 2063 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zerubavel, Eviatar PY - 1982 TI - Easter and Passover: On Calendars and Group Identity SP - 284-289 JF - American Sociological Review VL - 47 IS - 2 N1 - Easter and Passover: On Calendars and Group Identity KW - social time Scheduling Sociology identity religion Multiple temporalities temporal distancing Coevalness inclusion/exclusion Relevance: 1 Judaism christianity Method: case study calendars synchronicity time as tool for managing percieved threats N2 - Based on a case study of the calendrical dissociation of Easter from Passover, this paper examines the way in which social groups use calendrical means to express their distinctiveness vis-a-vis other groups. It explores the early Paschal controversies within the context of the Church's attempts to establish its own unique identity as distinct from the Synagogue, claiming that the temporal segregation of Easter from its Jewish precursor was part of a general effort to emancipate the ecclesiastical calendar from the Jewish calendar and, thus, actually to promote the social segregation of Christians from Jews. The paper demonstrates that, as a symbolic system that is commonly shared by a group of people and is unique to them, the calendar accentuates the similitude among group members--thus solidifying their in-group sentiments--while, at the same time, contributing to the establishment of intergroup boundaries that distinguish, as well as separate, group members from "outsiders. UR - http://www.jstor.org/pss/2094969 ID - 550 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zerubavel, Eviatar PY - 1987 TI - The Language of Time: Toward a Semiotics of Temporality SP - 343-356 JF - The Sociological Quarterly VL - 28 IS - 3 SN - 00380253 N1 - The Language of Time: Toward a Semiotics of Temporality KW - language time as symbolic resource method: semiotics commemorative events Ritual religion national time multiple temporalities social time Relevance: 2 calendars Meaning Sociology Judaism Christianity N2 - This article examines temporality from a semiotic perspective, as a quasi-linguistic system of signification, shedding light on the rudimentary elements of the "language" of time and the way both individuals and societies use them in their "speech." It first explores how people manipulate various dimensions of temporality (e.g., duration, speed, frequency, timing) as virtual semiotic codes through which they manage to convey various social messages (e.g., about priority, importance, commitment, respect, intimacy, informality) without having to articulate them verbally. It then proceeds to show that this schema of symbolic relations between the temporal and the social seems to operate not only at the microsocial level of interpersonal relations but also at the macrosocial level of societal politics. Using the Jewish Sabbath, the Christian Lord's Day, and the French Republican calendar as case studies, it examines the way "temporal contrasts" are used to substantiate and accentuate social (conceptual, cultural, and political) contrasts. The article introduces the "semiotic quadrangle," the use of which enables the student of symbolic communication to view meaning as a function of an entire system of symbolic associations at both semantic and syntactic levels. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/4120647 ID - 2038 ER - TY - BOOK AU - Zerubavel, Eviatar PY - 2004 BT - Time Maps: Collective Memory and the Social Shape of the Past CY - Chicago PB - The University of Chicago Press N1 - Time Maps: Collective Memory and the Social Shape of the Past N1 - reviews; http://tas.sagepub.com/content/14/2-3/361.full.pdf+html http://soc.sagepub.com/content/39/1/181.full.pdf+html KW - narrative history the past imagined pasts invention of tradition Collective memory origin stories epochalism Break in time social time Relevance: 2 narrative time as symbolic resource meaning Separation from the past events N2 - "Time Maps extends beyond all of the old clichés about linear, circular, and spiral patterns of historical process and provides us with models of the actual legends used to map history. It is a brilliant and elegant exercise in model building that provides new insights into some of the old questions about philosophy of history, historical narrative, and what is called straight history."-Hayden White, University of California, Santa Cruz. Who were the first people to inhabit North America? Does the West Bank belong to the Arabs or the Jews? Why are racists so obsessed with origins? Is a seventh cousin still a cousin? Why do some societies name their children after dead ancestors? As Eviatar Zerubavel demonstrates in Time Maps, we cannot answer burning questions such as these without a deeper understanding of how we envision the past. In a pioneering attempt to map the structure of our collective memory, Zerubavel considers the cognitive patterns we use to organize the past in our minds and the mental strategies that help us string together unrelated events into coherent and meaningful narratives, as well as the social grammar of battles over conflicting interpretations of history. Drawing on fascinating examples that range from Hiroshima to the Holocaust, from Columbus to Lucy, and from ancient Egypt to the former Yugoslavia, Zerubavel shows how we construct historical origins; how we tie discontinuous events together into stories; how we link families and entire nations through genealogies; and how we separate distinct historical periods from one another through watersheds, such as the invention of fire or the fall of the Berlin Wall. Most people think the Roman Empire ended in 476, even though it lasted another 977 years in Byzantium. Challenging such conventional wisdom, Time Maps will be must reading for anyone interested in how the history of our world takes shape. There are many alternative ways to cut up the past, none of which are more natural and hence more valid than others. Any system of periodization is thus inevitably social, since our ability to envision the historical watersheds separating one conventional ‘period’ from another is basically a product of being socialized into specific traditions of carving the past. (p. 97) This is the key message of Time Maps, that we are ‘mnemonically socialized’ by the collectivities to which we are attached. UR - http://books.google.com/books?id=vNbLhAZ-ieAC ID - 729 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhao, Shanyang PY - 2004 TI - Consociated Contemporaries As an Emergent Realm of the Lifeworld: Extending Schutz's Phenomenological Analysis to Cyberspace SP - 91-105 JF - Human Studies: A Journal for Philosophy and the Social Sciences VL - 27 IS - 1 N1 - Consociated Contemporaries As an Emergent Realm of the Lifeworld: Extending Schutz's Phenomenological Analysis to Cyberspace N1 - Philosophers Index N1 - Ovid Technologies KW - Philosophy Schutz online communities Relevance: 1 Simultaneity phenomenology The internet Shared present Temporal vs spatial communities changing perceptions of time The internet N2 - According to the differences in the spatial-temporal co-location of human individuals, Alfred Schutz divided the contemporaneous lifeworld into two major realms: the realm of consociates made up of individuals sharing a community of space and a community of time, and the realm of contemporaries made up of individuals sharing neither a community of space nor a community of time. Extending Schutz's phenomenological analysis to cyberspace, this paper delineates an emergent third realm--the realm of consociated contemporaries, in which individuals share a community of time without sharing a community of space. A central argument of this paper is that the emergence of this social domain in cyberspace reconfigures the structure of the lifeworld by creating a new spatial-temporal condition of human contact, which gives rise to a new mode of human interaction and a new form of human relationship. UR - http://www.jstor.org/openurl?volume=27&date=2004&spage=91&issn=01638548&issue=1 ID - 175 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zhao, Shanyang AU - Elesh, David PY - 2008 TI - Copresence as ‘Being With’: Social Contact in Online Public Domains SP - 564-583 JF - Information, Communication & Society VL - 11 IS - 4 N1 - Copresence as ‘Being With’: Social Contact in Online Public Domains N1 - relevant author search KW - online communities Sociology synchronicity power Shared present the internet Temporal vs spatial communities Giddens temporal boundaries inclusion/exclusion time as all encompassing Relevance: 2 hierarchy N2 - This article examines the issue of 'ubiquitous connectivity' on the Internet. The Internet, combined with the wireless technologies, is said to have made it possible for 'anyone to contact anyone else anywhere at anytime', but such ubiquity of connectivity has failed to materialize in actual human contact. Drawing on Goffman and Giddens's theories of human interaction, the authors make a distinction between co-location, which is a spatial relationship among individuals, and copresence, a social relationship. While co-location puts people within range of each other, copresence renders people mutually accessible for contact. However, the establishment of copresence is normatively regulated in society, which demarcates different regions of space for different types of activity. Social contact takes place in a domain where copresence is affected not only by the regionality of contact but also by the power relations that underlie personal affinity and social engagement. It is concluded that so long as there are social barriers that separate people into different groups of interests and different positions in the hierarchy of fame and power, there will be fragmentations in the online world that make the ubiquity of social connectivity impossible. UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a794014544~tab=content ID - 182 ER - TY - CHAP AU - Zhou, D. AU - Councill, I. AU - Zha, H. Y. AU - Giles, C. L. PY - 2007 BT - Icdm 2007: Proceedings of the Seventh Ieee International Conference on Data Mining ED - Ramakrishnan, N. ED - Zaiane, O. R. ED - Shi, Y. ED - Clifton, C. W. ED - Wu, X. D. CT - Discovering temporal communities from social network documents T3 - IEEE International Conference on Data Mining SP - 745-750 N1 - Discovering temporal communities from social network documents SN - 1550-4786 978-0-7695-3018-5 AN - ISI:000253429400098 KW - Method: social network analysis Relevance: 1 networks Mobility across communities Method: dynamic rather than static methodology Method: quantitative N2 - This paper studies the discovery of communities from social network documents produced over time, addressing the discovery of temporal trends in community memberships. We first formulate static community discovery at a single time period as a tripartite graph partitioning problem. Then we propose to discover the temporal communities by threading the statically derived communities in different time periods using a new constrained partitioning algorithm, which partitions graphs based on topology as well as prior information regarding vertex membership. We evaluate the proposed approach on synthetic datasets and a real-world dataset prepared from the CiteSeer. ID - 843 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziarek, Ewa Plonowska PY - 1995 TI - The Uncanny Style of Kristeva's Critique of Nationalism SP - 1053-1920 JF - Postmodern Culture VL - 5 IS - 2 N1 - The Uncanny Style of Kristeva's Critique of Nationalism KW - Kristeva politics Bhabha nationalism psychoanalysis politics ethics relevance: 3 philosophy inclusion/exclusion narrative contradictory present identity non-homogeneous community feminist theory women's time Continental Philosophy N2 - Not available - quotes from intro instead: Kristeva's strategy to rethink social affiliations at work in modern nation-states from the marginal and ambivalent position of the foreigner parallels the project of Homi K. Bhabha to interpret the narrative of the nation from "the perspective of the nation's margin and the migrants' exile."5 Not surprisingly, both Kristeva and Bhabha turn to Freud's discussion of the uncanny in order to underscore not only the duplicity and ambivalence of the margin but also the threat it poses to the homogeneity of the national identity. This emphasis on the liminality fissuring the unity of the nation from within serves as a corrective to the accounts of nationality, which presuppose the imaginary unity of the people or "the sociological solidity of the national narrative" (DN, 305). While rightly criticizing Kristeva's too hasty embrace of the pleasures of exile, Bhabha at the same time credits her for "a powerful critique and redefinition of the nation as a space for the emergence of feminist political and psychic identifications" (DN, 303). Bhabha refers here to Kristeva's analysis of the double temporality undercutting the continuity of the national historical narrative in "Women's Time." In Strangers to Ourselves Kristeva not only focuses far more explicitly on "the critique and redefinition" of the national space, but intertwines this political diagnosis of the aporia in the logic of nationalism with an inquiry into the possibilities of an ethics of psychoanalysis--an issue only briefly broached in "Women's Time." In the context of ethics, the foreigner becomes the figure of otherness as such--otherness inhabiting both the inter and the intra-subjective relations: "in that sense, the foreigner is a 'symptom' . . . : psychologically he signifies the difficulty we have of living as an other and with others; politically, he underscores the limits of nation-states and of the national political conscience" (ST, 103). Posited in this double way, the figure of the foreigner in Kristeva's argument opens a space where politics is entwined with ethics. As Kristeva insists, "the ethics of psychoanalysis implies a politics," because both are fundamentally concerned with the critique of violence and with the elaboration of different ways of being with others. Not dependent upon violent expulsion or "peaceful" absorption of others into a common social body, psychoanalysis, Kristeva argues, "sets the difference within us in its most bewildering shape and presents it as the ultimate condition of our being with others" (ST, 192). In this essay I would like to ask what notion of alterity is implied by the intersection, or perhaps, a disjunction, between politics and ethics. UR - http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/postmodern_culture/v005/5.2ziarek.html ID - 978 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziarek, Ewa Plonowska PY - 1998 TI - Toward a Radical Female Imaginary: Temporality and Embodiment in Irigaray's Ethics SP - 60-75 JF - Diacritics VL - 28 IS - 1 SN - 03007162 N1 - Toward a Radical Female Imaginary: Temporality and Embodiment in Irigaray's Ethics KW - feminism Gender Continental Philosophy philosophy irigaray Relevance: 3 Derrida Becoming Deleuze N2 - Not available - from the text: An important intervention of Irigaray's work on sexual difference into the postmodern debates on ethics is the mediation between two different lines of ethical inquiry: one represented by the work of Nietzsche, Deleuze, Foucault, and, to a certain degree, Castoriadis, and the other by the work of Levinas, Derrida, and Lyotard. Although the two trajectories both depart from the notion of morality as a universal system of law and judgment, they represent different approaches to freedom and obligation. For Levinas, Derrida, and Lyotard, the ethical significance of alterity disrupts social systems of significationa nd, in this sense, markst ranscendencea s a breaki n discourse,w hereasf or Nietzsche, Deleuze, and Foucault, otherness is expressed within the endless variations of becoming. In this essay I would like to focus on two moments of such negotiation: the becoming of sexed bodies and the temporality of the female imaginary... As Margaret Whitford suggests, the juxtaposition of Irigaray and Castoriadis allows us to discuss the female imaginary not only in the framework of existing social institutions but also in the context of the disjunctive temporality of history. UR - http://www.jstor.org/stable/1566324 ID - 253 ER - TY - JOUR AU - Zucchermaglio, Cristina AU - Talamo, Alessandra PY - 2000 TI - The Social Construction of Work Times SP - 205-222 JF - Time & Society VL - 9 IS - 2-3 N1 - The Social Construction of Work Times N1 - 10.1177/0961463X00009002004 KW - social time labour time temporal boundaries psychology time as missing element Method: qualitative Method: quantitative Italy Europe organisational temporalities temporal conflict Relevance: 2 time management negotiation N2 - This article deals with the negotiation of time boundaries in a project group. The study grew up from a theoretical approach grounded in cultural psychology, where time is considered as a cultural artifact and as a dimension of the interactive environment that could be co-constructed by all participants through discourse. The relevance of the negotiation of the temporal dimension in work settings is still unexplored. Both qualitative and quantitative data of the first meeting of a project group of an Italian national bank working on the reorganization of front-office services show how the negotiation of temporal aspects is a core topic from the very beginning of the work. This study shows that when a project starts, all participants spend a lot of effort in defining different kinds of temporal boundaries as these represent very important dimensions of work planning; time is not treated as a single topic but participants differentiate organizational time, project time, meetings time and actual meeting time. Results strengthen the hypothesis of the interactional nature of time in work settings and show specific relationships with the contents of participants' discourses. UR - http://tas.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/9/2-3/205 ID - 736 ER -